Kubatanidzwa kweAdSM kuvanhu vakuru: zvinopesana, zvinetso uye kuongororwa

Zvakaitika kuti vanhu vakawanda vakuru uye vanhu vakadzidza zvakakwana vanodavira kuti pfungwa ye "chirwere" inongoshanda kune vana chete. Zvisina kukodzera, kupora muhukuru kune zvakakosha sezvinenge muhuduku.

ADSM - chii ichocho?

Tsamba dze ADSM dzinozivikanwa kwatiri kubva paudiki. Chirwere che ADSD chinorevei? Kurapa kwechirongwa chinotarisirwa kuvanhu vakuru nevana zvakafanana. Mutsara wokuti "ADS" unoreva "Anatoxin Diphtheria-Stobnyachny", tsamba "M" inoreva "duku", kureva, chirwere chine uwandu hwemaanti antigens.

ADSM chirwere chinochengetwa neTetanus uye diphtheria. Kunyoresa kweAdSM kune vanhu vakuru zvakakosha sekune vana, inodzivirira kutetetus uye diphtheria. Mushonga unoshandiswa wakachena, adsorbed on aluminium hydroxide, tetanus uye diphtheria toxoids. Kunatswa kwehutuko kunoshandiswa, ndiko kuti, kutengesa tsvina yea causative agent, kushaya simba zvakakwana kuitira kuti isakakuvadza muviri wemunhu uye panguva imwechete kuchengetedza kukwanisa kusimbisa kukura kwehutachiona.

Iyo nzira yekuita kweAdSM

Kuvhara kweAdSM kuvanhu vakuru mumuviri inorohwa nekutapukira kwetetanus uye diphtheria inxin, iyo yakachengetedza maitiro avo asingazivikanwi. Uturu hunokonzera, pakupindura kuvapo kwavo, kubudiswa kwezvirwere zvakananga nemuviri. Izvo zvichazozoparadza zvirwere zvepibheria uye tetanus.

Mukufananidzira, chirwere chiri mune dzimwe nzira yakafanana neyakabviswa, kubvisa, chimiro chechirwere chinotapukira chisingasviki mungozi kuhupenyu uye hutano hwechirwere, asi inoita simba rakadzivirira rinogadzirisa kwemakore mazhinji.

Zviratidzo zvekudzivirira kweAdSM

Kudyirwa kwaAADM kuvanhu vakuru kunotanga makore ose emakore ehupenyu, iko makore gumi mushure mekudzivirira kwepakutanga, pasinei nezera ripi iro vari panguva yekudzivirira, nekudaro kusvika pakufa.

Kana chirongwa chekudzivirira chikaputswa uye yekupedzisira inoculation yakatangwa makore anodarika makumi maviri adarika, munhu anororwa kaviri, kureva zvakare, mune mamwe mazuva makumi mana.

Muchiitiko chacho apo munhu mukuru anowanzoporwa nokuda kwekutanga muhupenyu hwake, chirwere chacho chinoshandiswa katatu. Kudzokazve kweAdam nevarume vakuru vekutanga vachirwere varwere kunotarisirwa mazuva makumi mana mushure mekutanga, uye katatu chirwere chinopiwa gore rimwe chete mushure mechipiri.

Mukuwedzera, kune chirwere chekukurumidzira cheAdSM. Inoshandiswa nehutachiona hwevarwere muhupo hwemaonda akasvibiswa, kana chirwere chakapfuura chakaitwa makore anopfuura mashanu akapfuura.

Vanhu vakwegura vanonyanya kuda kubviswa kweAdSM, sezvo vakaderedza hutachiona uye huwandu hunokonzerwa nehutachiona. Havafaniri kukanganwa ADSM, vachitaura nezvekuvapo kwezvirwere zvakakomba zvekare. Muchiitiko ichi, kuvapo kwekugara kwenguva isiri chiratidzo chakakwana chekudzoka.

Kupindirana kwechirwere cheAdSM

Pane mamiriro ezvinhu pasi apo chirwere che ADS chisina kuitwa. Kupindirana kwevanhu vakuru kunoreva vasina kuvhara varwere vane hutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwema immunodeficiency, kushandiswa kune zvikamu zvechirwere, kushandiswa kwechirwere chekare. Hosha yeAdSM inoparidzirwa kuvakadzi panguva yekuzvitakura uye lactation. Uyewo, inononoka kwemavhiki maviri kubva panguva yekudzoka kune varwere vane zvirwere zvakanyanya kupora.

Nzira yekudzivirira ye ADSM

Anatomix ADSM inoratidzika sekumiswa kwakachena, iyo inoparadzaniswa kana yakachengetwa zvakajeka mvura uye mazhenje emvura. Nokudaro, usati watanga, ampoule ne anatoxin inofanira kunge yakanyongedzwa nesimba kusvikira kusimiswa kwave kunogadzikana zvachose.

Kazhinji mumutambo, nhaurirano pamusoro pehurukuro, apo ADSM inorodzwa kuvanhu vakuru, inopisa. Mukukakavadzana, pane dzimwe nguva manotsi ekudengenyeka anonzwika, nei imwe yakapemerwa pasi pe scapula, uye imwe-mumutumbi.

Anatomine ADSM inogona kutarisirwa intramuscularly uye nepamusoro-kunze gluteal quadrant, uye mune antero-kunze chikamu chepakati chetatu chehudyu, uye pasi pezvinyorwa. Nhamba imwe chete ye anatoxin is 0.5 ml.

Zvichipa kukwanisa kwekusimudzirwa kwekuita zvinoitika zvakanyanya, zvirwere muhofisi zvinoongororwa kwehafu yeawa mushure mejojo. Makamuri ekubatanidza anofanira kunge akachengetedzwa nemishonga yekurapa inoshamisika.

Mirayiridzo pamusoro pemishonga

Pakuita chirwere, mitemo inotevera inonyatsocherechedzwa.

Hemukirwo inofanirwa kuitwa nemishonga yakasvibiswa isina kuchena. Usakanganise zvirwere zvakasiyana. Panguva imwe chete neAdSM, chero zvirwere zvinogona kupiwa, kunze kweBBCG, asi mumwe nomumwe wavo ane jira dzakasiyana-siyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzomuviri.

Musati maita chirwere, zvakakosha kuongororedza ampoule zvakanyatsogadziriswa kuitira kuti vaone kuti yakakodzera. Mushonga wacho hauna kukodzera kushandiswa mumaboules ne zviratidzo zvinoratidzika zvekukuvadza, kubviswa nekucherechedza, uye zvakajeka kuchinja mune zviri mukati. Zvinotenderwa kutarisa hupenyu hwetabhenakeri yemishonga, kutarisana nemamiriro ekuchengetedza.

Ikoko chirongwa chinopfuudzwa chinogadziriswa zvizere nekuteerera ne aseptic uye antiseptic zvinodiwa . Iyo yakazarura ampoule inoshandiswa zvakakwana uye haigoni kuchengetwa. Mashoko pamusoro pe nhamba yakashata, zuva rekugadzirwa uye zuva rekudzivirira rinopinda mu logbook pamwe chete nedhipatimende yepasipoti yechirwere.

Migumisiro Yechiri

Ko zvakaoma sei kupora kwaAdam kuvanhu vakuru? Kuongororwa mumambure pamusoro pekusawirirana mushure mokunge chirwere chacho chisinganzwisisiki. Mumwe munhu akanga asinganzwi chinhu, mumwe munhu aiva nemhino inoputika, uye mumwe munhu aine fevha uye akanzwa asinganzwisisiki, mumwe munhu aine ruvara uye nzvimbo yakakuvara yakaora, mumwe munhu aisagona kusimudza ruoko nokuda kwekutambudzika. Uye mumamiriro ese ezvinhu, chikonzero chacho chaiva kupora kweAdSM. Matambudziko anowanikwa muvanhu vakuru (anonzi kushandiswa kwemishonga) apo vachirwa neAdSM ndiyo inowanzo. Hazvirevi kutanga kwechirwere ichi, asi nezvekuvandudzwa kwehutachiona muvanhu. Mushure mechinguva, migumisiro inowanikwa pachavo pasina migumisiro. Pashure pezvose, rimwe remakona mashoma reactogenic pakati pemigodhi yekugadzirira ndiro ADSM chirwere.

Zvakaipa zvinokonzerwa nevanhu vakuru zvinogona kuzviratidza semagariro evanhu uye mahara. Ivo, zvichienderana nehumwe humwe hwemuviri wemunhu, vakajeka uye vane nzara.

Mumaawa ekutanga makumi maviri nemaviri kunogona kuva nekukwira kwenguva pfupi pakushambidza uye malaise, pamwe nekurwadziwa, kubwinya, kuzvimba panzvimbo yejojo. Ikoko kunogona kuonekwa kuregererwa nenzira yemakoni, asi haisi kutyisa. Ichazvigadzirisa zvachose mukati mevhiki shomanana. Iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti nzvimbo ino haigoni kupisa, sezvo izvi zvinogona kukonzera kusatsvaga. Kakawanda kazhinji pane zvakanyanya kugadzirisa zvirwere.

Kuti uwane ruzivo, hazvisi nyore, kana kusarura kwakakomba kune inoculation hazvibviri kuratidzirwa, sezvo zvisingabatsiri zvoutano. Zvechokwadi, subjectively ivo havakwanisi, asi vanopfuura vasina kukonzera kudarika kumwe shure.

Post-vaccination complications with ADSM

Dambudziko re ADMS kune vanhu vakuru harisi nyore, asi maererano nenhamba, kune zvikamu zviviri zvezvirwere zve 100 000. Post-vaccination complications of ADSM dzinosanganisira:

1. Kuve nehutachiona hwehutachiona, hwakadai sekupora-kupora vanaphylactic kushungurudzika uye edema yaQuincke, pamwe chete nemhando yakawanda yemingano.

2. Post-vaccinal encephalitis.

3. Post-vaccination meningitis.

Doro uye kupora

Doro pamwe neAdSM vaccine yakakwana zvachose. Pasati zuva iro chirwere cheAADS chinorayirwa, zvirwere zvevanhu vakuru zvinofanira kurega kunwa kwemazuva maviri.

Mushure mekudzivirira, mararamiro ekufungisisa anofanira kuchengetwa kweimwe mazuva matatu. Imwe mushure meizvi, zvimwe zvipo zvinotenderwa, uye kunwa kwezvinodhakwa zvinodhaka zvisina kumira zvinotenderwa. Mushure mevhiki kubva pazuva rokudzivirira, inobvumirwa kudzokera zvakare kunwa mune nzira inowanzoitika.

Kana iwe uchiri kunwa doro mushure mekudzivirira, hapana chichaitika, asi kuoma kwekushushikana kunogona kukura zvikuru. Mukurwisana nemamiriro ezvinhu ekudhakwa kunodhakwa, kupisa kwemaawa kunogona kuwedzera, edema uye kurwadziwa panzvimbo yejojo inogona kukura, saka munhu anofanira kurega kunwa zvinodhaka mukati mevhiki mushure mekudzivirira.

Vakuru vanofanirwa kuve vadzokidzwa zvakare nemushonga we ADSM. Tetanus uye diphtheria zvine ngozi, dzinogona kuguma nerufu. Tetanus haigone kurapwa kunyange mumazuva ano. Diphtheria inorapwa, asi inopa zvinetso zvinokuvadza. Mushonga we ADSM hausi reactogenic, unoregererwa zvakanaka, uye kwemakore gumi anotevera ichapa hutachiona.

Pasati nguva yekudzivirira, hafu yematambudziko ane diphtheria akafa, 85 muzana yevarwere vakafa nechirwere chetetusus. Nyika dzinoverengeka, semuUnited States, dzakaedza kusiya chirwere chinopesana ne pertussis, tetanus uye diphtheria. Izvi zvakaguma nehosha, uye kupora kwakatanga zvakare pasi pehurongwa hwehurumende.