Shwashwa rinenge: nerevane STRUCTURAL zvinhu

Hapana chakavanzika kunyange vatambi zvakanaka mumuviri chimiro uye hwakanyatsorwisa mangwanani zera, kazhinji vanosiyira kudzidziswa nokuda makuvaro. A guru inorwara matambudziko avo - shwashwa. The dukusa chikamu vavo - shwashwa. Mashandiro zvaparadzwa mapfundo, zvinoitika, unogona kudzorerwa, kana nguva kuteerera dambudziko uye kuti pave nemamiriro ezvinhu akakodzera kuti kurapwa uye patsva nemasero.

Zvinyama mumuviri womunhu

Muviri - iri kunzwisisa uye kusanduka gadziriro anokwanisa kuzvidzora. Inoitwa yakasiyana chimiro, uye mashandiro anoita masero. Zvaitika basal muviri. Pamwe nevasiri cellular zvivako, vanobatana vari zvinyama: epithelial, tsandanyama, tsinga, connective.

Masero Epithelial vanoumba hwaro ganda. Ivo anomira dzakawanda in (abdominal, thoracal, rokumusoro kufema turakiti, ari intestinal turakiti). Muscle rinenge kunoita munhu kutama. uyewo chinoita dzomunyika nzvimbo mapazi ose uye hurongwa. Musculature dziya mu mifananidzo: chechetere (abdominal rusvingo miviri uye arteries), mwoyo, skeletal (striated). Huta zvinyama transmits nomunhu kubva uropi. Vamwe masero vanokwanisa kukura uye tinobereka, vamwe vavo vanokwanisa panoda.

Connective zvinyama muviri zvemukati ezvinhu. Hazvina zvakasiyana chivako, mamiriro nezvimwewo. Inoitwa mapfupa simba pamusoro marangwanda, subcutaneous mafuta, zvinwiwa, ropa uye node. Pazviri rinoshandawo shwashwa. Its basa - dzichiumbwa, depreciation, kuvariritira uye kutsigirwa. Vose zvinoita basa rinokosha uye zvinodikanwa hwakaoma kunzwisisa muviri.

Shwashwa rinenge: marongerwo uye mashandiro

Its maitiro chinhu - the looseness muurongwa nemasero. Vachivabata nomumwe, unogona kuona kuti ivo takaparadzaniswa zvakajeka nepedyo. Tsapo pakati pavo pamire intercellular fuma - chizvaro. Uye siyana mhando cartilages riri kuumbwa pane chikuru amorphous fuma dzakasiyana fibers (kwakavharwa nenyama uye collagen). Kunyange vane kwakabva puroteni, asi zvakasiyana ehupfumi dzavo uye zvichienderana kuti aite zvakasiyana mabasa.

All mapfupa muviri yakaumbwa kuti shwashwa. Asi kuwedzera zvavo intercellular fuma crystals akazara munyu (kunyanya karusiyamu). Somugumisiro vawana pfupa simba uye kuva chikamu marangwanda. Shwashwa uyewo kuita rutsigiro mabasa. Muna nomuzongoza, ari pakati zvikamu, vakaona kugara mutoro (kunofambira mberi uye vakagwinya). Nzeve, mhino, trachea, principales - munzvimbo vaya Mucheka kunoita zvakawanda okukura basa.

Kukura uye shwashwa kudya vakatakudzwa kubva kubudikidza perichondrium. Iye ari fanira chikamu rejira, kunze mapfundo. Ivo varipo pakati vachidzipukuta hukawanika, ari synovial mvura. Iye anogeza, kugonyesa uye rinopa kwavari, inobvisa metabolic zvigadzirwa.

mamiriro

The shoma shwashwa masero vanokwanisa weboka, uye zvakawanda nzvimbo vakavapoteredza, akazara akasiyana-siyana zvivako zviri puroteni fuma. Pamusana dzakadaro zviri pakuberekwa kutsva pezvakaitwa kazhinji zvakawanda chaizvo ari chizvaro.

Kune mhando mbiri zvinyama masero: hodnrotsity (vakuru) uye chondroblasts (muduku). Avo akasiyana kukura, nzvimbo uye nzira urongwa. Chondrocytes vane woita chimiro, uye vari akakura. Vanosarudzirwa vaviri vaviri kana mumapoka masero anosvika 10. Chondroblasts uye yemanyorero zviduku zviri zvinyama panguva arikunze kana singly.

Mune cytoplasm kwamakamuri pasi goko rinoungana mvura, pane inclusions pakati glycogen. Okisijeni uye zvinovaka muviri kupinda masero diffusely. Ndipo panouya kwetunhu collagen uye elastin. Ndivo zvakakodzera kuti paumbwe intercellular fuma. Kubva ayo specificity kunoenderana iro mhando ndiyo shwashwa. Zvakakurukurwa marongerwo laryngeal kushanda zvakasiyana kubva intervertebral Disc, kusanganisira zviri collagen. The hura, mumhino shwashwa extracellular chizvaro rinoumbwa 30% kubva elastin.

mhando

Sezvo shwashwa iri Classified? Its basa kunobva predominance iri chizvaro nezvevamwe fibers. Kana ari intercellular fuma kupfuura elastin, shwashwa zvikuru pliable. Zvinoita sokuti simba, asi vanomirirwa nemwanda fibers mairi wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose. Vari zvakanaka kukunda mutoro kwete chete nokuda compression asiwo makakatanwa, vaikwanisa deformation pasina dzakaoma nemigumisiro. cartilages izvi zvinonzi kwakavharwa nenyama. zvinyama chimiro huro dzavo, nzeve, mhino.

Kana chizvaro akapoteredza masero rurefu zviri collagen yakaoma mamiriro kuveza polypeptide ngetani, saka akadana hyaline shwashwa. Kazhinji anofukidza yomukati hukawanika ari mapfundo. Mukuru Huwandu collagen iri kusimbiswa pemvura wongoramba. Dzaanoridza basa chitunha. The faibha mwanda mairi zvayakaita kufanana-dimensional matatu angapingirishwa zvakarukwa zononoka chimiro.

Pane rimwe boka: fibrous, kana fibrous shwashwa. Vane hyaline uye ane yakawanda intercellular zvacho collagen, asi ane chimiro. Zvisote fibers havana kunzwisisa dandemutande uye dziri pamwe akabatana avakuru mitoro. Ndivo mukobvu, vane simba compressive zvikuru, murombo vakadzorerwa kana epfungwa. Kubva jira akaumba ichi intervertebral discs, kuisa mudzira vadyi mafupa.

mabasa

Nemhaka inokosha biomechanical ehupfumi kuti shwashwa rinenge rakanakira tichisunga zvinoumba nyika zvetsandanyama nemapfupa hurongwa. It anokwanisa kutora zvazviri tensile uye compression nemauto panguva kufamba, noruvara redistribute mutoro kune pamwero kupinza kana kupera.

Shwashwa fomu abrasion nemishonga penyika. Pamwe chete synovial mvura majoini vakadaro kutakura kwenguva refu anogona zvakakodzera kuita mabasa aro.

Nemarunda - haizi shwashwa. Naivowo basa iri kusunga kuna zvinonyatsorehwa gadziriro yacho zvetsandanyama nemapfupa hurongwa. Ivowo ine mwanda kuti collagen fibers, asi mamiriro avo uye vamwe mavambo. The shwashwa mhino, kufema turakiti, nzeve kunze kuti aite zvinoumba uye kutsigira mabasa muri nzvimbo nyoro tishu kuda. Asi kusiyana tsandanyama nemarunda pedyo navo havana mutoro wakadaro.

chaiwo ehupfumi

The kwakavharwa nenyama shwashwa iri midziyo chaizvo duku. Izvi zvinonzwisisika, nokuti simba guru mutoro anokwanisa kuakanganisa. Sezvo Feeds shwashwa connective tishu? Mabasa aya vaifungidzira ne intercellular fuma. The hyaline shwashwa hakuna midziyo ropa. Dzavo kukweshera hukawanika runako yakaoma uye batana. Kudya navo tichiregeredza yacho synovial mvura.

Mvura inofamba vakasununguka chizvaro. Rine ose anodiwa zvinhu kuti muviri. Proteoglycan mu shwashwa zvinoriumba Zvakanakisa sunga mvura. Iye Zvakafanana ane incompressible fuma rinopa Rigidity uye imwe cushioning. With netsapo mvura achipfeka maturo anopararira mhiri intercellular nzvimbo uye zvakanaka kunobvisa kukakavadzana, zvomutadzisa kusingarapiki deformations dzinonetsa.

budiriro

Muviri mukuru 2% youremu weveta shwashwa. Umo dzichiitika uye iyo inoshanda yaitwa? Shwashwa uye mapfupa rinenge riri embryonic nguva haina kusiyaniswa. In Tuvana vasina mapfupa. Vanokurukura kubva shwashwa rinenge uye kuumbwa panguva yokuzvarwa. Asi chikamu chacho uye kwete ossified. Kubva ichi akaumba nzeve, mhino, huro, Árbol sepombi. Uyewo aripo pezvisungo zvenguvo maoko nemakumbo, Hudyu ari pubic pfupa, intervertebral discs, meniscus ibvi.

shwashwa budiriro kunoitika mumatanho dzakawanda. mesenchymal masero okutanga zvakazara nemvura, vakagumisa, kurasikirwa pezvakaitwa uye vanotanga kubudisa fuma kuti chizvaro. Shure ndizvo Kusiyanisa ravo chondrocytes uye chondroblasts. Wokutanga zvakasimba vakapoteredzwa intercellular fuma. In mamiriro ichi, vanogona kugoverana vashomanana nguva. Pashure azvaiitwa rinoumbwa isogenic boka. Masero yasara pamusoro pemvura Mucheka kuva chondroblasts. In muitiro kubudisa chizvaro zvinhu kunoitika kwokupedzisira Kusiyanisa, aumba mamiriro ane akasiyana kupesana kuva mutete pomukombero uye chawo jira.

zera-kufanana kuchinja

Shwashwa basa kuti zvinyama kwevanhu mune nedanho muupenyu. Zvisinei, nokufamba kwenguva uchaona zviratidzo kukwegura; simba tsandanyama nemarunda mapfundo, mukana wokushandiswa wakarasika, yainetseka marwadzo kune ekunze kana apo kujairika mutoro. Izvi kunoonekwa sechinhu vasiri zvaigara. Pakazosvika makore 30-40, zviratidzo angachinja kuva mukuru kana muduku papi, ratova kutanga kukonzera kusanzwa. The kukwegura of articular shwashwa rinenge imhaka kurasikirwa kwayo elasticity. Kurasika elasticity fibers. Mucheka Dries, Nokusunungura.

On a kwakanaka pamusoro makatsemuka kuoneka, zvinova hasha. Kumeso uye nyore zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope hakuchina zvinobvira. Zvakakuvadza micheto vanokura, vanoumba deposits vari zvinyama akaumba osteophytes. Kwakavharwa nenyama shwashwa yakwegura pamwe kuunganidza intracellular karusiyamu munyaya yacho, asi zvinhu zvavo (mhino, nzeve) ari anenge asina hwairatidza.

Vasingadzoreki basa shwashwa uye mapfupa

Kana uye izvi zvinogona sei kuitika? Kazhinji napo chii mashandiro shwashwa. The intervertebral discs, inokosha mashandiro iro kugadzikana uye rutsigiro, kazhinji atadze kushanda zvakanaka kunoitika munguva kukura dystrophic kana chinopedza kwendangariro. Mamiriro anogona kutungamirira vanoshanda kuti, zvichaita kukonzera compression dzakapoterera tishu. Chisingadzivisiki edema, pinched tsinga, kudzvinya midziyo.

Kuti adzorere Kugadzikana, muviri anoedza kugadzirisa dambudziko. The vertebra panzvimbo deformation "kugadziridzwa" kuti mamiriro ezvinhu, inokura muchimiro yepakutanga mhou outgrowths (ndebvu). Zvinoitawo haadi kubatsirwa yakapoteredza zvinyama: kamwe zvakare kuzvimba, kusunga, compression. dambudziko iri omei. Malfunctions osteochondral mudziyo unonzi osteochondrosis.

Mazhinji Kurambidzwa kufamba (varinamire mukukuvara) vanewo kunambwa shwashwa. Kana kunyanyisa mitoro panoda kwakavharwa nenyama fibers ari ine fibrous mwanda, asisiri kudya kazhinji yakaderera basa shwashwa. Synovial Urume yakavhenganiswa zvakaipa, chondrocytes havawani zvinokurisa zvakakwana, somugumisiro haagoni pave zvakakodzera huwandu collagen uye elastin kuti chizvaro.

Mhedziso yakajeka, nokuti kuipa kwemajoini shwashwa vanofanira kugamuchira mutoro makakatanwa yakakwana uye compression. Kuti vave nechokwadi ichi, unofanira kuita maekisesaizi uye kurarama mararamiro utano uye tichishingaira.