Shanduka zvirongwa kunoratidzwa chii zvachose?

In mapurogiramu, rondedzero dambudziko zvakanaka hakuiti kurigadzirisa. Asi chero rondedzero dambudziko anogara pedyo kwayo mhinduro. Algorithmic uye zvirongwa manjemanje ndiri tatamuka akaonekwa anofanana.

Programmers vari kuramba kunzi Developers. Mugumisiro mapurogiramu ndiyo nguva dzose nokurondedzerwa (shanduka + algorithm) nokuti kugadzirisa dambudziko.

In mutauro uye sei raitwa chii - hazvina basa.

A zvishoma bata nyaya

Algorithmic uye zvirongwa pakutanga vakaenda ruoko, asi zvino nzira dzavo diverged. Panguva iyi, vakawanda havasi kukodzera kuyeuka - totaura kutanga. About variables uye algorithms nguva dzose vanofanira pfungwa yakajeka - totaura wechipiri.

Prosperity ano zvirongwa kunonyanya kukonzerwa yeminzwa nzira kuti akapfuura kunzwisisa mashoko, mashoko Rondedzero uye kubudiswa algorithms mune zvirongwa.

mitauro yokutanga zvaiva nyore somunhu yepanchi kadhi, asi vakashanda. Variables, shanduka marudzi, shanduka kuzivisa uye muitiro Rondedzero aiva toughest nzira inodzorwa.

Sezvo ushe, variables vakapesana mu simba (avo kuti kuva anogona kushandurwa) uye kunofambira mberi (chenguva havagoni kuchinjwa,).

Yokutanga chaizvo waiva shanduka kuti mhando Pointer (chiri kubudirira anodikamwa uye "kusingaperi" mutauro - "Assembler"). Havasi mitauro yose vakaramba panguva dzakasiyana, asi mune zvirongwa ano vachishandisa dzapiwa - code pamusoro pakukwana.

Basic mitemo: Ayakaita

The shanduka inofanira riziviswe pamberi kushandiswa wokutanga, uye kakawanda pakutanga chirongwa, uye kunyange kakawanda - muchikamu chaiyo chepurogiramu. The shanduka inofanira kunyorwa nemabhii Latin, kana pasina nhamba. Vamwe mitauro vanobvumira "_" hunhu. zvinofanira kutanga kuva chiratidzo.

Shanduka aiva maitiro chinhu; pakanga kuziva zvinotora nguva yakareba sei mumwe byte mundangariro uye sei kuti vaenzanise pamusoro muganhu shoko, uye ipapo kaviri-shoko.

The yokupedzisira kwaikosha chaizvo kuti akarongeka zvirongwa. Zvakakurukurwa sangano okuyeuka basa yemasvomhu coprocessor programmer aisungirwa kwete chete kutsanangura zvakarurama uye munguva shanduka, asi funga kuti zvichaitwa riri RAM.

Approx. "Nedra" RAM kuwanikwa mapurogiramu ano kakawanda. Kare, kuyeuka sangano arangarira zvakasimba.

Wokutanga date mamiriro - yakatarwa pakati variables - mashandiro ari shanduka ine yakananga semantics, asi vaifanira kuziva kwete chete kuti kuwana kwavo, sei bytes zhinji zvinotora, asi tichiyeuka kuti dzimwe mhando nemashoko ari compiler rwoga rakaparadza pamusoro muganhu shoko.

Zvose izvi zvakaita kuti zvakakomba zvikanganiso zviri zvirongwa. Pakuyeuka nguva idzodzo utsinye, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mitauro yose haabati nguva yavo uye nehasha akapa variables, mifananidzo, mashoko zvivako, zvirongwa uye kukura vakachengeteka syntactic kuzvidzora wokutanga.

Kana chirongwa inopfuudzwa syntactical kuzvidzora uye kubatanidza nokubudirira, kuti Implementation matambudziko vakanga vachangobva kutanga apo chinouraya zvirongwa chikanganiso kana kukundikana midziyo.

Mazuvano, online zvirongwa

Mimwe mitauro zvirongwa kuramba vakaita kuti tsananguro zvakaoma pamusoro variables. Most magwaro description, asi anobvumira kuti kushandura mhando imwe shanduka sezvo zviri nyore kune programmer.

PHP: ari shanduka mune zvirongwa kunoratidzwa chose nezita, kukosha, uye kuti mhando pakuti apo bumbiro uye nguva yava kudiwa. Vamwe vanhu havadi kureva variables ane "$", asi unogona kuva mazita akadai: $ 1, $ 2, $ 3.

Ranges netsika kusapfuudza kutsvakwa muganhu, uye muzvizhinji pangava marudzi. Nokuti vazhinji mabasa hungiso chinoshayikwa, integers, dzimwe nguva chaiyo uye musoro. Chakarurama sezvo kwakadaro hakusi pano, asi mano kuratidza chiratidzo panzvimbo shanduka ikoko.

JavaScript: zvizere shanduka zvirongwa dzinoratidzwa kuti zvinofanira hazvo kurondedzerwa, kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nguva, chete kushaya mutauro description, mukana kuwana chikonzero code kukwana. JavaScript chete hakushande kuti hakukodzeri kupinda nemarongerwo kana akatadza kuzadzika.

The neeSultan ndichaendawo kuburikidza denga, asi zvikuru nevanhu vari lowercase variables.

Zvirongwa mitauro vechigaro Indaneti zvisina kunanga, kureva, C #, C ++, Pascal, Delphi - yakaoma. In C #, haufaniri chete kurondedzera asiwo initialize.

The variables dzinoratidzwa

Chokutanga, hwake zita, kuti izvo mitauro vari kuomesa zvinodiwa. Kana PHP zvechokwadi zviripo $ chiratidzo pamberi shanduka zita, ipapo Java mhiri yezvinoreva chibvumirano. Kazhinji, kana kutumidza variables, kuwedzera pfungwa nemarongerwo, pane yakawanda Developers pfungwa.

Kutanga kunyora imwe mutauro, zvinokosha kuteerera zvinofungwa nevamwe uye murinde ichangobva Pfungwa emirayiridzo iri mutauro maitiro.

Wechipiri mamirire shanduka - kukosha kwayo. Nguva dzose ikoko. Kunyange kana kukosha hakuwaniki - kunokoshawo. A maitiro chinhu: somuenzaniso, PHP zhinji mashandiro, kunoshamisa somugumisiro nhamba anogona kupa mugumisiro boolean - pane kwete mugumisiro?

Type haasi kukosha, zvinokosha kuva, uye vazhinji mazano JavaScript chinozunguzirwa akagutsa nokuvapo tsika, zvisinei kwayo mhando.

Chokupedzisira chinhu kunokosha nokuti, chokwadi, kukosha shanduka.

Basic date mhando

Kazhinji, tsananguro kwenyika, nyika yachinja, pasinei tumitauro uye zvitaera mu kutumidza, kwete zvakawanda rakavapo pachinhu dzinokosha mhando.

Zvikurukuru programmers vanoshandisa tambo (tambo), kazhinji integers (Int, integer), kana zvakakodzera, nhamba chaiyo (kaviri, zvechokwadi), uchiri zvimwe pfungwa chiratidzo (kwaIsakari).

Pro Database (nevaduku), haugoni kutaura, pane nhamba Misiyano iri mhando zvinokosha akapa zviitiko zvose, uye vazhinji Data mhando vari nhaka kubva panguva Ada uye Babbage.

Iye zvino, shanduka yakanakisisa pachayo iri mapurogiramu kunoratidzwa zvachose chaiyo iri, vachifungidzira kuti ayo kukosha, mhando, uye kunyange iye iye ndiye achava pachena chete panguva kana zvichidikanwa.

Variables uye algorithms

Lonely shanduka zvirongwa inozivikanwa nechido kuva nevamwe vakaita kwaari zvachose. Iyi nhoroondo chakajairika, uye hapana pano kunoenderana kuda yokuvaka.

Kana kusikwa chirongwa kunotanga mashoko reference, kunyanya kana ukawana kuvandudza nyanzvi, nokuti iyo yaiti "Algorithmic uye zvirongwa," shoko rokutanga ndiro kupfuura wechipiri, richava guru variables zhinji. Kazhinji pfungwa iyi akamira pamatanho tsananguro variables.

Kana kusikwa chirongwa rinotanga kuongorora wayo chikuru zvinangwa, uye ndicho pfungwa huru dambudziko riri sokugamuchira hwaro, ipapo mikana kuwana nemhaka kushanda zvakakwana.

Tsanangura pfungwa huru uye pave algorithm, namabasa ayo - ichi hachisi shanduka mune zvirongwa, mhando, zita, kukosha uye tsananguro nzvimbo, uye muitiro pakutanga. Chinokosha muitiro kutsanangura variables uye algorithms anoshanda navo.

Zvakakosha racho:

• rakada yokutanga kuna chinangwa;
• Izvi, ongororo uye Specification tsananguro;
• kuti rakada wechipiri kuti chinangwa.

Kazhinji, pashure pokugadzwa netsanangudzo wechipiri newechitatu anouya kunzwisisa apo kutanga. Basa akaenda kubasa.

Rinoratidza rondedzero variables

Not munokosha zvikuru kutanga chirongwa iine kiyi variables: hapana mazita, marudzi uye tsika basa guru. Lonely shanduka date mamiriro, inofa kana kunyange chinhu - chiri Statistical mhinduro yacho dambudziko.

The chinhu muti kurondedzera basa, pane variables, uye algorithms vari encapsulated mune chete chiratidzo - chinhu uye zvose zvinhu zviri vaiita chinhu - chinhu gadziriro - zvakadaro. Ndizvo chaiyo uye panguva chisikwa variables.

variables izvi ingashanda nevezera ravo, asi ndinoonga kuti nhaka neimwe inogona zvinokambaira bazi mhuri muti, kuti ndiye Pointer kuti chii uye kupi pari kushandiswa, uye sei anozviita - rinoshanda, uye anogutsikana yayo chaizvo - kwete. Panyaya iyi, zvirimo rine basa parinotaura, kuti Pointer kunoita inotevera kugutsikana.