Russian unyanzvi mamiziyamu vavo kukosha muupenyu tsika

MuGirisi yekare, nzvimbo ino (Museion) iri rakagara richidudzirwa rwakazvitsaurira kuna afungisisa anoti, uye kazhinji riri pasimwa zvitsvene kana temberi. In mungano, ivo afungisisa anoti vakanga Greek vaichengetedza of Arts, nhetembo, sayenzi - nokudaro pfungwa nzvimbo tsvene, apo vaifanira kukudzwa munzira dzose. The chaizvo iroro rokuti "Museum" anouya kushandiswa panguva Renaissance nguva muEurope. Kune mamiziyamu nemasangano akadana kuvaka kuchengetera hunonyanya mabasa sayenzi uye uri, akasikwa nevanhu.

Chii Art Museum?

Museums takasiyana: dzakaitika uye zvekushandisa, mabhuku uye vakazvitsaurira kuna wakananga madzinza kana nyika, nharaunda kana vanhu. Art mamiziyamu nenzvimbo nzvimbo chaiyo pakati zvose. Pano, somunhu ushe, fukai kuratidza mabasa ounyanzvi - wakaisvonaka uye decoration: mifananidzo uye zvivezwa, rinodhindira uye vanodhirowa, machira uye pamakapeti, Ceramics uye Textiles. Mumamiziyamu ano riri kuitwa kwete chete kuchengetera uye kuratidzwa Exhibits, asiwo avo nzwisisika kudzidza, uyewo kudzorerwa zvivako anokosha hwokudhirowa ukoshi.

Art mamiziyamu yeRussia (Russia)

A zvishoma nhoroondo. Museum bhizimisi Russia ine makore ane chiuru chamazuva. In Kievan Rus Somuenzaniso, mune machechi uye dzimba dzemamongi, uye mamwe maguta zvichengetedzwe Micheka vapfumi, nemidziyo jewelers, mabhuku (zvokunyorwa nemaoko) nendarama anokosha uye sirivha, namatombo anokosha. Uye muchechi sacristy mudzimba akapfuma muunganidzwa. Saka, muna Utatu-rwacho Segiyo Lavra (Sergiev Posad) aiva muunganidzwa emifananidzo uye vakashandisa unyanzvi. Uye kubvira muzana remakore rechi16 vakatanga kuva akapfuma uye dzinonakidza muunganidzwa yeZvombo Chamber muna Kremlin, Moscow. Pairi, tinogona kutaura, uye tinobva Russian unyanzvi mamiziyamu. Yezvombo - dangwe Museum, izvo zviri pamutemo akasikwa muna 1806, asi dziripo kare kare kuti. Zvino iye ndiye chikamu Kremlin mamiziyamu.

Kunstkamera uye pasiri kuunganidza

The Russian paruzhinji miziyamu yokutanga kwazvo zvinogonawo kunzi ari Cabinet pamusoro Curiosities muSt Petersburg, akasikwa ari kutanga pamusoro chevaux Peter Mukuru muna 1714. Rokuizarura kwakaitika muna 1719-m. Zvisinei, Kunstkamera - Museum haasi chaizvo unyanzvi. Pane kunge akapa vamwe pane mabasa ounyanzvi, zvakasiyana-siyana dzinongoitika Exhibits nesayenzi kuti Peter yakawanikwa panguva yenzendo kunze, kana akawana ari mundima Russian. The Kudeuka private kuunganidza aunganidza ari Winter Palace, Tsarskoye tiiviste, Pavlovsk uye Peterhof (mushure chimurenga zvose matunhu aya uye nhare dzakanga nationalized uye kukava uri Museums Russia). Saka akazviratidza Estate Museum Arkhangelskoye, Kuskovo nevamwe.

Hermitage

Art mamiziyamu yeRussia - chinhu chinokosha inokosha kukura tsika munyika. Somuenzaniso, makuru kuunganidza emifananidzo vakanga akatengwa muna 1764, waiva mumwe rokutanga matanho pakusikwa Hermitage muSt Petersburg.

Zvisinei, kutarisa noumhizha panguva iyoyo vasingagoni zvose: kuenda Hermitage, sezvo, zvirokwazvo, uye mune dzakawanda voga kuunganidza kwemazuva iwayo shoma chaizvo. Yakanga chete muzana remakore rechi19 (rechipiri hafu), Vongai kuitwa Russian intelligentsia, izvo wakarwira mbirikira uye kubudirana pachena kuti nemasangano dzakadaro azaruka kuwana pfuma Hermitage uye vamwe private kuunganidza (Pryanishnikova Tretyakov Ostroukhova).

Art mamiziyamu yeRussia: pamazita

1. Yawanikwa Tretyakov Gallery, wokutanga uri miziyamu wokuRussia uri muMoscow remakore rechi19, inogona kuisa nechemberi. Muvambi aiva mutengesi Tretyakov, kungokangaidzwa pfungwa vakadzingwa uye akasika guru muunganidzwa mabasa ounyanzvi. Akaona basa rake somunhu muteresi munyika zvebhizimisi kuva vanhu Russian. Uye iye akanga ari maberere pamusoro isingaenzaniswi nedzimwe simba pamusoro pokumuka realism paguva uye mamwe unyanzvi mhando.
2. Kwete chete yembiru, asiwo mudunhu akavhura Russian unyanzvi mamiziyamu. Zvawanyora anoenderera Saratov Art Museum ainzi pashure Radishchev, akazaruka muna 1885.
3. Muna 1895-9898 gg. anovhura Russian National Art Museum, iyewo akazova riwanikwe zvevoruzhinji.
4. 1912 - Arts Fine Museum muMoscow (zvino - Pushkin).
5. Mushure 1917 chimurenga, vose muduku uye chikuru unyanzvi mamiziyamu yeRussia vava pachena pfuma. The sirogani "Art runobva kuvanhu" napo kushandisa vanhuwo murume, uye mamiziyamu mune uye mudziyo dzidzo rwekuita zvavo. Mazita Russian unyanzvi mamiziyamu vari vaisanganisa nemazita matsva. Izvi zvinosanganisira yenyika maberere uye mamiziyamu muArmenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, kuBaltic States. Kune mumwe miziyamu pamusoro pevairwara uri Palekh, Mstera, pachake miziyamu kuna basa imwe mifananidzo. The chikuru Basa nemasangano aya - ari aesthetic dzidzo vanhu, kudzidza, kudzoreredzwa uye ndichengetedze inokosha Zvivako ounyanzvi.