Life uye Works of Bach

Kubva muzana remakore rechi19 uye kusvikira nhasi hazvirevi abate kufarira mabasa Ioganna Sebastyana Bach. Okugadzira zvinhu risingaenzaniswi shasha kunokanganisa saizi yayo. Munyori mukuru anozivikanwa pasi rose. zita rake rizivikanwe kwete chete nenyanzvi uye vanoda mimhanzi, asi kuti vadzidzi vakaratidza zvishoma kufarira "chakakomba" unyanzvi. Kudivi rimwe, Bach ndiye mumwe mugumisiro. Munyori roswedera zvakaitika vamutangira. Aiziva choral polyphony of Renaissance, yokuGermany nhengo mumhanzi, kunyanya Italian-maitiro gitare. Iye kwazvo kuziva zvinhu zvitsva, akakudziridza uye generalized ruzivo. Ukuwo, Bach aiva consummate innovator, uyo aikwanisa kuvhura tarisiro itsva kukura mumhanzi nyika. Okugadzira zvinhu Ioganna Baha aibatsira pavateveri vake: Brahms, Beethoven, Wagner, Glinka, Taneyev, Honegger, Shostakovich uye vazhinji nevamwe vanyori zvikuru.

The unyanzvi nhaka Bach

Zvaakasika zvinopfuura 1,000 mabasa. Genres kuti paakataura vaiva kupfuura siyana. Uyezve, pane mabasa akadai, pakafunuka zvacho chaizvo kuti nguva. basa Bach inogona kupatsanurwa muzvikwata huru ina Genre:

• Nhego mumhanzi.
• Vocal uye richishanda.
• Music nokuti siyana nhumbi (gitare, nenyere, piyano uye nevamwe).
• Music nokuti paku ensembles.

Nziyo nerimwe pamusoro mapoka anotaura imwe nguva. In neWeimar zvakanzi rakanyorwa dzepamusorosoro nhego nziyo. Ketensky nguva unoratidza Tichitarisa kuwanda kiibhodhi uye orchestral mabasa. In Leipzig, makanyorwa zvikuru dzemanzwi uye dzezviridzwa.

Johann Sebastian Bach. Biography uye basa

Nzvimbo yechizvarirwo of munyori muna 1685 mutaundi duku Eisenach, mumhuri ine mimhanzi. Nokuti zvose zvakanga rudzi zvetsika ounyanzvi hwokugadzira. The mudzidzisi mimhanzi yose Johann rokutanga aiva baba vake. Mukomana akanga inzwi guru uye vaiimba mumakwaya. At 9 makore aiva nherera. Pakafa vabereki vake vakauya Iogann Kristof (mukoma mukuru). Ndava nemakore 15, mukomana sekondari pamwe inokudza Ordrufsky uye akatamira Lüneburg, apo akatanga nokuimba kwaya ari "nevasanagurwa." Kwemakore 17 akadzidza kuridza akasiyana zviridzwa: Viola, harpsichord, nhengo, gitare. yave kugara mumaguta akasiyana 1703: Arnstadt, neWeimar, Mühlhausen. Life uye Works of Bach iyi dzakanga dzizere zvimwe yematambudziko. Ari dzichichinja nzvimbo dzokugara nokuda kusada kunzwa novimba avo kana zvimwe vashandirwi. Zvakabatsira somuimbi (akafanana organist kana violinist). The kushanda zvinhu zvayo nguva dzose vasingaguti. Panguva ino pane nziyo yake yokutanga nokuda piyano nenyere, uyewo cantata pakunamata.

neWeimar kumwedzi

Sezvo 1708 Bach anotanga kushanda sezvo dare organist muna neWeimar Duke. Parallel basa iri kereke mukamuri muimbi. Life uye Works of Bach iyi ndiyo zvibereko chaizvo. Panguva yokutanga compositional pakunamata. Paiva yakanaka nhego mabasa. Ivo:

• Kuvhurira uye Fugue muna C-moll, a-moll.
• Toccata C-Dur.
• Passacaglia C-moll.
• Toccata uye Fugue mu d-moll.
• "Organ bhuku."

Johann Sebastian panguva kushanda mabasa ari cantata Genre kuti transcriptions kuti harpsichord Italian gitare Concerts. First vakwezvwe Genre ari Solo gitare sonatas uye Inn.

Ketensky kumwedzi

Sezvo 1717 ari muimbi kugara Köthen. Pano anotora mukuru-pamwero pambiru musoro yomukati mumhanzi. Iye, chokwadi, iri tichigadzirisa yose marimba upenyu mudare. Asi akanga asina kugutsikana zvishoma guta. Bach chaitwa kutamira kuguta kurei uye zvinovimbisa kuti vana vavo mukana kuenda kuyunivhesiti uye vawane dzidzo yakanaka. In Köthen hwaiva unhu muviri zvaishaikwa uyewo Choir. Naizvozvo, pane anovandudza clavier Bach. Munyori uyewo anoteerera zvikuru Ensemble mumhanzi. Works akanyorwa Köthen:

• Volume 1 "Zvakanaka kutsamwa Clavier".
• Chirungu Suite.
• Sonatas nokuti Solo gitare.
• French Inn.
• "Brandenburg concertos" (zvidimbu nhanhatu).
• "Chromatic Fantasia uye Fugue".

Leipzig uye mumakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake

Sezvo 1723 ari Maestro upenyu muLeipzig, apo akaudza kwaya (vakashanda Cantor) ari kuchikoro kweChechi St. Thomas muna Tomasshule. Zvinotora Zvinoshingaira ari kunharaunda yevanondida mumhanzi. "College" guta nguva dzose inoshanyirwa Concerts rokunyika mumhanzi. Chii ounyanzvi panguva kukasawedzerwa Bach? Muchidimbu munokosha achitaura zvikuru mabasa Leipzig nguva, izvo zvinogona zvakarurama kunzi yakanakisisa. Ivo:

• "St. John Passion".
• Misa H-moll.
• "St. Matthew Passion".
• About 300 cantatas.
• "Krisimasi Oratorio".

Mumakore achangopfuura, upenyu wenziyo chinotaura pamusoro pakunyora nziyo. Anonyora kuti:

• Volume 2 "Zvakanaka kutsamwa Clavier".
• Italian Concerto.
• Partita.
• "Unyanzvi ari Fugue."
• Aria pamwe zvakasiyana siyana.
• Nhego Misa.
• "Musical Chinopiwa".

Pashure kundikana kushanda Bach akaenda bofu, asi kurega kunyora nziyo kusvikira parufu rwake.

mamirire Style

Style Bach yakaumbwa pahwaro mumhanzi nezvikoro uye Genres. Johann Sebastian organically dzakarukwa kupinda mabasa avo zvakanaka harmonies. Kuti kunzwisisa mutauro zvokuridza kuItaly uye French Vanyori, iye rewrote nziyo dzavo. zvaakasika dzakanga dzizere mashoko, mutinhimira uye siyana French uye Italian music, North German contrapuntal werudzii, uyewo Lutheran yokunamata. Kwetunhu zvakasiyana siyana siyana uye Genres Nyatsobatanidzwai pamwe kwakadzika shrill dzevanhu zvakaitika. Pfungwa yake marimba chaiyo kusiyana, pakawanda uye vamwe yepasi pose vakamira panze. Bach okugadzira zvinhu anoreva manyorero kuti hwanyatsogadzwa mu unyanzvi mumhanzi. Izvi yakakwirira Baroque classicism. For Bach zvekuimba manyorerwo kunoratidzwa nhaka hunoshamisa melodic gadziriro, uko mimhanzi hunodzorwa huru pfungwa. Nokuda hutenzi counterpoint uri anogona dyidzana nziyo panguva imwe chete dzakawanda. Munyori German aiva mwene polyphony kwechokwadi. Yaiva yokusafa katsika tsvagiridza uye penya virtuosity.

Huru Genres

Bach okugadzira zvinhu zvinosanganisira siyana kwakajairika Genres. Ivo:

• Cantatas uye oratorios.
• Passion uye Misa.
• Preludes uye Fugues.
• Choral kugadzira.
• Dance Suite uye Concerts.

Chokwadi, dzakanyorwa Genres iye chikwereti kubva vamutangira. Zvisinei, akavapa yakafarikana dzose. Maestro akanyepera achiudza akavapa itsva navarongo uye anotaurisa nzira, iye wakapfumisa zvinoitwa nevamwe Genres. Muenzaniso mukuru ndiye "Chromatic Fantasia mu D zviduku." Mifananidzo kusikirwa clavier, asi rine zvinoshamisa kungodzokorora chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo mavambo uye kuratidza zvivako makuru nhego improvisations. Zviri nyore kuona kuti basa Bach kuti "haana kuti" dhanzi, izvo, sezvinei, aiva mumwe vaitungamirira Genres nguva yake. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vazhinji yokunyika cantata munyori yakaoma kusiyanisa kubva comedic interludes (panguva ino Italy vari regenerated mu dhanzi buffa). Vamwe Bach cantatas, akasikwa mudzimu witty Genre mifananidzo, akatangira yokuGermany Singspiel.

The Pfungwa kugutsikana uye kuwanda kwezvifananidzo Ioganna Sebastyana Bach

munyori wacho okugadzira zvinhu akapfuma kwayo yokufananidzira kugutsikana. Kubva chinyoreso kubva tenzi sechinhu zvikuru nyore uye zvikuru chikuru zvisikwa. Bach Art rine nyore zvinosetsa uye kusuruvara zvikuru, uye kufungisisa kwouzivi uye rikwanise kunoshamisa. Genius Johann Sebastian mimhanzi yake akaratidza zvakadaro zvinokosha zvinoumba yaitonga yake, sezvo matambudziko zvechitendero uye dzouzivi. Achibatsirwa zvinoshamisa machemero nyika, iye anoyeuka nokusingaperi uye anokosha chaizvo mibvunzo muupenyu hwevanhu:

• About tsika basa romunhu.
• About basa rake ino uye kuenda.
• The upenyu uye rufu.

Mafungiro aya chokuita zvakananga nyaya dzechitendero. Izvi hazvishamisi. Munyori zvinenge zvose ake upenyu vakashumira pachechi, saka vazhinji mumhanzi wake uye akanyora. Panguva iyoyowo, akava mutendi, aiziva magwaro. Ake bhuku rakanga Bhaibheri rakanyorwa mumitauro miviri (Latin uye German). Iye akabata mbiru kureurura, akaramba mazuva matsvene. Mazuva mashoma asati afa, akatora neChirairo. The chikuru gamba ari wenziyo ndiye Iisus Hristos. Izvi mufananidzo yakanaka Bach akaona pachake akaisvonaka unhu murume, rucheno pfungwa, simba kwomudzimu, kuvimbika kune nzira akasarudzwa. Rwokuzvibayira chiito chaJesu Kristu kuti vanhu vaponeswe chaiva Bach Zvinoburukira mukati-kati. Mubasa munyori, musoro wenyaya rinokosha.

Chirevo Bach

Munguva Baroque nguva paiva chiridzwa Chirevo. Kuburikidza Rinozivisa nyika munyori yakaoma uye anoshamisa. chaionekwa mumhanzi Bach nokuramba vakararama somunhu yakajeka uye yakajeka kutaura. Izvi imhaka pamberi imomo mudanga melodic majana, achitaura zvimwe manzwiro uye pfungwa. Kwakadaro ruzha Masvomhu dzinonzi mimhanzi-isina mhinduro nenhamba. Vamwe akapfuura zvazvinoita vamwe vakatevedzera intonation dzevanhu kutaura, vamwe vaipfeka iconic hunhu. Heano mamwe acho:

• anabasis - Climbing;
• circulatio - kutenderera;
• catabasis - anoburukira;
• exclamatio - Kudanidzira, achifumira yechitanhatu;
• fuga - achimhanya;
• passus duriusculus - Chromatic Chokwadi, kushandiswa kutaura kutambura kana kushungurudzika;
• suspiratio - vanogomera;
• tirata - kuwedzera.

Zvishoma nezvishoma rira isina mhinduro apa muri rudzi "zviratidzo" zvimwe pfungwa uye manzwiro. Somuenzaniso, kurova kworuoko nhamba catabasis aiwanzoshandisa wokushandura kuchema, kusuruvara, marwadzo, rufu, zvinhu muguva. Zvishoma nezvishoma kumusoro kufamba (anabasis) raishandiswa mashoko ari kukwira kudenga, asi yakakwirira mweya uye zvimwe zvinhu. Motifs, vatambi vari kuchengetwa ose mabasa wenziyo. Mumabasa Bach kuti dzaitongwa echiPurotesitendi chorale, kuti izvo Maestro akataura muupenyu hwake. Iyewo ane zvaanoreva yokufananidzira. Kushanda pamwe dau yakaitwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana Genres - cantatas, Passion, preludes. Saka, zvine musoro kwazvo, kuti muRoma chorale chinhu chinokosha mutauro Bach zvekuimba. Pakati zvinokosha vatambi anowanikwa Music vemifananidzo, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa akatsiga mubatanidzwa mazwi kuti kuramba tsika. Mumabasa Bach kuti dzaitongwa chiratidzo chomuchinjikwa. Inoitwa ina dzakasiyana mirayiridzo mimhanzi. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti kana decrypt munyori zita (Bach) manotsi, ipapo mufananidzo chete kwakajeka. B - Flat B, A - A, C - kuti, H - B. A mupiro zvikuru kukura kurira Bach vatambi vane Vatsvakurudzi akadai F. Busoni, A. Schweitzer, M. Yudin, B. Jaworski nevamwe.

"Kuberekwa Second"

Mumakore upenyu Sebastian Bach haana anoongwa. vaairarama kumuziva zvakawanda somunhu organist pane munyori. On zvakanyorwa rimwe chete bhuku chakakomba. mashoma akabudiswa hombe nhamba mabasa ake. Pakafa zita munyori rakanga kukanganwika, uye kupona zvinyorwa vakaungana guruva zvakanga zvakachengetedzwa. Zvimwe tingada kuita zvakanaka havazivi munhu uyu shasha. Asi, sezvinei, hazvina kuitika. vanonyatsofarira Bach akazviratidza remakore rechi19. Kamwe Mendelssohn zvinowanikwa muraibhurari mimhanzi, "St Matthew Passion", raakanga aifarira chaizvo. Under Kutarisira yake, basa iri vakabudirira kwakaitwa muna Leipzig. vateereri vazhinji vakafara nenziyo achiri muduku-anozivikanwa munyori. Tinogona kutaura kuti izvi zvakanga kuberekwa Johann Sebastian Bach rechipiri. Muna 1850 (the rechi100 gore munyori afa) Bach kwakaita Society rakaumbwa muna Leipzig. Chinangwa sangano ichi chaiva Bhuku Bach zvinyorwa zvinowanikwa muchimiro mabasa rakakwana. Somugumisiro, mavhoriyamu 46 kunge zviunganidzwe.

Nhego Bach. pfupiso

Nhengo Munyori akasika shasha chigadzirwa. Izvi sechekushandisa Bach - chimwe chinhu chaicho. Pano akakwanisa bongozozo vavo pfungwa, manzwiro uye manzwiro, uye kuunza izvi zvose kuti muteereri. Nokudaro kusangana mitsara, konzati, virtuosity, zvinoshamisa mifananidzo. Nziyo kusikirwa muviri, nowenyika tuore kupenda. Vose nechipiriso kunyanya pedyo kupota. Mavambo, Toccata uye muchimuka vakachengeta pathetic marimba mifananidzo iri vakasununguka, improvisational siyana. Fougamou kuri mumashoko imwe virtuosity uye yakasimba kwazvo kukura. Nhengo Bach transmits yakakwirira nhetembo kuti mashoko ake uye pamwero mukuru kunoshamisa improvisations.

Kusiyana clavier mabasa, nhengo fugues yakakura kuvandudzwa uye kugutsikana. The kwebasa mufananidzo mimhanzi uye ayo kukura kutora nzvimbo pamwe kuwedzera basa. The nekutumirwa kwemauto of akurukurwa muchimiro akaturikidzana makuru akaturikidzana mimhanzi, asi chaiwo discrete hunhu uye hakuna hwatsvuka. Mukupesana, hunodzorwa chamazuva (kuramba kufamba). mutsara mumwe rinobva yaivapo pamwe kuwedzera voltage. Just kuvakwa uye pfungwa. Emotional pakupedzisira simuka kusvika yakakwirira kunosimudzirwa. Bach ndiye munyori wokutanga uyo akazviratidza mitemo symphonic chiitiko makuru siyana paku polyphonic mumhanzi. Nhengo Bach sokunge inowira nematanda maviri. Chokutanga - kunotungamirira, toccata, fugue, kufungidzira (guru mumhanzi kutenderera). Wechipiri - chikamu chimwe-chorale preludes. Akanyorwa zvikurukuru tichitarisa mukamuri. Anoratidza vakawanda lyrical mifananidzo: rakapfava, kusuruvara uye sublimely kufungisisa. The yakanakisisa Mabasa kuti nhengo Ioganna Sebastyana Bach - Toccata uye Fugue ari D zviduku, mavambo uye Fugue mu A zviduku, uye mamwe mabasa mazhinji.

Anoshandira Harpsichord

Paainyorera nziyo Bach akavimba zvakaitika zvavo vamutangira. Asi pano, akaratidza kuva innovator. Clavier Bach kunoratidzwa scale, asina pakawanda, kutsvaka nzira kutaura. Akatanga akanzwa Vanyori pakawanda kuti chokushandisa ichi. In kunyora mabasa ake, akanga asingatyi kuedza nekuita kupfuura chinzvimbo pfungwa uye zvirongwa. Paainyorera yaitungamirirwa yose nyika mumhanzi. Nemhaka yake zvinoyevedza nzira Clavier kunowedzera chaizvo. Anopfumisa itsva chiridzwa virtuoso unyanzvi uye kushandura musimboti zvenziyo mifananidzo.

Pakati mabasa ake kuti nhego huru:

• Two-inzwi uye-chikamu matatu zvigadzirwa.
• "Chirungu" uye "French" Suite.
• "Chromatic Fantasia uye Fugue".
• "Zvakanaka kutsamwa Clavier".

Saka, basa Bach kwakaita chinokushamisa wayo akamboona. Munyori ari kuzivikanwa munyika yose. mabasa ake kuti tifunge uye fungisisa. Kuteerera nziyo dzake, involuntarily achinyatsotaurira pavo, kufungisisa kukosha kukuru, chavangave. Genres, iyo Maestro akataura muupenyu hwake, aiva dzakasiyana chaizvo. Izvi Nhengo mumhanzi, nziyo dzemanzwi uye dzezviridzwa kuti siyana nhumbi (gitare, nenyere, piyano uye nevamwe) uye nokuda paku ensembles.