Russian muganhu mugungwa. Miganhu yacho Russian Federation

Russia ndiyo nyika huru munyika yose. nharaunda waro uchibata mamiriyoni 17.1 mativi mamita. State iri kondinendi Eurasian. Russia ine kumwero mukuru kubva kumavirira kusvikira kumabvazuva, saka kumatunhu ayo pane chinokosha nguva musiyano.

Miganhu yacho Russian Federation

Tsika, muganhu zveupfumi uye dzimwe Russian wakaiswa kunze yaimbova Soviet Union, iro pacharo rakasiyana kutanga. Pashure pokuwa kweSoviet Union, vose Kishi nyika takatarisana nechinetso chakakomba. Kune rumwe rutivi pasi kusawirirana yokupira uye mari hurongwa akavamanikidza kuvhara nzvimbo zvoupfumi, asi idzva pamuganhu inoti mitsetse havana nezvatakarerekera dzemadzinza tsika miganhu, uye vanhu havana kuda kugamuchira zvavakatemerwa muganhu kurambidzwa, uye Chikurukuru - Russia akakonewa zvakadaro pfupi kupedza demarcation uye zvinobva ouinjiniya ezvirevo. Uyewo, dambudziko guru raiva pakagadzwa tsika pfungwa.

Description of ehurumende miganhu

Kureba miganhu Russia inosvika 60 zviuru makiromita, izvo 40.000? Km vari pamuganhu gungwa. Economic mugungwa nzvimbo munyika iri muna 370 makiromita kubva mumhenderekedzo yegungwa mapazi. Pangava matare mamwe inoti nokuti dzokubudisa kuti zviwanikwa. Western uye kumaodzanyemba kumuganhu Russian Federation - kunyanya nyika, yokumusoro uye kumabvazuva - kunyanya gungwa. Chokwadi chokuti miganhu Russia vane kumwero zvakadaro, imhaka guru kukura munharaunda yayo uye unevenness chimiro seashores mitsetse Pacific, kweArctic uye Atlantic nyanza, izvo wash kumativi matatu.

Russian Nyika Muganhu

In kumavirira uye kumabvazuva munyika nyika miganhu vari zvinoverengeka chaiwo kusiyana. In pre-echimurenga Russia vakanga aionekwa dzinongoitika miganhu. Sezvo mamiriro rakawedzerwa, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti zvimwe kugadzirisa miganhu yamakungwa uye nyika. Panguva iyoyo munzvimbo dzakati vakawanda kuti mukuru Kuzivikanwa inofanira kuzivikanwa pachena - ichi chingaitika seri, rwizi uye zvichingodaro. Asi Nzvimbo ichi pane kunyanya kurutivi rwokumabvazuva wenyika wokumaodzanyemba.

Kumadokero uye kumaodzanyemba-vokumadokero kumiganhu ehurumende nyika

Modern mitsetse kumadokero uye kumaodzanyemba-vokumadokero miganhu Russia dzakabuda chikamu munhu vatambi munyika. Maererano mukuru pamwero ndiyo yaiona miganhu kuti vaimbova anopfuyiwa. Vakanga kushanda vasiri chaivo zvinhu. Saka yakaumbwa muganhu wokuRussia pamwe muPoland uye Finland.

Russian nyika miganhu vanewo guru pamwero. Pashure pokuwa Union of nhamba vavakidzani kumbochinja. Vanosvika gumi. With Japan uye United States ine chete Russian miganhu gungwa. Asi panguva Soviet nguva munyika miganhu vasere chete inoti, vamwe mitsetse pakati inoti vaionekwa nechomukati, uye vakanga ndokunge. Kuchamhembe-kumadokero kumuganhu wokuRussia neZvapupu Finland uye Norway.

Status wehurumende anenge pamutemo vagamuchira muganhu wokuRussia pamwe kuEstonia, Latvia uye Lithuania. Pamwe kumadokero uye kumaodzanyemba-yokumadokero pamuganhu kuUkraine uye Belarus vari. Kumaodzanyemba kwenyika pamuganhu pamwe Georgia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Republic of vokuTuva, Altai, Buryatia. Kwazvo rwezasi-kumabvazuva Russian Primorye Territory iri bordered ne North Korea. Muganhu mutsetse - 17 chete? Km.

Muganhu nyika kuchamhembe

Russian muganhu nepagungwa kuchamhembe uye kumabvazuva kunyika iri makiromita 12 kubva nemhenderekedzo. Maererano gungwa wokuRussia Miganhu munyika 12. Northern miganhu nomumvura kweArctic Ocean - segungwa Kara, nenyanza yeLaptev, Gungwa Barents, East Siberian uye chukchi. Mukati kweArctic Ocean, kubva Russian kumhenderekedzo uye kukwira kusvikira North Pole, ndiwo nemauto kweArctic. Zvinonzi parinoperera zvimiso mitsetse kubva kumavirira Rybachy Peninsula uye kumabvazuva chitsuwa Ratmanova kuna North Pole. Polar pfuma - hama izwi, uye miganhu mvura nemauto Russian hadzisi, unogona chete kutaura pamusoro nenhumbi mvura kweArctic mvura.

Muganhu wokumabvazuva Russian

Muganhu gungwa pakati Russia uye ayo okumabvazuva chikamu ichipfuura mvura mumakungwa Pacific. Mhiri munyika pfupi vavakidzani ndivo US uye Japan. With Japan miganhu Russian muna La Perouse Strait, uye muna Bering Strait - pamwe United States (pakati chitsuwa Ratmanova, uyo ari Russian, uye Kruzenshtern, hurumende-anazvo). Mune Chukotka Peninsula, Alaska, Kamchatka uye Aleutian Islands Sea Bering iri. Pakati Kamchatka Peninsula, chitsuwa Hokkaido, ari Kuril uye Sakhalin ndiye Gungwa Okhotsk.

Yokumaodzanyemba Sakhalin uye Primorye Territory Ndashambidza paGungwa Japan. All makungwa ose Far East, izvo Russia ine muganhu nepagungwa, aoma -oma. Uye Okhotsk, kunyange kufungisisa chokwadi kuti chikamu charo iri kumaodzanyemba yakafanana, ndiyo yakanyanya panyaya iyi. Kuchamhembe-dzokumadokero chikamu ya echando nguva mazuva 280 pagore. Nokuda guru kukura makungwa kumabvazuva Russian mutsetse kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba yacho okunze munyika zvakasiyana-siyana.

Muchirimo, mu Gungwa Japan kuuya madutu, izvo hwakazara kuparadza kukuru. Musi Pacific pamhenderekedzo iri kwayo seismically vanoshingaira zvikamu kuitika aiparadza Tsunami yokuvamba somugumisiro romumhenderekedzo yegungwa uye pasi pemvura kwenyika.

Zvinetso nomuganhu Russia

Maritime kumiganhu Russia uye United States zvino muchimucherechedza, asi kare pane matambudziko muganhu vaiva. Russian Empire muna 1867, vakatengesa Alaska kuti madhora mamiriyoni manomwe. Pane zvimwe zvinetso zviri tsanangudzo kumiganhu yenyika muna Bering Strait. Pane matambudziko muRussia uye Japan, kudenha zvitsuwa Muduku Kuril Ridge, zvachose nharaunda 8548,96 mativi mamita. ? km. The nharo pamusoro kuruzhinji mvura nzvimbo uye nharaunda yose Russian Federation nzvimbo mativi makiromita zviuru mazana matatu, kusanganisira upfumi mapazi yegungwa uye zvitsuwa zviri akapfuma zvomugungwa uye hove, uye pasherefu mapazi ane reserves mafuta.

Muna 1855, chibvumirano yakanga yakasainwa, maererano izvo Minor Kuril Islands akachengetedza Japan. Muna 1875, Japan zvinofamba zvose Kurile Islands. Muna 1905, pahwaro Russian-Japanese hondo yakanga yakasainwa Portsmusky chibvumirano uye Russia ceded kuJapan kumaodzanyemba Sakhalin. Muna 1945, apo Japan akasaina kuita isiyo kusarenda, chitsuwa Sakhalin uye Kuril Islands yakava chikamu Soviet Union, asi nyika yavo haina rinorondedzerwa Chibvumirano 1951 (San Francisco). The divi Japanese vakati kuti South Kuril Islands - chikamu Japan, uye havana ukama kuti chibvumirano pakati 1875 sezvo vasiri chikamu Kuril cheni, uye chokuita zviwi Japanese, uye nokuti chibvumirano nemasaini San Francisco , havasi akafukidzwa.

Kumadokero Muganhu ehurumende

Gungwa rokumavirira muganhu pamwe Russia rinobatanidza nyika ine nyika dzakawanda muEurope. It anoudzawo mvura yeGungwa reBaltic, raiva yeAtlantic Ocean uye anoumba kumhenderekedzo Russia bays. Vakaisa zvengarava Russian. MuGulf of Finland ndiro guta guru reRussia kuchamhembe - St. Petersburg - uye Vyborg. On a mutero yoRwizi Vistula the lagoon Prelog ndiye Kaliningrad. Close Novoluzhsky chiteshi inovakwa panguva pamuromo Luga River. The Sea reBaltic haadi -oma chete nemhenderekedzo ari Kaliningrad nharaunda. Izvi gungwa Muganhu Russian pamepu rinobatanidza nyika (mhiri kwegungwa) pamwe nyika dzakadai Poland, Germany uye Sweden.

muganhu Southwest

South-dzokumadokero chikamu Russia okumavirira neDare Azov, Black uye reCaspian makungwa. Maritime miganhu kweGungwa Dema ape Russia kuwana Mediterranean. In Tsemesskaya Bay anomira chengarava Novorossiysk. The Taganrog Bay - Taganrog chiteshi. Guta Sevastopol ndomumwe yakanakisisa bays. Azov uye Gungwa Black vari zvikuru kutakurirwa Links pamwe kunyika Russia Kunze muEurope uye reMediterranean. Uyewo nepagungwa kumuganhu Russian Federation neZvapupu Georgia uye Ukraine. Kumaodzanyemba kweGungwa reCaspian Anodiridza nomuganhu Kazakhstan uye Azerbaijan.

Somugumisiro, muganhu wokuRussia mune kuwedzera kupfuudza dzinongoitika miganhu: makomo, uye nzizi. Pamusanapekushanduka izvi kuoma dzomunyika vokukurukura (makomo marefu, mazitombo echando, gungwa uye zvichingodaro). Vamwe, nekusiyana, aisimudzira pamwe nevavakidzani vayo uye kubvumira akarara rwizi uye nyika dzakawanda nzira, kusika upfumi nzvimbo.

Extreme pfungwa Russia

Kuchamhembe yokunyanyisa ndezvokuti Cheliuskin Cape, riri pamusoro Tajmyr kweItari. Panguva vazviparadzanise nevamwe ndezvokuti Fligely Cape, inova chimwe pazvitsuwa Franz Josef rezvitsuwa - Rudolph. Panguva kumaodzanyemba nguva ndiyo penyika kuCaucasus wemakomo eJudhiya, kumadokero - muzvidimbu Sandy mate Sea reBaltic, kumabvazuva - Cape Dezhnev on chukchi Peninsula.

Zvakakurukurwa nzvimbo yomugariro Russia

Vazhinji nyika iri dzinodziya latitudes, asi kuchamhembe iri mune utsinye ezvinhu kweArctic. The ndima Russia akapfuma siyana zviwanikwa dzinowanikwa yakawanda. The nyika anopindura nzvimbo unoenda munyika kukura uye nzvimbo munyika. Russian dondo nharaunda rinosvika hectares manomwe mamiriyoni zana.

Kuoma kukura nyika kunokosha chaizvo zvose kubva zvoupfumi nemaonero uye kudzivirira. Mundima Russian Federation ane kupfuura kukura pamapani panyika. Izvi West Siberian uye Russian (Eastern European) Plain. Hwokumusoro nzvimbo munyika sei mhepo negurumwandira kweArctic Ocean. The ndima Russia akapfuma siyana zvicherwa uye zvicherwa. Zvinonzi dzichiitika vanenge 40% of munyika simbi mhangura reserves. Nzvimbo huru minda uye akapfuma deposits nemhangura esimbi anonzi Ural uye Ural nharaunda. Pano, kuMiddle Urals, pane deposits anokosha akadai neemaradhi, Ruby, neametisi. Uye mumwe dzinonakidza chepfungwa nyika ndechokuti riri mune zvose nzvimbo dzinodengenyeka kuchamhembe hemisphere, kunze dzinopisa.