Russian Far East. The guta Far East Russian (mazita)

The ndima Russian Far East ari - iri nenzvimbo nzvimbo kuti zvinosanganisira nzvimbo iri nembiya nzizi kuti dzinoyerera kupinda Pacific Ocean. Naivowo inosanganisira Kuril, Shantarsky zvakare Islands, Sakhalin Island uye Wrangel. Mamwe mashoko vachapiwa zvinotsanangurwa muchikamu ichi Russian Federation, uyewo mamwe maguta Russian Far East ari (mazita makurusa ichapiwa mundima).

uwandu hwevanhu

The ndima Russian Far East ari ndiyo vakatapudzika munyika. Zviri musha vanenge mamiriyoni 6.3. Man. Izvi zvinomiririra anenge 5% of vanosvika Russian vanogara. Mumakore 1991-2010 vagari rakadzika ne 1,8 mln. People. With Panyaya mwero kwouwandu hwevanhu kuFar East, vari Primorsky Territory, iye -3,9, muna Republic of Sakha - 1,8, nechirongo - 0,7, kuti Khabarovsk Territory - 1.3, musi Sakhalin - 7.8, muna Magadan dunhu - 17.3, ari Amur nharaunda. - 6, Kamchatka nharaunda - 6.2, muna Chukotka mudunhu - 14.9. Kana kuenderera kuitika mu Chukotka anoramba pasina vemo pamusoro 66 makore, uye Magadan - kuburikidza 57.

zvidzidzo

Russian Far East ndokwenguva nzvimbo 6169,3 zviuru makiromita. Izvi vanenge 36% yose nyika. Kazhinji kune East Far zvinosanganisira Trans-Baikal nharaunda. Izvi imhaka nzvimbo yomugariro ake, uyewo basa yokutama. Administratively akakamurwa zvinotevera kumatunhu ari Far East: Amur, Magadan, Sakhalin, wechiJudha zvionera Region, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk Territory. Senzira DFO varipowo Primorsky Krai, Chukotka.

Nhoroondo Far East kuRussia

Mugore 1-2 chemakore BC, kuti Amur nharaunda yaigarwa nemadzinza siyana. Vanhu Far East Russia nhasi hazvirevi vanosiyana-siyana zvakadai, sezvo zvakaita mumazuva iwayo. Vagari ipapo yaisanganisira Dauria Udeghes, Nivkh, Evenk, Nanai, Orochi, uye zvichingodaro. The huru sika vokuparidzira vakanga hove uye kuvhima. Misha kupfuura yekare Primorye, izvo ndezvaJehovha Paleolithic yaitonga, dzakafukurwa pedyo munharaunda Nakhodka. Muna Stone Age iri munharaunda Kamchatka akagadzirisa Itelmen, Koryak uye Ainu. Pakazosvika pakati pezana remakore XIX ikoko vakatanga kuonekwa Evenki. Muzana XVII remakore hurumende yeRussia vakatanga kuwedzera kuSiberia uye kuFar East. 1632 raiva gore nheyo Yakutsk. Under utungamiriri Cossack Semyon Shelkovnikova pamhenderekedzo yeGungwa Okhotsk yakanga yakarongwa nokuda kari 1647. Nhasi, nzvimbo iyi chengarava Russian - Okhotsk. Kukura Far East reRussia mberi. Saka, pakazosvika pakati XVII remakore vatsvakurudzi Khabarov uye Poyarkov akasvika kumaodzanyemba kubva Yakutsk burg. On yenzizi Amur uye Zeya vakasangana madzinza vairipa mutero kuna Chinese Qing hwedzinza. Somugumisiro, wokutanga kurwisana Nerchinsk chibvumirano chakanga yakasainwa pakati penyika mbiri. Maererano Cossacks rakanga zvakaitika Qing Empire mudunhu yakaumbwa pamusoro nyika Albazinskogo province. Maererano chibvumirano vakatsunga nedzenyu uye zvokutengeserana ukama. pasi chibvumirano pamuganhu vakamhanya kuchamhembe murwizi. Gorbitz anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri of Amur bheseni. Kusava akaramba ari mumunda yeGungwa Okhotsk. Nerazgranichennymi vaiva nzvimbo pakati anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri uye Taykansky Kivun. Pakazopera Cossacks Russian XVII remakore uye Kozyrevsky Atlasov tsvakurudzo chakatangwa Kamchatka Peninsula. In yokutanga yezana XVIII remakore zvakanzi wakazopinzwa Russia.

XVIII remakore

Muna 1724, musi Kamchatka Peninsula, Peter ndakatuma rwendo wokutanga. Iye vakananga yayo Vitus Bering. Nemhaka basa nevatsvakurudzi Russian sayenzi ane mashoko anokosha pamusoro nechokumabvazuva kweSiberia. Izvi, kunyanya, ari ano Magadan uye Kamchatka kumatunhu. Kune Makadhi matsva anotsanangurwa zvakajeka Coordonatele of Far Eastern mhenderekedzo Strait, iyo gare gare ainzi Gungwa Bering. rwendo rwechipiri hwakagadzwa muna 1730. Iye akatungamirira Chirikov uye Bering. Basa kunorwa kwaiva kusvika pamhenderekedzo America. Kufarira, zvikurukuru, aimiririra Alaska uye Aleutian Islands. Studies pamusoro Kamchatka ari XVIII remakore zvakavharwa kuroorana chichagov, Steller, Krasheninnikov.

XIX remakore

Panguva iyi, zvakatanga kushingaira kusimudzira Russian Far East ari. Izvi zvakabatsira zvikuru kwakaderera ari Qing Empire. Iye muna 1840 chaibatanidzwa chinodhaka War 1. Military akavhiyiwa kundorwa nehondo akabatana France neEngland muna Guangzhou uye Macau zvinoda zvinhu guru uye nevanhu zvinhu. In kuchamhembe China akaramba rakapotsa pasina nebutiro ichi uye kubiridzira Russia. Iye, pamwe nemamwe masimba European, akatora mugove chikamu kwakaderera ari Qing Empire. Muna 1850, panguva pamuromo Amur yagara refutenendi Nevel. Ikoko akavaka rechiuto mumhanyi. Nechokwadi chokuti hurumende Qing haana akapora kubva zvinokonzerwa chinodhaka Hondo uye akabatanidza avo mabasa dzakatanga Taiping Kupandukira, uye, naizvozvovo, kwete kupa mukana wakakwana achipindura Zvinotaurwa Russia, Nevel anosarudza kuzivisa pemhenderekedzo Tatar Tariro Island uye muromo Amur mudzimba pfuma. Muna 1854, 14 May, Count Muraviev, ane mashoko vakagamuchira kubva Nevelsk, kusavapo vezvikwata China vemauto rakarongeka rwizi Rafting. The rwendo yaiva steamer "Argun", 29 floats, 48 zvikepe uye vanenge 800 vanhu. Panguva chiwanikwa munitions, mauto uye zvokushandisa vakaponeswa. Part nemauto vakaenda Sea Kamchatka kusimbisa boka ravarwi Petro naPauro. Vamwe vakanga kutengeswa pamusoro aimbova ndima Amur nharaunda yacho Chinese tsvakurudzo urongwa. ari chiwanikwa yechipiri yakaitwa papera gore. Rakanga wakapindwa vanenge zviuru 2.5 vanhu. Pakazopera 1855, anoverengeka misha dzakarongwa dzapasi kunosvika of Amur River: Sergeevskoe, Novo-Mikhailovsky, Bogorodskoye, Irkutsk. Muna 1858 rworudyi pamahombekombe kwaitanga akanga yakatora kuRussia sezvakatenderanwa Aigun Treaty. Kazhinji, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Russia wokuti kuFar East haana hwehasha hunhu. Agreement akasaina nevamwe inoti pasina kushandisa simba rechiuto.

nzvimbo

Far East kweRussia kwazvo kumaodzanyemba nomuganhu North Korea, kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva Japan. Kwazvo kumusoro-kumabvazuva Bering Strait - pamwe United States. Mumwe State, izvo muganhu kuFar East (Russia) - China. Kuwedzera yaiona, pane mumwe weboka DFO. Saka, vanonzi kwadzo dzoga wokuRussia Far East ari. Iyi nzvimbo nokururamisira guru. North-Eastern Siberia, okutanga anenge anoenderana nechokumabvazuva Yakutia (gomo nzvimbo kumabvazuva Aldan uye Lena). North Pritihookeanskaya nyika - the mapazi wechipiri. Chinosanganisira kumabvazuva chikamu reMagadhani Region., Chukotka zvionera District, kuchamhembe chikamu Khabarovsk Territory. Kwariri kunosanganisirawo Kuril Islands uye Kamchatka. The Kuronga Amur-Sakhalin nyika vari EAO Amur nharaunda., The kumaodzanyemba kwenyika Khabarovsk Territory. Uyewo, rinoreva Sakhalin Island uye Primorsky Krai. In Central neSouth kuSiberia, Yakutia zvinosanganisira, Kuwedzera kwayo nechokumabvazuva.

Climate

Zvinofanira kunzi Russian Far East ari ane zvakanaka guru pamwero. Izvi inotsanangura inokosha okunze musiyano. Yose Yakutia uye Magadan kumatunhu ari Kolyma nharaunda Somuenzaniso, rinooneka Continental rikunde. Uye kumaodzanyemba-mabvazuva - monsoon mhando okunze. Musiyano uyu pakutsvaga kukurukurirana pamusoro zvomumvura uye Continental mhepo vakawanda vari unozvidzora latitudes. Kumaodzanyemba kunoratidzwa zvikuru-monsoon okunze uye gungwa uye mussonoobrazny kuchamhembe. Ndiro mugumisiro nekuita yenyika North Asia uye Pacific. Special rokuchinja okunze ezvinhu ane Sea Okhotsk uye Primorsk ano chando mhenderekedzo yeGungwa Japan. Zvinokoshawo ndezvokuti munzvimbo iyi uye ane nomunzvimbo dzine makomo. Dziri chikamu Far Eastern Federal District muchando pamwe shoma chando uye chando.

Features Weather

Summer ropisa zvakakwana, asi pfupi. Panyaya mumhenderekedzo yegungwa nzvimbo, pane chando chakanyanyisa uye nounyoro, chitubu ndiyo kuchitonhora uye kuverengera, ichidziya uye refu kwematsutso uye nekaupenyu muchitonhorera yechirimo. Pamahombekombe vari kakawanda madutu, bvungapfunga, madutu uye rinorema refu mvura. Kukwirira chando pamusoro Kamchatka Peninsula inogona kusvika mamita matanhatu. The pedyo kumaodzanyemba nzvimbo, dzakanga mwando. Saka, kumaodzanyemba Primorye zviri kazhinji kuisa panguva kumativi 90%. Zvinenge nharaunda yose East Far muzhizha vari refu mvura. Izviwo, rinoita hurongwa mafashamo, wemvura munda uye dzimba dzinogarwa. KuFar East, mazhinji nguva pamwe jeka uye yakajeka ekunze. It iwayo akakurumbira uye vanoonekwa kuti kuramba mvura kwemazuva anoverengeka. mhando iyi zvakasiyana-siyana Russian Far East ari vakasiyana "kuchena" European chikamu Russia. Nechepakati chikamu Far Eastern Federal District pane yemadutu guruva. Vanobva mumarenje kuchamhembe China uye Mongolia. A chinokosha chikamu East Far kwaenzaniswa kana kuti High North (kunze EAO, kumaodzanyemba Amur nharaunda., Primorsky uye Khabarovsk nenharaunda).

zviwanikwa

KuFar East, mbishi zvinhu reserves yakakura zvakakwana. Izvi zvinobvumira kuti pamusoro vaitungamirira akakwirira Russian upfumi munyika dzinoverengeka munzvimbo. Saka, kuFar East ari Russian inogadzirwa Nhoroondo kuti 98% mangoda 80% netini, 90% Boron mbishi zvinhu, 14% tungsten, 50% goridhe, 40% hove uye hove, 80% kuti soybean, 7% cellulose huni 13%. Pakati huru sectors ose DFO zvinofanira kucherechedzwa mugodhi uye non-ferrous simbi kubudiswa, pulp nebepa, hove, miti, chikepe kugadzirisa uye shipbuilding.

matavi

KuFar East, zvinokosha mari kuuya miti, Fisheries, migodhi, non-ferrous simbi. maindasitiri izvi pamusana kupfuura hafu zvose marketable zvigadzirwa. Underdeveloped vaiona kugadzira dzose. Kana kwekurasira mbishi nharaunda anotambura Nokurasikirwa muchimiro ukoshi vakawedzera. DFO kunokonzera chinokosha kure senga varikumahombekombe. Ivo zvinoratidzwa ukoshi mashoko mazhinji ezvoupfumi sectors.

chicherwa pfuma

In reserves dzavo East Far ane nzvimbo aitungamirira chinzvimbo Russian Federation. By bhuku, tini, Boron, zvinowanikwa pano, namavara akanaka ari sezvakarayirwa 95% of uwandu zvinhu munyika. On fluorspar nemekiyuri Nhoroondo inenge 60% Tungsten - 24%, simbi mhangura, apatite, chizvarwa sarufa kutungamirira - 10%. In Zimbabwe Sakha, kuchamhembe-yokumadokero chikamu, zviri diamondiferous rwenyika, chikuru munyika. Deposits "Aikhal", "Rugare", "vanobudirira" vanoumba anopfuura 80% of zvachose nedhaimani reserves muRussia. Itariro reserves esimbi esimbi kumaodzanyemba Yakutia nhoroondo anopfuura mabhiriyoni 4. M. Izvi vanenge 80% of remunharaunda vhoriyamu. Rinokosha reserves izvi uye vechiJudha zvionera Region. In South Yakutsky Lena nemidziyo yakakura deposits kuti marasha. deposits aro vari kuuyawo muna Khabarovsk, Primorsky Territories, ari Amur nharaunda. In Zimbabwe Sakha, Magadan nharaunda dzinonzwa uye vakava placer uye Dana deposits goridhe. deposits Similar akawanikwa ari Khabarovsk uye Primorsky kumatunhu. On idzi kwawakananga remigodhi tungsten uye gaba ores. Lead zinc Matura dzichiitika kunyanya mune Primorsky Territory. Muna Khabarovsk Territory uye Amur Region kunoratidzwa titanovorudnaya Province. Kuwedzera pane zviri pamusoro apa, panewo vasiri esimbi zvicherwa deposits. Izvi, zvikurukuru, deposits pamusoro reraimu, fireclay, graphite, sarufa, Goldstone jecha.

geostrategic nzvimbo

DFO ane zvikuru geopolitical kukosha nokuti Russian Federation. Apa pane kuwana nyanza maviri: kweArctic uye Pacific. Kupiwa yakakwirira mwero Kugadzirwa Asia-Pacific nharaunda, kusangana kupinda DFO zviri vaizotibata kwazvo nokuda yamadzibaba. With zvine mararamiro yokutengesera DV anogona kuva "zambuko" iri Asia-Pacific nharaunda.

The guta Far East Russia: Pamazita

For zvikuru mumaguta zvinosanganisira Vladivostok, Khabarovsk. Maguta aya ndiwo Russian Far East ari vari guru zveupfumi uye Geo-inokosha kukosha nokuda Russian Federation. vaizotibata kwazvo Blagoveshchensk, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Nakhodka, Ussuriisk. Zvikuru kukosha ndiyo yose Yakutsk. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pane maguta pangozi. Vazhinji vavo riri Chukotka. Izvi imhaka kunonyanya kune dzisingambosvikiki kunzvimbo uye mamiriro ekunze.