Rurik kugarwa, Veliky Novgorod: kero, mapikicha uye wongororo

Veliky Novgorod - guta apo hapana kuperevedza zvinhu zvokuita. Iye vagara chezvinyorwa vashanyira nzvimbo pamepu munyika uye chinofadza mutsva zvakawanwa matongo anojekesa nhoroondo Russia yekare. Vakawanda vavo zvaigadzirwa munharaunda Rurik kugarwa, kwakaitika Novgorod.

Nhoroondo kudzidza matongo nzvimbo

Rurik kugarwa (Veliky Novgorod), mufananidzo zviri kukurukurwa pazasi, masayendisiti akatanga kudzidza kubva pakutanga rokupedzisira remakore. The Kucherwa okutanga kuitwa matongo N. Polyansky. Muzhizha 1910, zvakanga chikatsiviwa pakundopambara chikwata Vatsvakurudzi rinotungamirirwa the artist-muzivi Nikolai Roerich, uye kubva muna 1975 kusvika nhasi (nokungozorora) kushanda kune Institute of History Material Culture vachitungamirirwa E. N. Nosova.

Somugumisiro, pedyo pakutsvakurudza pazvikomo nemagariro akaturikidzana akadaro yekare vaizivikanwa se:

• vakasara neolithic (2-3 Millennium BC)
• kugarwa Iron Age (chemakore chokutanga BC. e.).

Chinonyanya kukosha zvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo akaita panzvimbo

Muzvidzidzo zvetsika akaturikidzana 9-11 emakore masayendisiti akawana zvinhu zvizhinji zvipfeko uye uto michina. Yakawanikwawo birchbark zvakasiyana kugutsikana, vamwe machinda zvisimbiso mutobvu, vatatu pfuma dirhams, vakawanda Arab, Byzantine mari uye nyika dzokuMadokero kweEurope, girazi, mune ibwe rerubhi uye rekristaro marozari uye zvimedu omuarumondi uye walnuts anoshongwa. zvinoratidza zvose izvi uchapupu basa kutengeserana anobatanidza Novgorod dzakavakidzana uye nyika Ages Europe uye Asia kure.

Panguva Kucherwa vaivawo akawana zvikamu pachikero, zvokuyeresa, Frisian mizinga, emapuranga toyi minondo, Zviidzo revaruki, tsika yekare magirazi bangles, tichiverenga Tags, spindles, chifukidziro uye Birch madzinde, shards pakati amphorae uye zvakawanda.

Rurik kugarwa (Novgorod) zvakare kumanikidzwa kutaura nezvake 2003, apo vakawana Birch omuti, inova chaenga tsamba kubva kuhama wandei vabereki vake, iyo akataura Muchinda Novgorod.

"Varyagsky raitevera»

By nokuwanda Air Rurik kugarwa zvakabudiswa, pamwe enhoroondo kugarwa pakati nesting nzvimbo iri pamahombekombe Dnieper, ndicho rakapfuma vakachera muEastern Europe. zvakananga zvinhu zviviri izvi vanotevera yakakurumbira nzvimbo dzekuma Scandinavia Birka uye Hedeby. Kunyanya dzinonakidza Kupira zvinhu uye nezvishongo. Pakati pavo goko-zvakadai, annular ravnoplechnye uye nezvikorekedzo, pendants 2 yendarira, paiva runiform zvinyorwa simbi Hryvnia pamwe zviratidzo nenyundo Thor mufananidzo Valkirii sirivha, et unto.

Rurik kugarwa (Novgorod): nhoroondo pechingoro

The yakakurumbira kutaura chinhu chinogona kuwanikwa "The zvakaedza yakapfuura Years". Maererano nomumwe dudziro gwaro iri rinokosha, muna 862, vagari venyika dziri iyo Novgorod rakaumbwa wakazonzi Varyaga Ryurika kutonga munyika yavo. At nzvimbo rekare kugarwa kwomuchinda dzokugara yakavakwa sezvo nhare-musha yaairarama, iye ake kukupfura. Akanga ari mavambo Volkhov River, munzira yakarurama "kubvira VaViking kuvaGiriki."

Nhau dzairamba pamusoro Rurik ugari

Muna 9-10 emakore kwomuchinda dzokugara pamahombekombe yacho Volkhov aiva kugarwa pakutanga munzvimbo Novgorod ano, t. E. The guta rekare. It ane nzvimbo duku nzvimbo (6 - 7 ha) nenzira yakakwirira, iyo iri chitsuwa chiri mafashamo akadira. mugodhi upamhi kugarwa yakasvika 8 metres, uye kukwirira - 5 mamita.

The chinokosha Rurik kugarwa akanga akavakirirwa aine yemapuranga mugodhi mazano uye kudzivirira pedyo parusvingo. Settlement ane ropafadzo nzvimbo, sezvo zvakanga yakapoteredzwa nemvura miganhu, uye kubva pakakwirira pazvikomo zvaiva nyore kuti kuronda kwemutemo nhumbi Volkhov River muna Lake Ilmen.

Pakatarisana Castle dzichengeterwe tsvene yechihedheni - Peryn. Kubva pane matongo zvakawanikwa, rinokosha chavagari yakanga vaita chibvumirano rwokugadzira kusanganisira Kudzingwa yendarira, mapfupa kuvesa uye nevamwe.

Hillfort pashure remakore rechigumi,

Mumakore 990 kubva kugarwa yekare, kuchengetedza basa yomuchinda dzokugara, akapa nzira Zvaiitwa socio-upfumi nechepakati kugarwa kuti wamuka dare nabhishopi kumativi.

Pashure kwokumukira Novgorod muna 1136 iri munharaunda yayo akaramba iri muchinda dzokugara. Zvisinei, zvakanga kutongwa meya, mutariri Novgorod Great.

Rurik kugarwa (kero Novgorod eruwa d. Mound) panguva imwe nguva yaiva nzvimbo pauduku yake yemberi Prince Aleksandra Nevskogo. Uyewo mune siyana nguva munhoroondo akamira kana akagara Dmitry Donskoy, Vasiliy Temny, Ivan III uye Ivan Grozny.

Church of Annunciation

Rurik kugarwa (Veliky Novgorod) Zvinoshamisawo nokuda matongo kereke yokutanga remakore rechi12 riri mairi. Muna 1103 zvakanzi nheyo mwanakomana Vladimira Monomaha uye mutongi Novgorod, Mstislav Vladimirovich. Annunciation pamusoro kwakatanga mushure kukurukurirana wechipiri. Sofia ibwe pakuvaka guta yomuchinda dzokugara akavhunduka ikoko. Iye, pamwe chete Nikolsky uye St. George Cathedral (Yuriev Monastery), rakavakwa Peter Mukuru - wokutanga Russian mapurani kutaurwa yaMakoronike iri.

Mumakore 1342-1343 panzvimbo yetemberi chakasakara rakadzikwa munhu mutsva, amire kwemakore 600, chero panguva WWII haana wakabhombwa muvengi atirari. Matongo Chechi Annunciation kupa nganyatsozivi kuti kukuvara mhando vakaitirwa tsika nhaka nyika yedu panguva nechisimba yechiFascist mapoka.

"Prince kuti Stone"

Rurik kugarwa (Novgorod) aiva mumwe chikuru nzvimbo yakatarwa kupemberera 1150 fung gore Russian statehood. September 22, 2012, gore munharaunda enhoroondo Monument rakazarurwa "Knyazhye ibwe." Chinhu chikuru zidombo yairema anenge 40 matani. Zvinonzi akanyorwa ane mashoko kubva yakakurumbira Radzivilovskoy zvinyorwa, inopupura kuti kukosha kugarwa munhoroondo Russia.

Veliky Novgorod, Rurik kugarwa: sei kuti ikoko nemotokari

Izvi zviitiko zvinokosha iconic ingasvikwa ne private kana voruzhinji motokari. Kana ukatevera muna Rurik kugarwa (Veliky Novgorod), sei kuti kune motokari, chiriporipocho dzapiwa. Tichishandisa achangobva akaisa pamberi pake nzira yeyero sandstone. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana nzira Moscow - Novgorod dzokai kuna Sholokhovo, nemotokari Muponesi Nereditsa uye zvakare kuna mhinganidzo, ipapo kufamba matongo kuenda maminitsi 2-3 chete.

Before Rurik kugarwa ingasvikwa nebhazi nhamba 186 (nenguva yekubva panguva 7:25, 8:25, 14:00, 19:05), pedyo Chechi Muponesi musi Nereditsa. Kubuda Pakupedzisira chemabhazi, unofanira kudzokera mumugwagwa uye kufamba unorema mudhamu rwizi Volkhov. Next, unofanira kutendeuka kuruboshwe uye kutevera yakagadzirwa nzira murwizi kuti zvinokwezva kwazvo.

Mumwedzi yokupisa Volkhov vakaperekedza nzendo muigwa "veche", apo chirongwa chinosanganisira kushanyira Rurik ugari. Tour purogiramu: pa 11:00 musi yeMugovera uye 14:15 - Sunday.

Reviews

Maererano avo kare akafamba nzira Veliky Novgorod - Rurik kugarwa (kure makiromita kubva pakati iri 2), pashure kugadzwa mumwe mugwagwa mutsva ingasvikwa pasina matambudziko chero zvizivikanwe motokari. Kunze nguva yokunaya rwizi Volkhov, kana haisi varumbidzwa kuzoshanyira kukwezvana uku.

Positive inofambiswa iri kazhinji vakazvipira kuna zvikuru kwemarudzi kuti kuvhurwa chikomo dzavarwi pamusoro mvura pamusoro, uyewo Kremlin uye St. George wemamonk. Mukuwedzera, karwendo inogona pamwe zvinotivaraidza pamahombekombe uye kupikiniki pamwe grilli mune nokutandara nzvimbo pedyo muganhu. With Panyaya zvakataurwa vashanyi, vafambi vazhinji vanoti kuti zvose pfungwa rokuenda aimbova yakagara Rurik kukuvadzisa kumakuva, iri rinotevera musuo. Mukuwedzera, vashanyi yakati kuti kunyange zvazvo nzvimbo iyi zvechokwadi ane mukana zvikuru dzinoyevedza sezvo inogona kunzi nhamba zvinhu mubereko kuti vafambi tanetseka chaizvo.

Zvino munoziva kuti zvishoma-anozivikanwa zvinotyisa zvinogona kuonekwa nokuenda Veliky Novgorod. Rurik kugarwa, izvo unogona kuwana zvose Volkhov, uye marori - inzvimbo yokufananidzira, nzvimbo yechizvarirwo yeRussian wehurumende, saka hapana zviripo kushanyira munhu anokoshesa nhoroondo nyika yake.