Rezuva Sero kugadzirwa: rwokugadzira uye midziyo

Vanhu ruchigona chinja kune dzimwe manyuko zvemagetsi wedzerai kubatsira kuchengeta yakachena uye kuderedza mari simba kugadzirwa. Kugadzirwa zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri bhatiri ndiye ano maindasitiri nzira. Simba zvitengeswa Hurongwa rinosanganisira chiedza rezuva vagamuchiri, mabhatiri, kudzora Unit, inverters nezvimwe namano dzaizopiwa mamwe mabasa.

The gwenya Sero Nde maatomu akafanana, unotanga kuunganidza uye kuchinja simba mwaranzi. Mumazuva ano nyika nokuda mutengi pakusarudza panel, kune ngozi dzakawanda, sezvo indasitiri inopa vakawanda zvigadzirwa dzikarongwa pasi zita rimwe.

Nesilicon yokutenderera zuva masero

zvigadzirwa izvi zvinofarirwa vatengi vanhasi. Hwaro kugadzirwa yavo vakaisa nesilicon. Mumatanda vari pakadzika kwakapararira kugadzirwa nekaupenyu chipa. Nesilicon masero enzanisa zvakanaka pamwe padanho chokupika dzimwe mabhatiri chezuva.

nemhando zvinhu

Kugadzirwa Masero rezuva rakaitwa nesilicon rinoitwa marudzi anotevera:

• monocrystalline;
• polycrystalline;
• amorphous.

Zvakasiyana siyana pamusoro Namano sei nesilicon maatomu zviri kurongwa nenzira sekristaro. Musiyano mukuru inova yakasiyana zvinoriumba zvinhu zviri kunyatsoshanda rokutendeutsa chiedza simba izvo zviviri marudzi wokutanga anenge panguva pamwero uye kupfuura tsika kuti mano amorphous nesilicon.

nhasi indasitiri anopa zvakawanda yemashoko rezuva vateresi chiedza. Musiyano pakati pavo kuti vamwe midziyo yaishandiswa kugadzira masero kwezuva. It kuridza basa rudzi mukugadzira unyanzvi uye kutanga zvinhu.

mhando monocrystalline

zvinhu izvi ine nesilicon masero chokuita nomumwe. Pakazosvika nzira Czochralski musayendisiti akaita nesilicon zvachose yakaisvonaka, iyo chakagadzirwa crystals kuroorwa. Inotevera kwacho ndiko nokuveza ari Semi-yakagwamba nechando uye Rakasimbisa pamusoro ndiro Ukobvu 250 kusvika 300 microns. Mutete akaturikidzana nomuti simbi pajira riya electrodes. Pasinei kudhura okuwana, zvakadai zvinhu zvinonzi nevakawanda kushandiswa nokuda mukuru mwero kutendeuka (17-22%).

Kugadzira polycrystalline zvinhu

Solar mabikirwo kugadzirwa polycrystalline ndechokuti yakaumbwa nesilicon gobvu zvishoma haachandidi. Production hakurevi michina zvinodhura, saka, vawane nesilicon mutengo ipfupi. Polycrystalline rezuva Zvifambiso vane coefficient maduku kunyatsoshanda (11-18%), mukusiyana kune chete sekristaro. Izvi imhaka ari muitiro kutonhora zviri nesilicon gobvu yakazara duku matema kuti grainy, zvichiguma mberi refraction yemwaranzi.

Zvinhu amorphous nesilicon

Product zvinoreva chairo mhando, sezvo ivo ndezvaJehovha mhando nesilicon unobva nezita zvinhu akashandiswa uye masero rezuva rinoitwa nevanhu firimu michina namano. Crystal ari kugadzira muitiro anopa nzira nesilicon Silon rehydrogen kana nhete rukoko iyo rinotaura substrate. Batteries vane yakadereresa kunyatsoshanda mutengo, kusvikira 6%. Zvinhu, pasinei drawback kuva nhamba zvakanakira kuti avape kodzero kumira mumutsetse pamwe mhando dzataurwa pamusoro apa:

• Manyiminya Absorção de Água ukoshi kupfuura makumi nguva pane kuti kuroorwa-sekristaro uye polycrystalline Zvifambiso;
• It ane zvishoma rukoko Ukobvu 1 micron;
• Kwidibira ekunze hazvirevi kukanganisa basa tichichinja nyika, mukusiyana nedzimwe mhando;
• nokuti mukuru mwero vachikotama simba rinoshandisirwa pasina matambudziko munzvimbo dzakaoma.

The matatu Mhando kumusoro-chinorondedzerwa pamusoro rezuva converters vaisanganisa vakaberekwa zvigadzirwa kubva zvinhu rine Dual ehupfumi. maitiro aya kubudirira kana micronutrients vanobatanidzwa mune nanoparticles kana amorphous nesilicon. The zvichiguma zvinhu zvakanga zvakafanana polycrystalline nesilicon, asi zvakanaka naro itsva rwokugadzira zviratidzo.

Raw zvokuvakisa pagadzirwe rezuva masero film-mhando CdTe

Pakusarudza zvinhu zviri zvinosiyana kudiwa kuderedza mukugadzira mari uye kuwedzera michina maitiro ichishanda. Inonyanyoshandiswa kushandiswa chiedza-rokutora cadmium telluride. Mune 70s remakore rapfuura CdTe kwainzi mukuru kurwa kuti kushandisa nzvimbo iri ano indasitiri, chichiri kushandiswa mune simba chezuva.

Zvinhu izvi semhosva tinofanira kugara chepfu, saka regai kuserera gakava harmfulness kwayo. kuongorora kwesayenzi yakasimbiswa kuti ufanane zvinokuvadza akasunungura mumhepo, chinoshanda uye haakonzeri kukuvadza zvakatipoteredza. Kunyatsoshanda zvazvingava ndiyo 11 chete%, asi mari magetsi kubva masero kushandurwa kwakadaro 20-30% kudzika kupfuura nesilicon mhando namano.

Aggregators mwaranzi kubva selenium, mhangura uye indium

Semiconductors ari mudziyo imhangura, selenium uye indium, dzimwe nguva kubvumira kuzvitsinhanisa okupedzisira pamusoro gallium. Izvi imhaka yakakwirira kudiwa kugadzirwa indium monitors sandara mhando. Naizvozvo, kuzvitsinhanisa ichi akasarudzwa pachake, sezvo zvinhu vane ehupfumi zvakafanana. Asi nokuti zvinyorwa kunyatsoshanda kuti yokutsiva kunoita basa rinokosha iri kugadzirwa rezuva muchitokisi pasina gallium kunowedzera mudziyo kunyatsoshanda kubudikidza 14%.

Sun catchers polymer-kwakavakirwa

zvinhu izvi dzinesungano muduku ano, sezvo ivo vachangobva akaonekwa pamusika. Of Organic semiconductors yekubata chiedza rokutendeutsa kuva magetsi simba. Nokuti kugadzirwa Kushandisa fullerenes kabhoni boka, polyphenylene, mhangura phthalocyanine, uye vamwe. Zvinoguma mutete (100 nm) uye kusanduka firimu kuti ape coefficient kuti kunyatsoshanda kuti 5-7%. Mutengo muduku, asi kugadzirwa rezuva masero kusanduka ane dzakawanda zvinhu zvakanaka:

• nokuti gadzira haana aipedza mari yakawanda;
• kukwanisa kuisa mabhatiri mumunda kusanduka Bends, apo mukana wokushandiswa iri rinokosha;
• okufananidza vakasununguka uye Kuwanikwa installation;
• Usazviomesera bhatiri hapana zvinokonzerwa zvakatipoteredza.

Chemical etching ari kugadzira muitiro

Chinonyanya zvinodhura rezuva bhatiri riri multicrystalline kana monocrystalline nesilicon ndiro. To maximize vakarongeka nesilicon Utilisation akagerwa psevdokvadratnye nemifananidzo, chete chimiro achibvumira gobvu mubhedha bwendefa inotevera module. Mushure nokuveza rikurumidze varambe panguva pemvura nemaziso akaturikidzana kuputswa hukawanika ayo vakachenesa pachishandiswa etching uye texturing kuvandudza negashiro chiitiko Ray.

The zvakaipa pamusoro nzira yakafanana inomiririra randomly vanoda microprism zvinoratidzwa kubva inobudisawo iyo chiedza anorova divi hukawanika nezvimwe pamaberere. Kusunungura Procedure unaku tichifungisisa zvinhu kunodzikira munenge 25%. The etching kwacho akashandisa dzakatevedzana asidhi uye alkaline mishonga, asi zvisingagamuchirwi kuderedza zvakaturikidzaniswa ukobvu kwazvo, nokuti ndiro haangagoni kumira zvinotevera kugadzira.

Semiconductors mu Solar

rezuva Sero kugadzirwa michina inoratidza kuti pfungwa yacho zvemagetsi akasimba ane PN-Junction. Kana ndiro imwe chokubatanidza yemagetsi conductivity kuti N-mhando uye peji-mhando conductivity ndiyo S.-mhando, pfungwa kubatana pakati pavo kunoitika PN-Junction. The inokosha ehupfumi zviri tsanangudzo muviri mukana kushumira somuganhu, uye uchisuwa magetsi zvakafanana negwara. Ndicho izvi kunoita kuti muve dzakazara kushanda masero kwezuva.

Somugumisiro phosphoric diffusion ndiro kumigumo akaumba N-mhando layer iyo inobva pemvura chinhu ari kudzika 0.5 microns. ZvaAtemisi rezuva Sero inopa kudzika kupinda pakati vatakuri wakatarisana zviratidzo, izvo inomuka achifuridzirwa chiedza. nzira yavo pokudzora kwomudzimu PN-mhesano nzvimbo inofanira kuva pfupi, kana kuti vanogona abhadhare kana vakasangana mumwe, saka haana vaunze chero yakawanda magetsi.

Kushandiswa plasma-mushonga etching

Mugore gwenya bhatiri mamiriro inopiwa ane pamberi penyika grille akagadzawo pamotokari kuitika uye seri, riri kuramba kuonana. Panguva diffusion zviitiko, wemagetsi wedunhu pakati maviri ndege uye chakasvitswa pakuguma chiso.

Kubvisa kuvhara, midziyo yaishandiswa masero rezuva, izvo anobvumira kuzviita tichibatsirwa plasma-namakemikari, kemikari etching, kana mechanically, nokuda Laser. nzira yeplasma kwemakemikari dzokuteerera inowanzoshandiswa. Etching rinoitwa panguva imwe chete kuti wemagazini ukapisa murwi nesilicon kwamahwendefa pamwe chete. Zvaizobuda kwacho kunobva ya kurapwa, murwiyo zvinoreva ukuru dzinoungana vanhu zvokunyama, ndege kutungamirirwa Ion kuyerera uye zvimwewo.

Kushandiswa antireflection unhani

Kuburikidza kushandisa munhu unaku pamusoro ichocho pechiso kufungisisa ipfupi kusvika 11%. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mumwe chete nechegumi mwaranzi kwakaratidza pachiso kwete munyaya paumbwe magetsi. Kuderedza marwadzo iwayo mberi kurutivi chinhu zvinenge zvakazara zvakadzama kupinda chiedza pulses pasina nokufunga navo shure. Masayendisiti, kufungisisa mitemo optics, kusarudza murwiyo uye pakukora zvakaturikidzaniswa, saka kudhinda uye kugadzwa saka-zvemapuranga rezuva masero kuderedza kufungisisa kusvika 2%.

Contact metallization nechemberi kurutivi

The pemvura chaikosha akagadzirirwa yokufungisisa kunonyanyisa huwandu nemwaranzi vagara vandifungira mutemo kuti ndeiya yakaita uye kwesayenzi zvechadenga kuiswa simbi. Kusarudza pamasikiro pamberi mainjiniya vakasarudza vaviri matambudziko rinopikisa. Kuderedza Manyiminya nezvinhu unowanikwa wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose mitsetse uye urongwa kwavo chinhambwe kubva nomumwe. ZvaAtemisi rezuva bhatiri pamwe hombe pajira riya Kukura kunotungamirira kuti chikamu muripo haana nguva kusvika uye kuonana akarasika.

Naizvozvo, masayendisiti kwezvipimo kukosha kure uye pakukora neimwe simbi mutsetse. Too matete micheka yakatsemurwa noruvazhe pamusoro pemvura nhengo kupedza ari mwaranzi, asi kwete kupedza kuitika. Modern nzira kushandisa metallization ine iri rakanyorwa mabhii rinowanzodhinda mapepa rokudhinda. Sezvo mashoko akawanda vanonzi sirivha-namatidza. Nokuda kushandiswa chinhu kunyatsoshanda rinobuda nevanhu 15-17%.

Metallization kurutivi rwemberi rwetabhenakeri chiridzwa

simbi yokunamisa seri mudziyo rinowanikwa mune zvirongwa zviviri, chimwe nechimwe anoita pachako basa rayo. Mutete kuramba rukoko pamusoro pepasi, kunze kwemakumi mawindo sputtered aruminiyamu uye gomba iri yakazara nesirivha namatidza, iyo inoita basa rimwe noruzhinji. Solid aruminiyamu rukoko anoshanda segirazi mudziyo nokuda rwemberi divi vakasununguka mhosva kuti kurege kurashika mune dangling zvisungo crystalline napamahwindo. Aine bemhapemha yakadaro 2% yakawanda rezuva ukomba ushande nesimba. Consumer ongororo vanoti kuti zvinhu izvi zviri Zvinokosha zvakaisvonaka uye hakubvi zvikuru pamusoro mushongwe ekunze.

Kugadzirwa rezuva ukomba nemaoko avo pachavo

Power romugove kubva zuva, haasi munhu wose anogona kurayira uye dzishandise pamba, nekuti marii nhasi yakafara. Naizvozvo vazhinji nemhizha tenzi uye ishe kugadzirwa rezuva ukomba kumba.

Purchase photovoltaic Kits kuti kuzvidzora ungano inogona paIndaneti pane nzvimbo dzakawanda. mutengo wavo kunoenderana nenhamba ndiro rakashandiswa uye kukwanisa. Somuenzaniso, pasi-simba Kits, kubvira 63 kusvika 76 watts or 36 mahwendefa 2350-2560 rubles. azvaitwa. It kuutengawo basa zvinhu culled kubva kugadzirwa mitsetse chipi chikonzero.

Pakusarudza mhando photoelectric kutendeuka anofanira kufunga kuti masero polycrystalline vanonyanyova husingakwanisi ramakore ekunze uye zviitei rikurumidze monocrystalline asi ave noupenyu pfupi. Monocrystalline dzine kunyatsoshanda mune zuva ekunze, uye pasakurumidza yakareba.

Kuronga kugadzirwa rezuva ukomba kumba, unofanira kuverenga zvachose mutoro mano zvose zvichawanikwa dzinofambiswa kubudikidza inverter remangwana, uye kuona inogona mudziyo. Nokudaro uwandu masero rezuva, apo kufungisisa pakona pemapuranga. Vamwe vemifananidzo zvinosanganisira mukana kuchinja mari nenzvimbo ndege, zvichienderana mumhu vadzinge nechando - kubva pakukora chando.

Various zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kugadzira dzimba. Kakawanda aruminiyamu kana Stainless kupa makona inoshandiswa plywood, PARTICIPLE bhodhi nezvimwe. The läpinäkyvä chikamu yakaitwa ane Organic kana munhuwo rinoonekera. Sales vakatowana soldered masero rezuva pamwe conductors kutenga kwakadaro nani sezvo nyore gungano basa. Mahwendefa hadzina ukapisa murwi mumwe panorumwe - pasi anogona kupa microcracks. Solder uye zvinoyerera rinoshandisirwa kare. Pokunamatidza zvinhu nyore, achiisa zvakananga pamusoro nokushanda divi. Pamugumo wenyika ndiro riri welded kuti busbars (vakwanise conductors), ipapo goho "kubvisa" uye "ndinoiitawo".

Pashure basa iri kuongororwa uye rakanamwa remadziro. Foreign vanatenzi yeimwe zvinoshandiswa chinangwa ichi, asi vava anodhura kuti mhizha dzedu. Homemade converters rakanamatidzwa silicone, uye seri zvinenge zvakazara varnish yakavakirwa acrylic.

In mhedziso tinofanira kutaura kuti wongororo vatenzi vakaita masero rezuva nemaoko avo, nguva dzose zvakanaka. Kamwe kushandisa mari iri mukugadzira uye kugadzwa wokutepfenyurisa, kwakabva mhuri nokukurumidza akabhadharira navo uye otanga kuponesa nokushandisa rusununguko simba.