Rechishanu Hondo: makore, vechikamu zvinangwa, zvabuda

NevaIslam kuMabvazuva - the chinoshamisa kwazvo zvinokosha munhoroondo. Tinoziva kubva mumabhuku chikoro, inoti nemafirimu uye mabhuku.

Total (by N. Basov) paiva masere: kusvika 1096 uye 1248-1270. Wikipedia anowedzera kunyange 9th (1271-1272 gg.) Uye muHondo mu Europe. Most putika, izvo rakazungunusa nyika yose yechiKristu, aiva Chokwadi, pakutanga. Panguva ino, Jerusarema muna VII. Rakanga uchikundwa navaArabhu, uye kubva VIII remakore, vaiva Seljuk vokuTurkey. Nokuti usabuda remakore vachipo temberi.

In zvenhoroondo makrusedhi sayenzi anoongorora hondo pakati yechiKristu uye nyika Muslim. Ichigere kupera uye anopfuurira munguva yedu. Zvinofungidzirwa muHondo yakarurama polarity. Vamwe vanodavira kuti idzvene, basa rakanaka muzita yeChechi. Munyori Michaud anonyora pamusoro pavo pamusoro feat. Mamwe mashoko vanoti ndechokuti aSatani Achikurudzirwa, izvo hwakonzera njodzi. Somuenzaniso, muna 4th kutevedzana vairwa muhondo dzemachechi echiKristu vakapamba guta, sacked Constantinople, obscurantism - akakurumbira Vana Hondo. Zvaidavirwa kuti kana akachena mweya vachauya kuJerusarema, masvingo richaparara. Ndokuguma kwazvo zvinosuruvarisa ivo vakaurayiwa Europe iri kuchitonhora Alps, vakawanda vavo vakanga muuranda muIjipiti.

MARARAMIRO hikes

Mupemhi munamati Petr Amensky, ane zita remadunhurirwa rokuti aiva munamati yakashanyira Karivhari uye Mutsvene muhwiro muJerusarema. Akaona vanomanikidzwa vaKristu muPalestine. Paakadzoka, aikurumidza vateereri pamwe Pope Urban II uye akakomborerwa kuparidza kushingirira kuzosunungura Mutsvene neguva. Akapfeka mamvemve, shangu, bareheaded, mbongoro, akatamira kune misha uye namaguta Europe, uye kutaura kwake zvose somoto akachingamidza rutsigiro, kufunga uye chido kutevera kuparidza kwake. Akanga anoonekwa somusande uye nokuda mufaro kutora mukana agure chimedu mvere mbongoro yake. Zvichakadai, Pope Urban II akavimbisa vechikamu kuti varegererwe zvivi (zvakanga zvakakosha kwazvo kuti vazhinji), kutarisira mhuri dzavo uye abolition zvikwereti zvavo.

Manyawi panodana izvi miduku yokuruwa vasonanidza hembe dzavo tsvuku michinjikwa. Saka, kufamba ichi chainzi "kushingirira", uye vechikamu pachavo pakuzivikanwa se "Dzorudzidziso." Chokutanga harisi Knights vakaenda kungofamba, uye varimi, vasingagoni kunyange kufungidzira kuti kure Europe zvinobva Holy Land uye akasangana guta guru ose akatora pamusoro peJerusarema. Vazhinji vakafa munzira. Asi isu tiri hanya rechishanu kushingirira - panguva vechikamu, zvinangwa, zvabuda. We nezvazvo pazasi.

Start, zvinangwa uye zvikonzero rwendo urwu

The Fifth Hondo (1217-1221) akatungamirirwa Mambo Hungary Andras II. Knights akaunganidzawo kwete chete muHungary, asi zvose pamusoro Europe. Tangai nokuti rechishanu kushingirira (photos Chokwadi, haagoni kupiwa nokuda kwayo kuvamba, zvikuru paya) zvinoenzanisira chifananidzo wakaiswa pazasi.

András II atungamirire mauto vakanyengetedza Pope Honorius III. Panguva ino, umambo muKristu simba aivapo kuPalestine (1099 kubva 1291), Zvakabvamburwa kubudikidza munyika kuzvipokanidza (kurwisa mirairo chivalry pachavo) uye paricharwisa Saracen vaMuslim. Iye asina rutsigiro Europe. Mambo mutsva Zhak Briensky akasvika pasina mauto uye vakaramba mari nyika kuti akapa Saracens (kwavari ndatonzwa runyerekupe pamusoro mutsva kuuya mushandirapamwe). Izvi zvichava kushingirira wechishanu aifanira kutsigira umambo Christian kuora.

Panopera 1217, vokuEurope akaenda Venetian zvikepe kuParestina kubudikidza Mediterranean. Ivo vose vakaungana Acre, taundi duku riri kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero kwenyika. Crafty Saracens, vachitarisira kuti munyika kukakavara, nzara nehosha achaparadza mauto haana kurwiswa. Vakaverenga zvose zvakanaka. Dzorudzidziso akaedza kutora kuGomo reTabhori nokumusimbisa. Asi havana kubatana, zvokudya, catapults, uye rwendo amira. Dzorudzidziso chete vakagara munzvimbo nemapoka chando. Kungopeta maoko chakaita kuti kukakavara itsva, uye nokukurumidza, muna February 1218, Mambo Hungary, achiona kusabatsira nguva yake, pamwe chikamu nehondo yake, akadzokera Europe kuti anokunyaradza vanomumukira vatongi vari pasi munyika dzavo. Saka zvakaipa kutanga cheshanu kushingirira.

Vavabatsire kubva Europe

Gare gare, muna 1218, akauya zvakavhenganiswa hondo vokuGermany, Dutch uye Flemish. Kwakasarudzwa kuti andobata Damietta muIjipiti. Kuti tidzivise kurwa pamusoro fronts maviri, rugare kubatana Anatolia akanga akapedzisa. Muna July, Rechishanu Hondo kuIjipiti.

Kukombwa Damietta

Dzorudzidziso akasvika pedyo neguta Damietta, izvo, nemhaka ayo nzvimbo iri murwizi kwainzi kiyi nyika. Damietta akanga zvakakwana yabatanidza. Inside kwaiva yakawanda wezvokudya, uye kunze vakasvika kaviri kwemasvingo. In chiteshi paiva kwakaoma, sezvo iye akavhara neshongwe, umo pamahombekombe aiva cheni simba.

Muna July 1218 Hondo Tsvene vakatanga kukomba wakakombwa. Vaida kupwanya zvachose pakati Islamic nyika uye pakarepo hwogumisa hondo pamusoro Holy Land. The Fifth Hondo (1217-1221) akaratidza pacharwo chinangwa chaiyo ichi. Asi vaiita zvinodiwa Italian chinoda uye guta-inoti - kupa pachena kutengeserana muIjipiti.

Nzira wakakombwa

First rakasvika nemhinganidzo anokonzerwa zvinetso zviri redzidziso. Zvadaro, rakapiwa kuna Leopold VI Austria.

Pashure interconnected zvikepe zviviri uye akavaka shongwe uye bhiriji kuti akawa. Its pedyo neshongwe Damietta, uye Dzorudzidziso mazana matatu yaaigara. Saracens akadzivisa yakaoma, asi kubudirira akaperekedza mhomho. Vakatora pamusoro peshongwe uye akazarura zvikepe zvavo kupinda Nile.

Nei varwi havana kufamba mberi ukabata guta, vanyori venhoroondo dzekare kujeka. Panguva iyi vavabatsire akaswedera Sultan pamusoro Cairo. Pope Honorius III akatuma uto kutungamirira kwake wokuSiriya Pelagiya Albano. Kusimudza mweya St. akasvika. Frantsisk Assizsky.

Asi izvi zvose hazvina kubatsira. Panguva iyoyowo, hondo Sultan akatanga kukakavara anenge akaita basa rinokosha mune ramangwana. hondo Muslim vakadzokera shure. VaKristu akayambuka Nile, vakakomba guta uye akavaka zambuko, akatanga okukomba ake. Sultans Damassy uye Cairo vakabatana uye vakadzokera Damietta. Kunotadza vakatanga, uye Dzorudzidziso kazhinji vakundwa. Zvisinei, pakati vechiMuslim paiva nerunyerekupe kuti rubatsiro anoenda vavengi Emperor Frederick II kwakaita hondo. Vakabayira ane zvinobetsera rugare: Kuregwa Jerusarema, uye mari kudzorerwa masvingo aro. Wainamata akabvuma asi Pelagios akapofumadza mupfumi dzokubudisa zvinobvira muna Damietta akaramba. Fifth Hondo, zvinoitika, chinangwa vakatevera zvikuru zvinhu. Kungozvifunga uye chinangwa yakachena - kusunungurwa Holy weguva - the Knights vakanga hwokuzvarwa nahwo. The okukomba rwakatora.

Victory kana kukundwa?

Late kwematsutso 1219 guta vakatakura zvikuru zvokusvika nzara, mapfumo. 70 zviuru vanhu vakanga vapona shanu chete. Pelagius akanga nomufaro. All vakanga vakabatikana zvaibiwa kwakaenderera - kugadzirwa mufumi, uye hapana zvakafanira nokukurumidza aputse hondo vaMuslim. Ivo, Zvichakadai, kufanorongwa kuno rumwe pamahombekombe aNairi akakombwa kumusoro mumusasa.

mafashamo murwizi

By July 1221, vatori vazhinji vakaramba kuteerera mirayiro Pelagia. Urutakure uye vakawana kuti kutsigira hondo mambo weJerusarema. Masoja ake zviuru makumi manomwe vakaenda Sultan pamusoro Cairo. Iye akabayira rugare zvakare. Dzorudzidziso kukanganiswa Pelagia kakawanda akaramba. Vakaita chinhu. VaKristu vakawanda nokuzvidira vakasiya hondo. Ally Saracen VaMuslim vakatanga mafashamo murwizi. Vakaparadza nekiyi uye dam regai mvura pabani, apo musasa yechiKristu yaiva. Pasina zvokudya, pasina kukwanisa shure pachavo vaKristu vakatanga kukumbira rugare. Vaibvumirwa kusiya muna 1221 kuParestina. Saka ignominiously akagumisa kushingirira wechishanu (1217-1221). Migumisiro vari muchitsauko chinotevera.

migumisiro

Kufanana yapfuura, wechishanu danidziro akaratidza:

• Kakawanda kuchinja utungamiri.
• chirango Poor: asi Knights akasiya uto racho chete kungwara, kazhinji mamiriro akaoma.
• Kusada kuita cohesively vakatevera huru chinangwa - kusunungurwa Holy Land uye Mutsvene neguva.
• Makaro uye chido kubvuta pfuma.
• Kushaya rakabatana urongwa.
• Kusaziva zvepanyama ezvinhu (mafashamo vaKristu Nile abatwa takarivara).
• Zvinodikamwa Pope Honorius III kutungamirira chirongwa kuburikidza mutumwa wake.
• Unonyadzisa runyararo.

All Anoendeswa pamwe zvakatungamirira kutadza uye haana kupa migumisiro yakanaka. Yandirova zvakaoma nevaKristu European. Vakapedza mari yakawanda uye nesimba, akandomirira penya kukunda uye makomborero, ndokuguma norugare zvinonyadzisa.

Rechishanu Hondo (1217-1221): vechikamu

Hungary uye Austria vaiva pakutanga mushandirapamwe muHungary King András II uye Duke kuAustria, Leopold VI. Andras ndiyo yaiva hondo panguva dzose muHondo - 20,000 Knights. Vakanga yabatana Otto Meransky uye Count Wilhelm Dutch. Gare gare Pope Honorius III akatuma wokuSiriya ake, Pelagius, vaizviti mukuru mukuru. Korol Ioann Jerusarema, aiona zvakakodzera kuisa Damietta kuna hwake. Zvisinei, Pelagius, aiva naro. Emperor Frederick II vakatumira 1221 pasi Damietta yakawanda vavabatsire, asi akagara Europe. Panguva kuti Pope Honorius III akanga atyisidzira naye nezvekubudiswa. Ndizvo chaikonzera lesion yakawanikwa.

In mhedziso, zvakakodzera kujekesa kuti ayo huru chinangwa - the kwakaderera vechiMuslim - Europe kana rechishanu kana mune dzimwe danidziro zvisina asvika. Vanopikisa havana kuteerera European tsika. Kukudzwa nokubwinya kuna Knights havana akakundwa.