Quick reshiyo: kuti nzira nokuda pachiyero. solvency zviratidzi

Mumwe zviratidzo zvemari kutsiga kambani iri kubhadhara. Kana boka anogona kubhadhara kwayo kwenguva pfupi kwemitoro chero nguva achishandisa mari mari, zviri kuonekwa solvent.

Nyaya ino inokurukura pfungwa dzakadai liquidity, sechivako Analytical nepakati, zvokuimba nokukurumidza reshiyo, uye ano Mhedziso liquidity.

Company solvency

The chikuru chokukomborerwa solvency of zvebhizimisi ndiko kushaya nonoka nhoroondo bhadharika uye Kuwanikwa ano nhoroondo yakakwana mari. Izvi chichaitwa kana chitsama emura yesangano iri boka kusapfuudza uwandu ayo chikwereti pfupi pane imwe yakamisirwa nguva.

Current solvency kuongorora umboo hunotsigira Rwako mari: Cash Rwako anofanira kufukidza achiurayiwa ano mitoro. Future zvemari akaongorora kushandisa liquidity zviratidzo.

Zviyero papepa liquidity - nekugona kambani kutendeusira ayo zvinhu kupinda mari kubhadhara mari mitoro. The shoma nguva inodiwa yokuti mashandiro ichi, dzakanga dziri liquidity yacho kunobatsira. Panyaya iyi, mishonga nguva haafaniri kupfuudza nguva mabasa vaitire.

Liquidity wekambani - zvikuru capacious pfungwa. Rinogona kurondedzerwa se nekugona zvebhizimisi achibatsirwa nechinzwano chokunze zvinyorwa kutsvaka nzira muripo abhadhare zvavaifanira.

Task ongororo

Liquidity kuongorora panguva zvebhizimisi rinoitwa kuongorora uye kwakarurama kurapa vachida solvency. Pakuitisa kuongorora zvakadaro hunoyerwa:

• liquidity pakati kuitika yesangano iri zvebhizimisi;
• ari liquidity pachiyero wekambani rose;
• solvency wekambani pari uye mune ramangwana;
• chekambani kunopindirana mutemo zvainanga tiine runodiwa solvency;
• vangangoramba kubudirira uye dzave kutaura dzingangoitika rwakashata zvinhu.

muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano kuti midziyo

Kuongorora liquidity pachiyero jira, zvakakodzera kuenzanisa zvinhu uye munataisireva eungano. Nokuda zvimunakire kuti zviparadzanise vave mapoka akawanda, kureva chinhu Analytical nomwero.

Tsauranisa jira yesangano, zvichienderana kwavo mwero liquidity vari muzvikamu 4 mapoka.

• Boka A1 anorondedzera zvachose mvura zvinhu. In muchikwata ichi vakapinda upfumi zvemari (pfupi) uye mari Rwako. Nengaidzo pepa iri mutsetse pamwe Codes ose 1240 uye 1250.
• Boka A2 zvinosanganisira yesangano, Implementation izvo zvinogona kutora pfupi nguva. Izvi zvinosanganisira nyaya receivable (pakuenzanisa jira bumbiro 1230). Uyewo mune dzimwe manyuko kuna A2 boka rinosanganisira zvimwe iyezvino zvinhu. In boka iri, ari liquidity kunoenderana solvency pamusoro counterparties, ari marudzi muripo uye muripo nokukurumidza.
• A3 boka rine zvishoma nezvishoma realizable zvinhu. chikamu ichi zvinosanganisira mumatanda nhumbi uye zvinhu, basa mberi, VAT. Kutendeutsa zvavo mari mari vanofanira imwe nguva. Nechiyero pepa kuti A3 boka rinosanganisira mitsetse pamwe Codes 1210, 1220 uye 1260. Vamwe vanyori anosanganisira ari muchikwata ichi akamisa unhu (bumbiro 1150).
• Pakupedzisira, boka iri akataura A4 kupfuura illiquid zvinhu. Izvi yose Section I chizvidavirire mwero (bumbiro 1100).

nezvipoka Sheet

All munataisireva nepakati jira vakakamurwa zvichienderana nokukurumidzira rekuregererwa yavo boka:

• Pakazosvika p1 boka anotaurwa zvikuru kwokukurumidzira mitoro, iyo unogamuchirwa kuna pfupi-izwi payables nevashandi dzesangano, bhajeti uye extrabudgetary mari, Contractors uye bhizimisi, etc. (Code 1520).
• Boka p2 zvinosanganisira zvenguva pfupi munataisireva. kwenguva pfupi borrowings (bumbiro 1510) inogona kunzi muchikwata ichi, vamwe munataisireva (Code 1550).
• The boka P3 zvinosanganisira kwenguva refu chikwereti (bumbiro 1410).
• Boka P4 zvinosanganisira zvechigarire munataisireva, kusanganisira mari zvakarurama (Codes 1300, 1530, 1540).

liquidity ratios

Kuwedzera Mhedziso tsika anoshandiswa hama zviratidzi pakati nekambani solvency. Kusiyanisa mhedziso ratios, kutsanya uye kunopindirana liquidity.

Chimbofunga Mhedziso Ratio. Hunoratidza mugove pfupi munataisireva kuti sangano anogona kukurumidza abhadhare nokuda Pari iripo mari. Vakaverenga sezvo nhamba A1 kuti mubatanidzwa p1 uye p2. Yakakwirira Kukosha reshiyo ichi zvinoratidza kuti kambani ndicharipira zvikwereti zvayo dzakakwirira mukana.

Next reshiyo - kukosha ano reshiyo. Anoratidza sei chekambani pari munataisireva vari kufukidzwa ano zvinhu. The chakarurama anoonekwa kuti sezvinotevera: iyezvino zvinhu (A3 + A2 + A1) yakakamurwa ano munataisireva (p1 + p2). The yepamusoro kuti mamakisi, zvikuru zvakavanzika chikwereti kuti kuita ichagadziriswa.

Pakupedzisira, mwero vapenyu reshiyo - chokwadi, asi zvenguva ukoshi. Zvinobatsira kuongorora kuti boka kuchagadzirisa munataisireva ayo (pfupi) panyaya pasina mukana kuona reserves.

Izvi liquidity ratios vari dzaona kwete chete nokuda dzomunyika zvinangwa zvavakanga vachida kuita, asiwo nechitarisiko vanoshandisa.

The kukarukureta of nokukurumidza reshiyo

The kukarukureta wavapenyu reshiyo riri sezvinotevera: Verengai A1 uye A2 yakakamurwa Verengai p1 uye p2. Kuti rakaiswa numerator: mari mari + zvemari upfumi (pfupi) + receivables. The dhinomineta ndiyo uwandu pfupi-rokuti borrowings, chinoita bhadharika nezvimwe munataisireva.

Kushandisa bumbiro remitemo mitsara pakuenzanisa payakavakirwa nokukurumidza reshiyo iri sezvinotevera:

= QR + str.1250 str.1240 str.1230 + / + str.1550 str.1520 + str.1510

We ngaaverenge coefficient ari muenzaniso zvekunyepera kambani mwero. nekuyera chikwata - zviuru rubles ..

Maererano pachiyero payakavakirwa anokurumidza reshiyo musi 31.12.2016 guta vachatarira seizvi:

QR = 2 640 + 45 + 225/1 725 + 3 180 + 37 = 0,58.

Saizvozvowo isu ngaaverenge indekisi kwakaita 31.12.2015 g.:

QR = 1 570 + 14 + 68/1 615 + 1 925 + 20 = 0,46.

The kukarukureta rinoratidza kuti liquidity wechaunga akakura kutsanya.

Standard ukoshi

In mabhuku zvoupfumi, kukosha anokurumidza reshiyo anoonekwa kuti zvakajairika zviri kuwanda 0.5-1 nokukwirira. Zvisinei, nhamba dzingasiyana zvichienderana bhizimisi uye dzine kambani unoshanda. Nokudaro, chinoratidza achava 0.4-0.5 nokuda retailers.

The kuongorora vanofanira kuteerera kwete chete pane zvachose kukosha indekisi asiwo nemamiriro yenhengo dzayo. Saka, chinokosha mugove emura angapedzisira kuva receivables, izvo zvakaoma apore. Panyaya iyi, mwero vapenyu reshiyo anoonekwa kukosha kupfuura mumwe.

The mitemo Russian ine dzinoverengeka normative tsika. Saka, muna Order of kuBazi Economy № 118 kubva 18.10.1997, zvavakabvumirana mwero nokukurumidza liquidity vezvikwata uye kupfuura pamwe tsanangudzo kuti dzakaderera tsika nekambani vanofanira kugara kushanda chikwereti kudzivirira delinquency mutariri.

The Hurumende Resolution № 52 30.01.2003, ivo vakapiwa kukosha coefficient nokuda vaburitsi okurima - kubva 1,2 kusvika 1.5.

ngozi ongororo

With solvency chekambani chokuita pfungwa liquidity ngozi. Zvinoratidza rinofanira kuti kambani-anokwereta anokundikana kusangana muripo wayo sungiro zvakakwana uye panguva yakakodzera.

kupima Liquidity pangozi rinoitwa pahwaro kare mapoka yesangano uye munataisireva inokurukurwa pamusoro. Ngozi iri yepamusoro, rezasi ari liquidity pamusoro yesangano uye muripo nguva ipfupi pamusoro huripo mitoro. Kunopindirana tafura chinopiwa pazasi:

muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano kwakadaro zvakajeka zvinoratidza kuwanda emura zvinhu uye munataisireva iri hombe marongerwo. Next, nokuenzanisa rinoitwa kuti zvinhu uye munataisireva netsika mukati boka pangozi. ukama Izvi zvinoratidza mhando uye liquidity pangozi mapazi, iyo pane zvebhizimisi

Saka, pachiyero jira ichaongororwa emura kana zvinotevera Misiyano:

A1≥P1, A2≥P2, A3≥P3, A4≤P4 - ndiko kuti hapana ngozi muukama dzakadaro.

Liquidity anonzi bvumidzwa ari nhamba A1

The reshiyo A1

Pakupedzisira, apo Misiyano A1

zvakawanikwa

Liquidity zvinoratidza mwero solvency of vachida. Muna pachisara vachishandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana kuti vawane tsananguro zvizere pamusoro boka uye chaiwoiwo dzemari.

With muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano nzira kunobvumirwa ane Analytical nomwero.

Kushandisa mashoko kubva pachiyero yemaitiro nokukurumidza reshiyo, kuitika uye mhedziso liquidity, vafunga pamusoro rinomutsa kwokuchinja zviratidzi ose yesangano uye munataisireva, liquidity kuti nepakati papepa zvinhu, maererano migumisiro vakawana pamwe pamutemo uye indasitiri Avharenji.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti ongororo iri pakutsvaga liquidity ari zvebhizimisi kukwanisa kubhadhara chete pfupi (kusvika mwedzi 12).