Psychophysiology - chii ichi? Age physiology uye psychophysiology

Psychophysiology - ndiye kudzidza vasiri nezvigadziko maitiro uye basa rokufunga. Nyaya iyi inotaura mashoko anokosha pamusoro pazvo. Uchadzidza nhoroondo yaro mavambo, kunyanya nzira ukoshi hwayo, uyewo vamwe mashoko anokosha nezvesayenzi ichi.

Psychophysiology - chikamu chinokosha wepfungwa uye physiology, izvo inodzidza basa chaivo zvinhu (ivo anosanganisira ehupfumi pakati tsinga) kugovera basa mupfungwa. Nyanzvi dzinoti differential psychophysiology, matauriro uye pfungwa, manzwiro uye maonero, nzeve, manzwiro, zvemasanga chiito. Pari, zvose nzvimbo idzi unyanzvi vari kushingaira kuitwa dzakabudirira.

Chinokonzera psychophysiology

Nhasi, mubvunzo kana, mune muzvinhu zviri zvepfungwa uye physiology, achiri yakazaruka. Mumwe anogona kutaura kuti chikamu chechipiri kana wechipiri - wokutanga. Zvisinei, hapana mubvunzo kuti pfungwa uye vasiri pezvakaitwa - chikamu psychophysical rose. Hazvina zvakare hapana mubvunzo kuti pfungwa iyi yose, saka zvakakodzera kuti zvinangwa dzinobatsira, hazvigoni kuwanwa nomumwe kana physiology kana zvepfungwa. Ndiko kuti zvinodiwa nokuziva murume sezvo imwe yose, uye kwete pachokwadi chepamusoro kana musangano zvikonzero, uye bazi idzva zvipenyu inonzi psychophysiology. It inokurukura kuti navanopinda chaizvo zvakawanda nyaya. Padanho kunzwisisa zviri kudzidzwa matambudziko zviri wakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura kuti wepfungwa kana physiology oga.

Interdisciplinarity psychophysiology, probabilistic nzira

Psychophysiology - munda ruzivo rwuri multidisciplinary. It akatarisa sangano ukama ndingangokuvara mupfungwa, mumuviri, uye pakunamata mananara uye vanhu. Psychophysiology - kurangwa kuti anoshandisa ruzivo kuti zvinobudirira akagadzirwa dzemitemo, prerequisites, zvinhu uye kuziva nzira kuti kubvumira masayendisiti kuongorora yakananga pasi, inova munhu. Saka, munhu probabilistic nzira yakashandiswa. Zvakakosha kutaura mashoko mashoma nezvazvo.

Psychophysiology - sayenzi kuti vanodzidza munhu uchishandisa probabilistic nzira. Kutanga rokupedzisira wakaradzikwa muna 1867 ne Chirungu yefizikisi James Zvipikiri Munzeve Maxwell. The probabilistic nzira kuti nezvezvinotaura kuti sayenzi nokudenga. Maxwell musayendisiti wokutanga uyo akashandisa probabilistic nzira yake nokuda zvinoratidza panyama chokwadi. Vaongorori vanodavira kuti musiki Statistical wefizikisi. Probabilistic nzira ane nani chinokosha pamusoro deterministic (chinyakare). Rinopa ruzivo zvikuru zvakazara chinhu kuitwa aongororwe.

Kuunza psychophysiology

Pamutemo, yakanga yakaumbwa pakati pezana remakore rechi19. Vanoonekwa musiki zvayo A. R. Luriya, imwe Russian musayendisiti kunoshamisa (aimiririra pamusoro). With Dual dzidzo (zvepfungwa uye chetsinga), akakwanisa nokubatanidza inokosha nebudiriro anoranga aya kuva coherent rose. Mugumisiro basa iri rakanga kubatana kwakaita psychophysiology uye neuropsychology.

Kwenguva yakareba zvakanga vaifunga kuti mweya incorporeal. Nemamwe mashoko, uropi hune chokuita nazvo. Gare gare, masayendisiti akatanga kuisa pfungwa mabasa ari ventricles matatu uropi. Uyezve, mumwe nomumwe ventricles kwainzi nzvimbo kuti achengetere vakaratidza pfungwa kwomweya. Zvaidavirwa kuti yokugara yakanaka mifananidzo. Uropi anoonekwa somunhu muviri, umo upenyu simba runoyerera pasi pokudzora kuda iri chikamu muviri chaiwo migero, kunzi utano hwake.

Naizvozvo, anoonga basa Vatsvakurudzi siyana, kunyanya mudzimba (I. M. Sechenova, I. P. Pavlova, P. Ya. Galperina, A. N. Leonteva, A. R. Lurii, N. A. Bernshteyna and said. ), ndokukweverwazve kumusoro pfungwa akanaka pachena kuti chinokosha CNS (nechepakati tsinga) kuvanhu psyche.

Scientific nzira IM Sechenov

I. M. Sechenov kuva dzinongoitika nezvesayenzi nzira inokosha. Chaizvoizvo Its zvinogona pakutsvaga zvinotaurwa maviri:

• zvemarudzi ose vanoziva remangwana kana zvinofunga mananara - chibereko nechepakati tsinga uye, naizvozvo, vari pasi mitemo dzinokudziridzwa nezvimwe zvakasikwa;
• vanofanira kuomerera nheyo historicism kudzidza zvepfungwa, kureva kuenda pagomba rakadzika siyana kwayakaita kune rokumusoro, kubva nyore kune zvakaoma, kubva kudzidza psyche hwemhuka kuti adzidze specificity kwayo muvanhu.

Sechenov, zvinotaurwa izvi, vakauya pakusika pasi zvinhu dzidziso kufungisisa.

Basa I. P. Pavlova uye zvimwe zvidzidzo

In mabasa IP Pavlov, akakurumbira Russian physiologist, dzepanguva dzidziso yakazokudziridzwa. musayendisiti ichi yakatanga kushandiswa imwe nzira chinangwa nokuda kudzidza chepfungwa mashandiro anoita uropi, yaiva vakaumbwa dzepanguva. Kuushandisa kupinda pabasa, Pavlov akadzidza vasiri zvigadziriswe nenzira dzinoverengeka pezvakaitwa kuti vanoumba hwaro zvepakutanga pfungwa siyana. Zvekufamba zviri musayendisiti, uyewo vamiririri chikoro chake akavhura denderedzwa idzva iri kudzidza kwouropi webasa chiedzwa.

Gare gare, ongororo electrophysiological, nechimwe vakaumbwa hunenge, akabatsira kuumba chokuti vazhinji dzinotsanagura ari psyche vanotofanira nekutsanangura zvinoreva dzichipfekeka sangano uropi zvivako. Somuenzaniso, kuyeuka inogona anoonekwa somugumisiro excitation kubudikidza riparadzirwe muitiro neuronal nematunhu kuti dzakavharika, mimwe kutara panguva samolecular pamwero izvi kana zvimwe kuchinja.

Manzwiro pakuti sei vanoshingaira vamwe nzvimbo iri subcortical muuropi zvivako. Pari, vazhinji mupfungwa siyana kuburitswa artificially. Kuti aite izvi, mumwe zvikamu zvikuru zvokugumbukira uropi kuti vane basa navo. Ukuwo, muuropi rose mumuviri zvinokanganisawo zvose kuti chinobata zvikuru psyche yedu. Saka, mwoyo kana pagomo anogona kukonzera psychosomatic (pamuviri) zvirwere. Hypnosis anogona kubatsira kurapa kana kukonzera somatic zvirwere. Uroyi kana kutyora "kunorambidzwa" pakati chinyakare avanhu vanogona kunyange kuuraya munhu.

Kuzivikanwa uye chinangwa psychophysiology

General Psychophysiology - sayenzi mano dzevanhu kurarama utano. Clinical chete (uwane ruzivo nezvazvo anoudzwa pakuguma nyaya) anoongorora vanhu vanorwara.

Man, sezvo tichiziva, trehipostasen. Psychophysiology - sayenzi kuti inorangarira nhanho dzose sangano rayo. Man ane kubatana izvi masangano matatu mukana:

• venyama (mumuviri, zvenyama);
• vanoziva remangwana kana zvinofunga (vanoziva remangwana kana zvinofunga);
• pakunamata.

Nokudaro, psychophysiology chinhu - chaiko, hwepfungwa uye mumudzimu hunhu womunhu uye avo yakawiriranwa ukama. Izvi kuranga Vongai ibudirire kudzidza webasa Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu muuropi mhuka, uyewo maererano kurapwa kuongorora vanhu vakatanga kuonekwa kwete chete vasiri, asi Neural zvigadziriswe-siyana pfungwa inoti, pezvakaitwa uye maitiro. Modern psychophysiology iri kuroorana, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kudzidza Neural network uye Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu kuroorwa. Izvi pakutsvaga kuitika kurutivi kusangana pakati anoranga izvo kudzidza uropi kushanda siyana (neurochemistry, neurophysiology, Neuropsychology, Psychophysiology, makemikari ezvinhu zvipenyu, uye vamwe.) Mune imwe chete neuroscience.

matavi Various inotifadza chirango ine nyaya yacho. Vasiri psychophysiology Somuenzaniso, anoongorora mifananidzo maitiro, uye zvepfungwa mhinduro kuvimba ezvinhu vasiri parameters nemapinduriro mwero peripheral uye nechepakati huta hurongwa, uyewo soma rose (pamusoro hurongwa, iyo zvinyama uye cellular pamwero).

zvichireva kurangwa

Tiri kuziva chirango anotsigira zvepfungwa, neurology, wepfungwa, pedagogy uye zvemutauro. Psychophysiology - rinofanirawo kubatana, hwaishandiswa yevanhu psyche kuonekwa rose, kusanganisira dzakasiyana-siyana kunzwisisa maitiro, zvisati zvaitika akasara kudzidzwa.

Somuenzaniso, kana uchiziva kuti zvokukura ontogeny yakanyanyobatsira inonyatsoziva pedagogical zvakasiyana zvinofurira, zvinokwanisika kufurira chitange inokosha chaizvo vasiri uye psycho-vasiri kushanda, akadai ndangariro, mafungiro, kufunga, maonero, kurovedza muviri, pfungwa uye mumuviri kuita, uye vamwe. kana une pfungwa zera zvatariswa muviri wemwana, unogona zvakanaka zvinoratidza ake mano mumuviri nomupfungwa, kutanga kunzwisisa, maererano nesayenzi, valeological uye s nical zvinodiwa kuti kuzvivaraidza uye dzidzo basa, kuti aronge kwadzinoita zuva, gwenya basa uye kunovaka muviri, zvakakodzera munhu mubumbiro maitiro uye zera. Nemamwe mashoko, pedagogical zvinofurira zvinogona vakarongeka uye inoshanda chete kana ivo kufungawo zera zvinoitwa nevana uye kuyaruka, zvinoita muviri wake.

Age physiology uye psychophysiology

Age physiology - a nesayenzi kuti wakaipa zviri kushanda uye kwemashoko nhengo panguva ontogeny. It inodzidza mashandiro anoita nhengo rose, nhengo hurongwa uye munhu zvomukati sezvavanokura, kusiyana mashandiro izvi pazera siyana mumatunhu.

Ontogenesis - nechepakati pfungwa zvidzidzo zvakadai zera physiology. Wakatangwa shure muna 1866 na E. Haeckel. Mazuva ano, pasi ontogeny zvinoreva munhu kukura ane muviri muupenyu hwayo (kubvira pakunambwa rufu).

Age physiology uye psychophysiology dzakaumbwa nekaupenyu achangobva. Wekutanga anobuda kusvikira yechipiri yezana remakore rapfuura. Embryology - sayenzi kuti rinoongorora unhu uye mitemo upenyu muviri pamusoro nzendo fetus. The akazotevera zvokukura pakunamata kusvikira mukukwegura, tichifunga gerontology.

Age physiology zvidzidzo vachishandisa mitoo yakasiyana-siyana, ramakagadzwa - morphological zvechadenga muviri (kureba, uremu, muchiuno sekamufarenzi uye muchipfuva girth hudyu, mafudzi, etc.). chirango ichi mumwe matavi zvipenyu - akasiyana chaizvo-siyana zivo.

Zvinoumba ontogeny kwevanhu

Kwakabva kwevanhu nezvainoita zvinhu zvayo ontogeny. In tanga ane zvimwe zvakafanana ne ontogeny hunhu dzakakwirira primates. Zvisinei, specificity kwevanhu kuri kuti chinhu evanhu ari. It avasakadza ayo ontogeny. Chokutanga, vakawedzera nguva youduku. Izvi imhaka yokuti munhu anofanira kudzidza munzanga chirongwa panguva kudzidziswa. Uyezve, vakawedzera panguva fetus. Kuyaruka kwevanhu pashure kupfuura guru netsoko. Nguva ikure kusvetuka, uyewo yezwi yokukwegura isu yakanyatsosimbisa, mukusiyana mhuka idzi. Kunopindirana Kupona, tine zvakawanda kupfuura guru netsoko.

Zera racho uye mwero okukura

Uye nokuti mudzidzisi, uye chiremba kunokosha chaizvo kunzwisisa padanho kukura mwana naye vanoshanda. Age physiology uye psychophysiology kusarudza chii anonzi ndozvakajairwa, uye kuti - yakatsauka kubva pairi. Chero chinokosha kutsauka kukura riri kudiwa kushandisa munhu vasiri vomureza nzira kurapwa uye dzidzo. Saka, chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha mabasa ose zvepfungwa ndiko kusimbisa parameters nokududza zera muganhu.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kumhanya pakukura haina nguva dzose correlated pamwe pakuguma kwake chechetere. Tava kuderera izvi zvinowanzoita kuti kubudirira womunhu (kunyange kwapera vezera ake) Wiz. Mukupesana, kazhinji nokukurumidza kukura rapera zvakare mangwanani. Somugumisiro, munhu wokutanga nyaya tariro huru, vakura hazvirevi kuzadzisa nemigumisiro yakanaka.

Dererei pane wandei kusiyana kumhanya pakukura uye kukura. Zvisinei, zvakasiyana duku kuti kuitika mune mwero Pachine kana kutadzisa, zvinoitika kakawanda. Tinofanira kuvabata? Anoita kuratidzwa uku abnormalities kukura kana kushanduka? Age physiology rinopa mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi nemimwe. Inokudziridza nzira kutonga mwero yakatsauka kubva ndozvakajairwa uye kudiwa kutora matanho kuti kubviswa kwavo kana zvigadziriswe.

zvekuchipatara psychophysiology

Chinhu chinokosha nzvimbo kuiswa psychophysiology. It chinhu interdisciplinary munda ruzivo, rinotaura zvakasiyana siyana vasiri zvigadziriswe kwepfungwa basa kuchinja somatic uye chirwere chepfungwa, uyewo avo rokuchinja mumwe.

Clinical Psychophysiology - kurangwa iyo kunosanganisirawo kudzidza pathogenetic zvenhengo etiological zvinhu, yekosi vapore uye vabatwe psychosomatic zvirwere. Haikwanise kuita pasina ruzivo vanoverengeka nzira uye anoenderana zvidzidzo (neurochemistry, neurophysiology, experimental zvepfungwa nevropsihologii, Neuroradiology and unto.). Kuburikidza munda miedzo uye rabhoritari kuedza anogona kusarudza maitiro sei dzevanhu uye ruzivo pamutemo zvainoita pezvakaitwa uye vasiri mhinduro. Kubva ichi tinogona kuona mitemo psychosomatic ukama.

Kazhinji, non-invasively akayera vasiri tsika akanyorwa pamusoro muviri womunhu pamusoro (somugumisiro webasa dzichipfekeka hurongwa). Kushandisa sensors kuyerwa nezvavanenge ehupfumi. sensors izvi wanikidza uye panguva imwe chete zvinowedzera parameters kunotsanangurwa, saka tsika vakawana inogona dzikwanise chaivo anonongedzera. Kubva musi nzira iyi, vaongorori vanogumisa kuti chero somatic pezvakaitwa vari pamwoyo kutanga, avo simba mukufamba chokupfeka mishonga.

Saka, psychophysiology - sayenzi, tsanangudzo iyo chinopiwa pakutanga ino. Takataura pamusoro penyaya yacho, nzira, nhoroondo uye kukura, uyewo mamwe matavi zvinokosha. Psychophysiology - sayenzi kuti inodzidza kuti pfungwa uye physiology kwevanhu, saka ane interdisciplinary hunhu.