Potassium carbonate

Kubva simba carbonic asidhi (hazvinyanyi nemishonga uye anogona chete zviripo sanganisa dambudziko) nokuda kuita pamwe alkalis uye acidic svikiro akawana munyu vari kudaro kunzi bicarbonates uye carbonates, ukuwo. Zvaakazoita equations anogona kunyorwa: H2CO3 + Koh → KHCO3 + H2O uye H2CO3 + 2KOH → K2CO3 + 2H2O. Mune majana wokutanga potassium hydrogencarbonate, uye wechipiri - potassium carbonate. Formula iine acid munyu - KHCO3, uye paavhareji - K2CO3. Matadza guru potassium carbonate zvakaenzana 138,2 g / nhuta. In chitarisiko afanane munyu chena crystalline upfu, zvisina combustible, inonyunguduka pa 891 C, pasina richisvika kubika pfungwa, munyu uchiora. Potassium carbonate hygroscopic, nyore soluble nemvura: 100 ml pa 20 ° C - 110,5 g, uye nenguva 100 C - 156 g munyu. Asi imwe doro kana acetone, fuma iyi hazvirevi nyunguduka.

Mumazuva akare mazuva potassium carbonate, akadana potashi, shoko rinobva zita rechiLatin «potassa». Potashi nderimwe mukuru munyu, izvo dzave rizivikanwe vanhu kare kare. MuEurope, kusvikira pakupedzisira remakore, potashi mumwe makemikari anokosha kuti vane dzokutengesa ukoshi. MuRussia, nokuti kugadzirwa potashi naPetro Mukuru muna 1721, ari chindingindingi rakavambwa. Panguva ino, mundima Russian Federation, uyewo muArmenia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Ukraine, Turkmenistan, Moldova, Uzbekistan ari namakemikari kufukidzwa Interstate tichienzanisa GOST 10690-73. Potashi anorondedzera, maererano GOST 12.1.005-88 kune rechitatu njodzi kirasi zvinhu, uchikurukura mucous membranes kana ganda nyoro kunokonzera bundu.

Kana kunovhengana kuti potassium carbonate nemvura, ipapo yakawanda kupisa panguva yayo nemukuparadzwa, i.e. K2CO3 hydrolysis kuita exothermic, uye pasi zvinoitwa mvura nokuumbwa itsva zvinhu. Dibasic munyu carbonic asidhi ndiyo hydrolyzed stepwise. Akatanga kuumbwa iine acid munyu: H2O + K2CO3 → KHCO3 + Koh. Zvadaro, Danho rechipiri rinobva havaratidzi mvura manyowa kare iine acid munyu: H2O + KHCO3 → H2CO3 + Koh. Sezvo hydrolysis kuti potassium carbonate uyewo dzimwe munyu kusimba acids unobuda nokuumbwa hydroxyl ions OH-, ari ph avo aqueous dambudziko iri nguva dzose kupfuura 7, uye svikiro iri alkaline.

Potashi muzana remakore rechi17 zviri Russia yakanga yaunganidzwa leaching huni madota. Mumikombe zvimwiro zvakagadzirwa alkali mhinduro, spraying inodziya mvura nedota. Izvi mhinduro rakanga kudirwa chidhinha choto nokutsamwa huni. Potassium carbonate akanga akapfupikisa gobvu chaizvo rukoko pazasi pachoto pedyo chinyorwa potashi zvikaramba uye akaisa pamusoro emiti, clogging navo hermetically. Zvaida imwe unyanzvi, kuti mhinduro yakanga Ipwa, uye moto haana ukava nehanya. Naizvozvo, yokuveza "polivachey" akatanga kudzidzisa kwavo kuyaruka, uye chete pashure makore mashoma achishanda vakatodzidza zvimwe unyanzvi uye ave tenzi ndege yake. Somuenzaniso: The unopfuta moto nguva dzose kuumbwa padurunhuru chena, chikuru chacho - ndiko potashi. Today chinozoiswa mamwe maindasitiri muitiro - vakawana kuburikidza electrolysis kuti potassium hydroxide zvakapfuudzwa carbon dioxide inobvisa: 2KOH → K2CO3 + CO2 + H2O. Zvinoguma potashi uye mvura.

potassium carbonate rinoshandiswa zvaAtemisi Sipo negirazi. Murabhoritari, rinoshandiswa sechiratidzo munyoro desiccant muzviitiko apo vamwe vamiririri akadai karusiyamu chloride kana magnesium sulfate, havabvumirwi. Hazvina akakodzera kupwa acidic yeimwe, asi kungashandiswa kuomesa kwakaita Organic zvigadzirwa ane pasi zviri acidic tsvina. Potassium carbonate rinoshandiswa kuti kurwisa moto dzekirasi B, sezvo rinoreva zvemakemikari Nezvakakuyiwa uye vanokwanisa zvichivhiringidza uye kudzima combustion rikurumidze. It ane wakakwirira ukabvisa kunyatsoshanda kupfuura munyu akadai yavaibvisa carbonate, yavaibvisa sulfate, yavaibvisa fluoride kana yavaibvisa rehydrogen carbonate. Its inhibitory kunyatsoshanda kuti combustion pezvakaitwa zvakare kupfuura kuti yavaibvisa carbonate, yavaibvisa sulfate, aruminiyamu oxide uye calcium yakawanda carbonate. Muna girazi indasitiri K2CO3 rinoshandiswa kugadzirwa Murabhoritari (refractory), Manyiminya kana potashi girazi, uye girazi kuti glassware gadzira. Uyezve, potashi kudiwa ari makemikari, zvokurima, zvokurapa uye zvokudya Mazinga.