Pfungwa kupatsanurwa kwemasimba, kana democratic utungamiriri iri rakatangwa

Kazhinji, munhu democratic mamiriro Rinobatanidzwa ne wakaenzana kuvapo zvose zvayo masangano. Izvi zvakakonzera dzidziso kupatsanurwa kwemasimba, nheyo iyo dzakaiswa neboka rose renyeredzi vazivi vakakurumbira. Chii ndiwo sechivako nyika? Kupa mhinduro hwakadzama mubvunzo uyu, zvakakodzera kwete chete kudzidza zvazviri, asiwo kuzivisa inotungamirwa kwayo.

Pfungwa kupatsanurwa kwemasimba - dzakaitika zvayakaita

Kana tikaronda dzidziso simba, zvinova pachena kwazvo kuti ayo chinzvimbo akanga dzakachinjwa yekudyidzana. Chero zvakanga, asi vakawanda yevanhu, simba rakanga kusimbiswa rimwe tsime. Pakutanga zvakanga rudzi, zvino kanzuru nevakuru, ipapo iye mukuru kana mutungamiri. Pamwe kwaita hurumende sezvo muchimiro sangano munzanga, simba rose rakanyonganiswa kana kuti mambo (sezvo Egipita) kana kuti collegial muviri (sezvinoratidzwa mienzaniso Rome yekare uye Greece yekare). Saka kwagara pamusoro nezvakatongwa, Executive uye mapazi kwemitemo. Asi kunyange panguva iyoyo kure pakati vazivi uye vezvematongerwo famba takasununguka pfungwa kugoverana navo. Izvi runoratidzwa nemabasa Aristotle, Plato, Polybius.

Zvisinei, yainyanya Data maonero yakabuda panguva Renaissance, akatambanudza Parainge pakutanga kwezana iyi uye Kujekerwa. Saka, yakakurumbira musayendisiti Dzhon Lokk uye Thomas Hobbes mubasa rake nheyo nharo kuti semhedziso umambo anofanira chete vanhu. pfungwa dzavo vanotsigirwa uye dzinokura SH.-L. Montesquieu, nokuda iyo paiva ano pfungwa kupatsanurwa kwemasimba.

Pfungwa kupatsanurwa kwemasimba - yazvino pfungwa

Modern Western omumwe ehurumende anoti zvose mapazi kuti kuparadzaniswa mumwe. kureva zvemitemo, matare uye Executive masimba vanofanira pamwe nemumwe mazano okuzvimirira uye akaenzana. Hazvina pfungwa iyi kushanda democratic nyika akaisa mberi Pfungwa kupatsanurwa kwemasimba.

Asi nei tiomerere mashandiro iyi kushanda? Mhinduro iri mubhuku musimboti dzidziso. Maererano naye, panguva mapazi ehurumende dhipatimendi uye masangano ezvidzidzo nayo hakubvisi chaizvo mukana wevasungwa zvikuru masimba kubva yakananga boka. Saka, pane vana mazano pamusoro izvo kuvakira Pfungwa kupatsanurwa kwemasimba Montesquieu:

- izvi zvitatu matavi hurumende inofanira zvinoratidzwa huru mutemo wenyika uye maererano naye neKomisheni miviri yakasiyana;

- zvitatu simba kushanda pamwe, asi kwete pasi mumwe;

- havana kodzero kupindira mune masimba nemumwe;

- kuzviomesera apolitical edzimhosva.

Zvinonzi papfungwa inokosha misimboti akati nekuita Kuvamba Executive uye kwemitemo. Pfungwa kupatsanurwa kwemasimba rinotaura mashandiro ichi sezvinotevera: macheki uye pachiyero. It rinoshandiswa zviitiko apo vamiririri nezvemarudzi maviri nemaune kutyora yezvinoreva kwokubatsira mumwe.

Kuwedzera mashandiro ichi, dzidziso kupatsanurwa kwemasimba zvinobatsira zvakarurama Nenyaya Iyi, izvo vehurumende vanofanira kuiswa imwe hofisi.

Saka, chikuru mutumbi zvemitemo simba ndiye Paramende. Zvichienderana nyika, zita raro zvinogona dzakachinjwa. Zvisinei, pfungwa huru inoramba chete - kukura uye kuitwa mitemo.

By varikutonga hurumende rakava pakati ayo STRUCTURAL dzakabatana, kuti kururamisira, ukuwo, matare. Vakatsaurirawo yokupedzisira pamire Romutemo. Pakazosvika duality yawo zvisarudzo, simba nyika vakasarudza govera siyanei ruzhinji-law sangano, icho anoita se mugoveri pakati ose STRUCTURAL zvinhu ehurumende.

Zvakazara. Kujekerwa dzidziso kupatsanurwa kwemasimba Montesquieu achiri chinhu chinokosha nezvokuvapo vakawanda kunyika dzokuMadokero. Ndokusaka anyatsonzwisisa ayo chaizvo kunotibvumira kupa nechinangwa kunyatsoongorora kwete bedzi nzira hurumende, asi utongi enyika.