Orthoptera Zvipembenene: rondedzero, unhu, marudzi uye kupatsanura

Kirasi rezvipembenene yokuzviparadzanisa orthopters pamusana anenge 25 thous. Species, 651 vavo ndezvaJehovha Zvisaririra marudzi. Vanopinda murayiro novokrylyh uye vane kukwana kutendeuka. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mushure chidzoke yacho mazana ane kufanana mukuru zvipembenene, izvo zvinoreva kuti vave maziso akakura, mouthparts mamiriro zvakafanana uye kutanga wamapapiro ramangwana. Zita nesayenzi idzi mazana - nymphs. Ngatitorei tarisa, zvimwe zvipembenene Orthoptera tinosangana kazhinji, uye zvatinoziva pamusoro pavo.

STRUCTURAL zvinhu

Yokuzviparadzanisa Orthoptera Orthoptera akadana Latin. Dzimwe nguva anonzi Saltatoria. Kukupfura huviri yoga suborder: Nematocera uye korotkousyh.

Kakawanda Orthoptera tumbuyu vane muviri mamiriro akafanana. Zvinonzi elongated, ane musoro nokururama guru uye dzakabudirira meso. Dzichiruma mouthparts kazhinji rinotungamirirwa downwards, asi mune dzimwe mhuka (crickets) - mberi. Nechemberi musoro riri tunonzwa maumbirwo siyana.

Chest uye musana akakamurwa zvikamu zvitatu. Pronotum kwakasimbiswa lateral lobes kwete kufukidza musoro wake. Middle uye shure zvikamu shure zvichienderana uye vakaparadzana nevanhu unopinza stitches. Izvozvo zvinongofanana nokushandura mazuva nepakati uye neshure zvikamu zamu.

Orthoptera Zvipembenene vane maitiro chimiro makumbo hadzi. Vari elongated achienzaniswa mberi uye vane ukobvu ari muhudyu, izvo chinopa kugona kusvetuka. Zvisinei, pane mhando kuti vakafirwa kukwanisa kusvetuka. On hadzi tibia makumbo vari vazhinji pemhinzwa, uye pakupera - a Spurs shoma. Front uye makumbo pakati rakagadzirirwa achimhanya, kuchera kana rwakabata kufamba.

Tupukanana of murayiro Orthoptera ane gobvu elytra Rakaunyana chivako chine muzvizhinji pakati mutsinga. Ivo iri huru chikamu zvakarekodhwa mudziyo. Mapapiro Tupukanana ichi vari dzinoshandisa serin'i. Seri mudumbu rinoguma mumagaro mundiro, vokupedzisira iyo sternite varume sikarudzi dziri, uye vanhukadzi - the ovipositor.

kupatsanura

Masayendisiti yakakamurwa zvinotevera mapoka rezvipembenene: Tarakanov, Orthoptera, earwigs, uye zvichingodaro. Vose vari zvine kukwana metamorphosis. Zviripachena, zvakafanana ichi nyanzvi zvakakwana chokubatanidza vave mumwe chikwata. Vamwe nguva vanodzidza vaidavira kuti Orthoptera zvipembenene ndezvaJehovha superorder pryamokryloobraznyh uye zvinosanganisira mhashu, crickets, mhashu, medvedok, earwigs, mapete mantids. Mashoko aya anonzi chechokwadi kusvikira pakupera rokupedzisira remakore. Asi nhasi, pashure zhinji zvaanorumbidza uye kuenzanisa, mu superorder pryamokryloobraznye vanosanganisira Orthoptera, kureva mhashu, crickets, medvedok, mhashu imwe yoga yokuzviparadzanisa - earwigs.

Old shamwari - hwiza

Ungafungidzira kuti zvose kujairana kubva pauduku hwiza, dzinopiwa remabhuku mirairo tupukanana Panyika? Plain "trills" muduku muimbi anzwa kwenguva refu kuti zvakaoma kufungidzira. Flying mhashu handizivi sei, asi ndinoonga kuti simba kusvetuka-musana makumbo, kure akashivirira, kubatsira pachake mutete pahupamhi mapapiro. Vamwe tatamuka kuti kusvetuka tupukanana vanogona inofananidza kubhururuka. An dzinonakidza chinoratidza hwiza - anoita ruzha uye anonzwa tsoka dzavo!

Zvakaoma kufungidzira, asi nemhashu nzeve Makumbo pamberi uye akaronga nayo pamusoro chete somunhu. Dzakaonda Kamudzira vibrates achifuridzirwa inzwi, vibrations vavharirwa vasanonoka huta zvinyama vari kupatsanurwa uye akatumira pfungwa dzavo. Rinobudisa chaiwo trills hwiza makumbo uye elytra. In vanhurume, pane "girazi" uye "Bow", riri kurudyi nokuruboshwe bapiro mhosva. Kuhwina makumbo uye mapapiro vibrating, inongorira segwenhure hwiza, iyo inorondedzera miganhu nharaunda yayo uye kukwezva vanhukadzi.

humbwe

Cricket uye cricket - omnivorous nezvipembenene. Zvisinei, zvatinofarira ravanopa muriwo zvokudya.

Crickets vanozivikanwa manheru kwavo "vachiimba". Zvipembenene izvi kazhinji kugadzirisa mudzimba dzavo, kuwana pachake rima yakavandika nzvimbo. Zvakasikwa vakachera pachavo makomba vavo vaduku kuti chando. Cricket kukwanisa emit akasiyana acoustic anonongedzera, mumwe aida nzwisiso vanhukadzi uye dzinga vamwe vakwikwidzi.

Medvedka

Chidembo uyewo anochera tunnels. It kazhinji kunotungamirira upenyu pevhu, kuwana pachavo pano, kwete chete zvokudya asiwo pokuvanda. Hadzi makumbo rezvipembenene izvi haina dzakabudirira uyewo kuti mhashu uye crickets, asi mberi vane simba kuchera dzakaoma ndima pevhu.

Chidembo crickets usiku anogona kuuya pamusoro. Zvipembenene izvi inogona kubhururuka, asi havagutsikani. Mapapiro nhuta crickets vari kuumbwa nenzira yakadai kuitira kuvhiringidza nayo kufamba pasi pasi neshure.

Chidembo crickets kazhinji vasarudze upenyu floodplains, asi kakawanda anoitwa inowanikwa minda neminda yemiti. For truckers medvedok kubvuta aigona kuva nenjodzi chaiye.

earwigs

Sezvatotaurwa, earwigs - imwevo chairema iri superorder pryamokryloobraznyh. Vane zvidiki kwamapapiro pfupi uye muviri refu. Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana earwigs kuita zvakasiyana kubhururuka. Mumwe haana kubhururuka, vamwe nhunzi, asi zvakaipa.

Earwigs - omnivores, earwig tumbuyu. The kufarira nzvimbo kugarwa kwavari - nharaunda kaganhurana ugaro kwevanhu. Zvipembenene kukonzera kukuvara rori zvirimwa, asi panguva imwe chete kuvadzivirira inda dzemuriwo uye dandemutande mites.

Earwigs vanoda kuti chivanze maruva. Vanoparadza Roses, peonies, phlox, asters, asi kufara kuruma muriwo uye mudzi zvirimwa, musarasa vaduku mizambiringa yakabva kumwe uye kubva zvishongo plantings.

Masayendisiti zvinorondedzerwa anopfuura 1300 marudzi rezvipembenene vanenge makumi maviri vavo kuitika latitudes edu. Kuwedzera vamiririri mhenyu zvegadheni yose mwaka, uye pane earwigs mayflies, ane upenyu wose dzichibhururuka mumaawa 24.

We vafunga

Zvipembenene of kurongeka - Tarakanov, Orthoptera, earwigs, mayflies - anonakidza kuongorora. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane pachake zvachiri. Mumwe anoimba manheru kuchiuto nziyo vanhukadzi, mumwe anokwanisa chose zvirimwa zvokurima. Kuongorora tsika dzavo, tinogona kunzwisisa ukuru njodzi kumba kwako kana bindu. Izvi zvichabatsira kuti kutora matanho mukurwisa tupukanana pamunda uye muriwo runofarira.