Orleans, France: History uye zvinotyisa

Orleans, France - rimwe remaguta ekare ari ekare apo yechipiri pakukura munyika, inozivikanwa akunde Chirungu, iyo inotungamirirwa yakakurumbira Joan pakati Arc. Zvino guta riri guru maindasitiri, waini uye anonhuwira nechepakati France. It kunokwezva vashanyi dzomutambo nhoroondo yaro uye mapurani sezvivako.

History Orleans

The havaoni ari maguta amarudzi Gauls, wakavaka sechinhu chiteshi chengarava riri Loire River, uye kushandiswa zvoupfumi uye zvokufambisa nechepakati France. Zvisinei, muna 52 BC. e. yakaparadzwa nemauto eRoma aitungamirirwa Yuliem Tsezarem.

Revival Orleans akatora makore 200, kana akasvika simba, mambo Mark Avrely, pashure chaakapa zita Avrelianuma (1275 muziviswe). Zita iri riri kare 17 emakore, akanga verenga panguva iyo, nokuda phonetic kuchinja mutauro sezvo Orleans (France).

Pashure pokuwa hweRoma Avrelianum yakava guta guru roumambo, kunyange makore zana mashoma - guta guru duchy, kutongwa vehama French madzimambo.

Orleans nzvimbo akasarudzwa nokuda napedyo kurwizi dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana pairi zvikepe vakauya kuna France nhumbi kubva pasi pose. Zvadaro, atova pakaoma, vakayambuka mhiri kuna Paris, iri chete 100 km kubva muguta.

Muzana remakore rapfuura, Orleans Aigara pasi kurwiswa uye hondo, uye VI. nemakore 38 okuberekwa akabereka pakati nyika nokuda vemachechi (Vapristi Meeting) akabata pano dzechitendero. Nokuti dzimwe nguva pashure weboka iri vechiFrank hurumende guta rakava guta guru roumambo Orleans. Sezvo X iri. riri kuonekwa guta rechipiri muFrance, nzvimbo yechipiri muna kukosha bedzi Paris.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvakaitika muna XIII remakore. - kuwanikwa kuyunivhesiti, zvokuti guta rinova muzinda esayenzi France.

Orleans kuMiddle Ages uye kutanga XIX remakore.

Muzana XV remakore. The Orleans aiva chiitiko chinokosha, siya zvikasawanirwa munhoroondo France uye England, zviri pano kuti pamusoro makore 100 hondo pakati penyika mbiri nemhaka mauto, uyo akatungamirira Joan pamusoro Arc, kuti ndiwane vari kunetsana ichi, achibva agamuchira honorary wenyaya "The Maid pamusoro Orleans" .

Chimwe zuva risingakanganwiki munhau French, asi kusiririsa - muna 1572 muguta maiva St. Bartholomew kuti Night, rwakazokura hondo yechitendero yokupedzisira pakati pevaKaturike Huguenots. Humwe usiku pano akafa rufu rwechisimba anenge 1 zviuru. Huguenots.

Chimwe kukombwa guta paaiva 1870s, uye gare gare akabatwa uto Prussian.

Dzokerai simba kuna Bourbon hwedzinza

Pakutanga XIX remakore. nyika kwave kuchiratidzwa Nhoroondo dzoga zvikuru pashure kuwa Napoleon akadzokera nesimba, imba youmambo yacho Bourbons. Izvi yakakanganiswa Napoleon wakatiza Elba, apo ari muutapwa, kuedza kudzokera simba. Zvisinei, ake 100-zuva ushe yakaguma kukundwa kuti akuvadzwa mauto yaisanganisa muEngland uye Prussia panguva Hondo Waterloo. Pashure paizvozvo, Napoleon akaendeswa kuutapwa St. Helena.

Kubvira 1814 munhoroondo yacho Restoration pechikuva kunotanga muFrance uye Bourbon Orleans. Pakutanga akasvika simba Lyudovik Xviii, ipapo - Charles X, uyo akauya hama dzake duku uyo akaurayiwa muna 1792 panguva First French Revolution, King Louis XVI. Nguva iyi anova akasiyana epachivande uye rangano, raisanganisira vaimbova Napoleon uye vakawanda Republicans.

Lyudovik Xviii akanga atova nemakore mazhinji, akasiya kuchinja ari Civil Code uye administrative nemamiriro mamiriro, kana rakazoshandiswa rechiFrench remitemo, hwakarongwa Chirungu.

Charles X akanga asina vavariro kusimudzira Ultra Party kuti hurumende mbiru, asi kubva 1827, pashure musarudzo, ivo Liberals akatanga kusvika mushumiri mbiru. In France, Bourbons uye Orleans (8 kirasi kudzidza zvidzidzo kare) akanga ezvinhu kunokonzerwa sizvo wokuti hurumende Kusagutsikana zvavo vemo, izvo zvakaita kuti mumwe chimurenga.

Revolution pamusoro 1830

July 1830 chakaratidza pokuchinja kuParis, panguva iyo Charles X rakaparadzwa, uye panzvimbo yacho pagere wokupedzisira French Korol Lui Philippe I, Duke pamusoro Orleans (zita akatakurwa pamwe 1800).

France uye Bourbon Orleans kubva Revolution kusvikira kumugumo 1848 vakanamatira mutemo zvinhu zviri Charter (1830), waimira sehwaro zvechitendero pave nekuenzanirana, ari nokubatanidzwazve ari nesarudzo mutemo uye rutapudzo pakati simba simba roumambo. Lui Kuvshinov panyaya iyi yakanga dzakakurumbira pakunzi "mugari mambo". Panguva yokutonga kwake kwaiteverwa kusagadzikana mumagakava upenyu munyika, vakawanda runofarira kwavavengi vake, Republican kumukira, uye kunyange kuurayiwa.

Nzvimbo murombo muFrance uye Bourbon Orleans kubva Revolution pakati 1830 uye haana kuchinja; mushure pakupora pakutanga 1840s zvoupfumi yakauya kudzikira, akatanga kuwedzera kwemabasa, kuti impoverishment wevashandi mberi. Kutanga kubva 1846, upfumi munyika kunobva mwoyo, achiperekedzwa murimi mudiki kwezvematongerwe. February 1848 pakataurwa erection pakati kwezvinovharidzira mumigwagwa Paris uye akakurumbira mhirizhonga, sezvo kwaiva kutanga Republic Second. King Lui Kuvshinov akatizira England, iye abdicated.

Kudzorera Orleans pashure pehondo

Panguva Second World War guta munguva kubvira 1940 kusvika 1944 akanga ari mumaoko Nazi mauto. Panguva yake pokusunungurwa, ivo US Air Force iri zvachose wakabhombwa peguta vakaparadzwa zvivako uye sezvivako.

Saka, mumakore post-hondo, zvivako vazhinji yakavakwazve maererano ekare mabasa uye vanodhirowa apo kuramba werudzii, asi kufungisisa ano senga zvivako.

Orleans, France Attractions

Mumwe zviratidzo vagari vanotenda Orleans Jeanne d'Arc, izvo guta rino rava akakurumbira sezvo murwi uye weNobel a, saka vakawanda zvinokwezva guta rwakazvitsaurira kwaari.

The chikuru Cathedral pamusoro Orleans (France) - St. Koror, yakavakwa muna XIV remakore. mukutevedzera Paris-Notre Dame. Zvakange kuvakwa panzvimbo yetemberi, apo Joan pakati Arc vaipemberera kukunda nehondo uye vagari. On kumabvazuva parutivi France yetemberi unoitwa panzvimbo Gothic manyorerwo, kumavirira - nenzira yakasiyana zvachose, Romanesque. Zvakaitika nokuda kuparadzwa muna 1568 Huguenot vapanduki. Panguva XVI-XIX emakore, Church chakagadziriswa, chii zvinozoita akauya yakasiyana zvachose ezvivako uye vavaki. Chinonyanya achangopfuura dzakavakwa bhero shongwe, kubva izvo, nemhaka kukwirira kwayo 80 m, akanaka maonero muguta rose. Stained girazi nemahwindo yacho Church zvinoratidza nyaya musikana uyo akaponesa guta kubva rakakombwa upenyu.

On the nechepakati pachivara pane shongwe Martrois Maid pamusoro Orleans (muvezi E. Fuat), uye kwete kure nayo - a miziyamu rwakazvitsaurira kwaari zvazvo. The Monument rakadzikwa muna 1855 panzvimbo yakare akaparadza panguva chimurenga, vakakanda kubva British cannons usashanda uye yakashongedzwa Bhanabhasi-reliefs unoratidza mabasa Jeanne.

, который занимается сбором всех документов, которые имеют отношение к ее жизни. The Orleans kubva muna 1974 pane Center of Joan pamusoro Arc, iyo anounganidza zvose zvinyorwa zvine chokuita noupenyu hwake.

Orleans Museum

Mumwe zvinokwezva muguta, kwakaratidzwa nezita Jean d'Arc - aimbova kumba Duke pakati Orleans, apo iye akagara kwemazuva anoverengeka muna 1429 pashure rokuvakazve pano ari miziyamu renhoroondo France, unonzi "Imba Joan pakati Arc", iro rinotaura pamusoro Maid ose Orleans upenyu kubva pakuzvarwa mune rimwe mumisha Lorraine pamberi kuurayiwa. Mumwe Exhibits ndichizivisa kukombwa muguta 1429, inoshanyirwa kuratidzira yakatsaurirwa kuna Middle Ages.

Historical uye Archaeological Museum unoshanda kubva 1823 uye anoratidza vashanyi yawanikwa Gallo neyechiRoma (dzakaunganidzwa zvicherwa zvakawanwa zvakare Bronze Age), yakawanikwa nevanochera yechipiri yezana XIX remakore. Uyewo pakunzwisisa yeMiddle Ages uye Renaissance. The miziyamu akaratidza siyana handicrafts uye chivezwa. Zvinonzi muNzvimbo chete pakuvaka Kabyu, uyo kamwe anonzi Imba Diane of Poitiers.

Mumwe zvivako zvikuru yakaisvonaka Orleans (France) - Groslo Mansion, yakavakwa manyorero Burgundy, "Towers" iri XVI remakore. mapurani Du Serso. Kwenguva yakati maigara Mambo François II, uye panguva chimurenga mahofisi meya wacho yaiva. The omukati uye fenicha vanosara kuchinja.

Museum of Arts Akanaka anopa mabasa French uye European vanatenzi kuti kupenda, chivezwa, fenicha nemidziyo, kusanganisira nhevedzano mabasa nokuda vemifananidzo pakati XVII-XIX emakore. pastels (vaiona rechipiri pakukura kuunganidzwa mushure Louvre). Kune kudzimba Art Nouveau uye ano, kazhinji inoshanyirwa kuratidzira.

Royal Bridge pamusoro Loire - mumwe zvinokwezva Orleans (France) - akavaka varayirwa King George chechi5, iyo akada kwaari kufamba uye kunakidzwa guta. It chinobatanidza kumahombekombe France mukuru rwizi, kuvapo iyo chokuita nenhoroondo uye upfumi munyika. Nhasi pwere iri kushandisa nzvimbo iyi kuti kumbofamba-famba nepakati peguta.

Museum Charles Peguy, chizvarwa Orleans, uyo akava nyanduri uye munyori, riri mu neimba yakanaka iri Renaissance manyorero. Heano bust ake uye anoshanda stylized Ages zvakavanzika dzechitendero.

Joan pamusoro Arc muna Orleans mazororo

Zororo racho rokutanga Orleans (France), yakatsaurirwa kuna Joan pamusoro Arc, rakarongwa neDare City muna 1435, panguva iyo kuratidzwa kwe kutamba "Chakavanzika kukombwa Orleans," reproduces chaizvo zviitiko zvose. Yakanga kunyange mumwe shamwari Joan pakati Gilles of Rais, zvishoma mari ne mutambo. The vanonyanya kutaurwa - mukomana, uye mwero, izvo anosarudza vagari uye City Hall.

Kubvira ipapo, mumwe gore musi waMay 8, vakaita mutambo nechepakati cheguta, kunze dzinoitwa chete munguva yehondo dzechitendero. Muzana remakore rapfuura, kufanorongwa kuchinja duku, akawedzera vatambi, akatanga mhemberero yacho bust Musikana rackets.

Muzana XIX remakore. paitonga Mambo Lui Filippa nayo akanzi National zororo kubva 1920 chechi uye ruzhinji zororo musi May 8 akanga akabatanidzwa.