Order St. Catherine Guru: History

Pakati shoma mibayiro kubva tsarist Russia, regenerated mune post-Soviet nguva, vainyatsotarisirwa vanofanira kupiwa Order of St. Catherine, tsananguro uye nhoroondo zvakanga nyaya ino. Sezvaiitwa apfuura, uye nhasi iri wakaiswa kukudza vakadzi vane chinokosha dhigirii pamberi Russian. Zvisinei, paiva nomumwe kunze, izvo dzichakurukurwa pazasi.

Dzokununura rupo kuna Catherine I

Nyaya sei paiva Order of St. Catherine Guru, ndizvo kujairika kwazvo mharidzo netsika dzayo kunokonzera vamwe dzekare chokwadi pakati dzimwe mibayiro yacho Petrine yaitonga. Hwakabatana pamwe chete Prut pamushandirapamwe raPetro I, akatorwa navo 1711 hondo Turkish, uye dzakaguma zvikuru kwaari.

Ezvinhu zvakadai kuti mauto Russian, uyo pakati aiva mambo wake, Catherine I, takakombwa nemauto evavengi. Mamiriro acho ezvinhu akaoma, asi iye akawana nzira kubva Empress kumamwe chiokomuhomwe hweOttoman Mutungamiriri zvose zvayo pfuma zhinji. In kuonga chiito ichi rakaponesa hondo kubva pakuparadzwa, uye vaviri kubva kubatwa uye zvichiita rufu mambo zvakananga nokuda mudzimai wake akasimbisa Order of St. Catherine.

Maitiro hwakafanira Empress

Sezviri pachena, chiri ngano, nokuti maererano zvakachengetedzwa magwaro zvinozivikanwa kuti rubles ndarama zana nemakumi mashanu zviuru dzinounzwa pfumbamuromo vakuru vakuru vane uori kubva Turkish papfuma, iyo panguva iyoyo yaiva huru chitsama. Mukuwedzera, pokuita Prut mushandirapamwe Danish Wenyika akayeuka netsamba dzake kuti Empress ndeake zvishongo asina chibayiro, uye kuparadzira dhipoziti iri pedyo wemapurisa, pamusoro kusiya zvakatipoteredza tichadzoka.

Zvichida anofa nendarama, uye hapana kuita, asi nokuratidza nechinguvana ngozi-soro muenzaniso woushingi uye kuzvidzora, zviri, maererano neuchapupu vechikamu zviitiko, yakanga anotonga saka zvinokosha Pakadaro, kunotsigira, uye vakagamuchira Order of St. Catherine Guru Martyr maitiro hwakafanira Empress. Chero zvazvingava, zvikazooneka kuti vakakodzera ichi rukudzo mukuru.

The Order St. Catherine: unhu uye mamiriro

Munguva kubva 1714 kusvika 1917, mubayiro ichi chaiva chechipiri pakukura pakati dzimwe mibayiro yeRussia uye akanga madhigirii maviri. Chokutanga, yainzi "Grand Cross", akagadzirirwa chete awarding vanhu kutonga House. dhigirii Chechipiri, rinozivikanwa "Small kana kavalerstvenny muchinjikwa" hwakagadzwa nokuda vamiririri rokumusoro kwamachinda. Award award ichi kwakapiwa kodzero kunzi Vakadzi kana kavalerstvennogo muchinjikwa guru kuti aiva kunowanokudzwa.

dhigirii imwe neimwe Order inoenderana ayo nezviratidzo nenyeredzi, aiva mumwe sezvo zvakafanana uye Misiyano. Muna 1856, Kesari Alexander II chirevo maererano iyo, chokutanga dhigirii menduru Michinjikwa yakashongedzwa ngoda, uye wechipiri - nedhaimani.

Munguva nekutambira nguva pakati muchinjikwa, akashongedzwa nemwaranzi goridhe, akaisa medallion agere Catherine. In maoko musande raiiswa muchinjikwa guru rine muchinjikwa duku iri pakati, uye Palm.

Above musoro wake akanga akanyorwa kuti chidimbu CBE, izvo zvaireva - St. Velikomuchenitsa Ekaterina. Mumwe chidimbu, rine mabhii DSFR zvakafananidzwa pamuchinjikwa guru, uye raiva kutanga mutsamba Latin okuti Ishe, salvum fac Madzimambo, izvo zvinoreva kuti "Mambo ngaararame."

Sezvineiwo rakanga yakaitwa uye neizvi kurutivi muchinjikwa. Iye akaisa mufananidzo segondo uye gondo, kuparadza nyoka mujinga neshongwe, pamusoro waiva dendere pamwe Chick. Pano aiva chinyorwa Latin, shanduro kwainge "In mabasa ichienzaniswa wake." Iye aifanira kusimbisa pachavo dhigirii paakavapa.

Pakati masere rwakavakwa sirivha nyeredzi rejira aiva kumativi medallion pamusoro dzvuku munda, rakanga anofananidzwa pamuchinjikwa, nenzwi rakanyorwa - ". Nokuti Rudo uye Yababa" Mashoko aya akanga ari chiratidzo Order.

Tsika yakatangwa Catherine I

Kusvikira pakufa Peter I, akatevera, muna 1725, yakanga paakavapa ari Order kwete. tsika iyi hwakagadzwa Catherine I, uyo nhaka choumambo uye akapa Order avanasikana vake mushakabvu murume - Anna uye Elizabeth (uyewo akazopiwa korona weRussia). Munguva kwake ndiko chemhando rukudzo paakavapa vanhu vasere kubva chemhando dare denderedzwa.

Panguva yokutonga kwake, izvo kwemakore maviri, ari Order of St. Catherine akava soro mubayiro nokuda chikuru vakadzi vakagamuchira hazvisi chete (uye kwete kwazvo) mabasa ake, asi somubayiro nokuda pamabasa avo varume avo vakabata chemhando pachena hofisi. tsika iyi rave kuramba mumakore tevera.

Awards nokugamuchirwa pakuzvarwa uye kuti rinokosha mabasa

Kunyange zvakawanda vakarerwa mamiriro sezvakarayirwa Emperor Paul I, wakati yakabudiswa muna 1797 chirevo, maererano iyo, vari paakavapa nomumwe akaberekwa Grand Duchess, kureva, mumwe mwanasikana achitonga mambo. Sezvo pamadzimambo Russian vari kunyanya kuzivikanwa ane enviable wokubereka, nhamba awardees vakazochinja yakawedzera zvinooneka. Vanakomana vose madzimambo, agamuchira wenyaya yokuberekwa machinda makuru, akanga paakavapa ari Order of St. Andrew.

Zviya, chimiso ichi anosarudza bytuyuschey mazuva ano tsika kupfeka mwana vasikana Pink RIBBONS uye vakomana - yebhuruu, izvo rinoenderana ruvara nemabhande huru madzishe uye duchesses.

The nezvetsika awarding ari Order - ayo mamiriro - haina kutaurwa zvakananga, nokuti anotsigira sei izvozvo vamushumire, saka, kodzero vasanangurwa vaida wakapiwa namambo. vari kazhinji kupiwa vanhu vakazvichenesa kusiyaniswa mumunda voruzhinji kana rudo. Kazhinji akagamuchira kuti mipiro mikuru, akaita kuti adzikinure vaKristu pakutapwa fuza, uyewo kuziva zvazvakanakira rokuchengeta School guru kuti Noble rweVasikana.

Abolition uye haizopereri Kwemitambo Order

Tsika iyi yakaramba kusvikira zviitiko zvinoshamisa kuti zvinopindura muna 1917. Pasati mwedzi pashure nokutora simba, kuti Bolsheviks wakaparadza mubayiro ichi, nokuti akanga akaronga kuvinga vamiririri veboka noruvengo kwavari. Akararamazve kuti Order St. Catherine akanga atova mazuva edu achishandisa chirevo wakabudiswa muna May 2012. Russian President Dmitry Medvedev. Nhasi, sapakutanga, ndiyo imwe nyika-soro mibayiro.

Order of Saint Catherine ari Martyr Great (Russian Federation)

Ngationei uchifunga kuti nhasi wokuva yakatangwa Peter I. iyi itsva, zvakafanana yayo nhoroondo kumumvuri pamusoro Order of St. Catherine (RF) rine nyeredzi uye chiratidzo chakafanana denderedzwa medallion yaiva nechepakati sirivha-gilt kuyambuka. Mumwe kuguma muchinjikwa chakagadzirirwa sechipo yendarama mwaranzi mana wakashongedzwa chishongo uye vakaparadzana nevanhu mangoda maviri. Central medallion takapoteredzwa chishongo yakaisvonaka okuyamura marin'i, akafukidza yebhuruu enamel pamwe enamel wakavhomorwa pairi mufananidzo St. Catherine.

Yokumusoro Chikamu inopiwa ane mhete insignia, pamusoro izvo wakamanikana kutwasuka Akazadzisa furemu wakashongedzwa mhuri nedhaimani wezvamatongerwe wehunyambiri mutsetse. It vakayambuka mhete tepi, vakaradzikwa muchimiro uta uye makapfeka neizvi parutivi mudziyo kuti achabatanidza kuti zvipfeko. Insignia ane kukura 45 X 40 millimeters uye kunogona wakaiswa kuti sirika Moire dzvuku tepi ane sirivha discontinuous pomukombero.

Bheji of Order of St. Catherine rinoenderana imwe sirivha sere nyeredzi pakati iyo akaisa kumativi medallion dzvuku ruvara pamwe mufananidzo State Emblem of Russian Federation, takapoteredzwa muganhu akanyorwa "Nokuti ngoni".

Kusara kuti mutemo

Muna September 2012, Order of St. Catherine, pikicha iyo chinopiwa munyaya yakatanga paakavapa kumurume. Hurumende chisarudzo ichi rukudzo mugari wenyika Liechtenstein Fall-Fein Edward Aleksandrovich nokuda hunoshamisa mupiro wake richengetedzwe Zvivako yetsika nhaka Russia, uyewo okuyamura, rokubatsira vanhu uye anochengetedza runyararo mabasa.