Nikolai Ilich Tolstoy: biography yebaba vemunyori mukuru weRussia

Munhu ari munzvimbo inokosha muhupenyu hwemunyori anozivikanwa weRussia Leo Tolstoy aiva baba vake - Count Nikolai Ilich Tolstoy. Akazvarwa ari kure ne1794, panguva iyo sayenzi uye unyanzvi zvaive zvichikura nokukurumidza muRussia, uye manzwiro akavakirwa mumamiriro evanhu.

Mhuri ye Count Count N.I. Tolstoy

Baba vaNicholas Ilyich Tolstoy, Ilya Andreevich Tolstoy, vakaberekerwa muna 1757, vakapedza basa rehurumende munharaunda yevasvivhesiti, vakazonyorwa muVarindi Voupenyu uye gore risati rasvika pakaberekwa mwana wedangwe waNiyolay paakasimuka, akakurudzirwa kuva mukuru wevatariri.

Maererano nemzukuru, Ilya Andreevich aiva munhu munyoro uye ane rupo, asi "stupidly motile". Akagara achigadzirira mitambo, mabhora uye kudya kwemanheru, semugumisiro waakazoparadzwa uye, kana afa, akasiya mhuri iri mune chikwereti. Pelageya Nikolaevna, mbuya vaLobert Tolstoy, vaive vemhuri yeGorchakov, vanozivikanwa munharaunda yehondo, vaiva mukadzi wechikoro chakashata uye vakaparadza.

Akazvarwa musi waJune 26, 1794, Nicholas akava mwana wekutanga mumhuri yavo. Mushure maro, mwanasikana akazviratidza, ipapo hama, uyo kushungurudzika kwekuberekwa kusina kupona kusvikira asvika masere, uye mumwe musikana.

Zvinhu zvose zvakaenderera mberi sezvinowanzoitika

Kubva achiri muduku, iine makore matanhatu, Nikolai akanyoreswa mubasa rehurumende. Ava vasvika pamakore gumi nematanhatu, akava nechinzvimbo chemasimiti. Pazera remakore 17 akapinda mubasa rechiuto uye akabatanidzwa mune zvekuita kunze kwemauto ake. Muna 1824, ane chikwata cheColonel, akasiya basa.

Pamusana pokusava nehanya kwebaba vake, mumamiriro ezvinhu ehupfumi zvakanyanya, Count Nikolai Ilich Tolstoy akava. Hupenyu hwake huri nekuenderera kwakanaka, sezvo, akaroora muna 1822 naMaria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya, akakwanisa kuumba mhuri inofara uye panguva imwechete kuti awedzere mari yake.

Musikana uyu akanga asina kana panguva iyoyo kana wechidiki, kana kunaka, asi akanga akanyatsodzidza, akazvininipisa uye akachenjera. Panguva yemuchato naNikolai Tolstoy, vabereki vake vakanga vasisipo, uye chete hanzvadzi yakafa achiri mwana. Volkonskaya aiverenga zvizhinji, akatamba mimhanzi uye aiziva mitauro mina yekunze.

Munzvimbo yaJasnaya Polyana, yakagarwa nemambokadzi Mary, mhuri yeTolstoy yaigara yoga, asi inofadza. Kwemakore masere vakapa upenyu kune vanakomana vana nemwanasikana mumwe. Leo akazova mwanakomana muduku pane vose. Uye nguva pfupi mushure mokuberekwa kwemwanasikana wake, anonzi ainzi amai, Maria Nikolaevna Tolstaya akafa.

Upenyu mushure mekufa kwemudzimai

Mushure mekufa kwemudzimai wake, Nikolai Ilich Tolstoy akagara nevana vake muJasnaya Polyana. Tatyana Aleksandrovna Ergolskaya, uyo aiva hama yepedyo yeTolstoy, akabata mukurerwa kwevana vake vashanu. Nikolai Ilyich akapfuurira kutungamirira hupenyu huri oga, achisiya imba chete kana zvichidiwa kuti agadzirise nyaya dzakabatana nezvikwereti zvababa vake, kana kuenda neshamwari dzekuvhima. Akazvipira nguva yakawanda kuvana, nyaya dzezvemari uye mabhuku ekuverenga.

Muna July 1937, paaiva mubhizinesi muTula, akaerekana afa. "Kuuraya ropa", maererano navanachiremba, kwakava chikonzero nei Nikolai Ilich Tolstoy akafa. Nhoroondo shomanana yebaba vemunyori mukuru weRussia anoguma pamusoro peizvi, asi kuyeuka kwemakore akawanda kwakachengetwa mumwoyo waLobert Tolstoy uye kwakaratidzwa mune mamwe mabasa ake.

Psychological portrait

Nikolai Tolstoy, maererano nemwanakomana wake muduku, aiva munhu akakodzera uye "haana kumbozvidzora pamberi pevanhu." Unhu hwake hwakanga hwakanaka kune vamwe. Akanga ane pfungwa yakanakisisa yekuseka, aifarira kuvengesa avo vakamupoteredza nemashoko ekare.

Kubva pamifananidzo yakasara munhu anogona kutonga kuti Nikolai Ilich Tolstoy akaita sei - chiso mumazuva iwayo chakanga chisisipo. Mukuyeuka kwake achiri muduku achiri Leo Nikolayevich, baba vake vairatidzwa semurume akavakwa zvakanaka, nguva dzose mune zvakanaka, asi nemaziso akasuruvara.

Zvakaitika zvevana

Mwanakomana wedangwe Nikolai akanga akafanana zvikuru naamai vake mukuzvininipisa uye kungwara. Mushure mekunge apedza kudzidza kuMoscow, uye akabva kuKauni University, akapinda mubasa rechiuto. Nguva pfupi mushure mekunge apedza basa, akatamira kunogara kumaodzanyemba kweFrance, kwaakafira nechirwere chetachiona, asati asvika panguva iyo baba vake vakafa.

Sergei Tolstoy aive nerunako runoshamisa, hongu, kukwanisa kuimba uye sainzi, izvo zvakakonzera kukudzwa kwaLev Nikolaevich. Kufanana nemukoma wake mukuru, akazopedza chikoro kubva kuYunivhesiti yeKazan, akabudirira kubudirira mundima yehondo. Zvisinei, akararama kusvika pakukwegura kwazvo, ane mhuri.

Dmitry Nikolaevich Tolstoy akaurayiwa nechisimba, asingasviki makore makumi matatu. Akanga ari munhu akanyarara uye anofunga. Akapedza kudzidza kubva kuYunivhesiti yeKazan, asi haana kubudirira mubasa rechiuto. Maria Nikolaevna, uyo akanga asingazivi amai vake, akadzidziswa mumba maKazan yeimba yevarume vakanaka. Akararama makore anopfuura 80. Akaberekera vana vana kumukadzi wepamutemo, uye mushure mekurambana naye - mwanasikana wemurume. Makore makumi maviri ekupedzisira aigara muimba yemamongi, achisiya zvakanaka zvakanaka.

Nikolai Ilich Tolstoy haana kumbofungidzira kuti akanga ava baba vemunyori mukuru. Pakutanga, Leo Tolstoy haana kuratidza chero chido chesayenzi uye, akanyora muYunivhesiti yeKazan, zvakasiyana nevakoma vake vakanga vasingakwanisi kupedzisa. Aenda kuCaucasus, anobudirira mumunda wemauto uye panguva imwechete anonyora mabasa ake okutanga.

Agara nemudzimai wake Sophia kwemakore 17 muJasnaya Polyana, akabereka vana 13. Nhamba yacho yaibatanidzwa musangano rezvikoro, rakabudiswa rubatsiro rwekudzidzisa. Kuva mumakumi emakore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake baba veRussia mabhuku, anorasikirwa neshumo mundima iyi, achipa hupenyu hwake hwose kutsvaga kwechitendero.

"Utana", "Hondo uye Rugare", "Anna Karenina" yakava kunyadziswa kwemabhuku eRussia. Kana Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy akararama panguva apo mwanakomana wake akabudirira, angadai akanzwisisa kuti chipo chikuru chaakaita pakunyora kwenyika yake.