Ndiani Ombudsman uye chii chinobatanidzwa mu mabasa ayo

Vanhu vari kure mitemo uye mitemo, zviri haizivikanwi ndiani Ombudsman uye chii vari mabasa ayo. Vazhinji vomunyika mukusaziva kwavo havana kunyange vanofungidzira kuti, achitaura mukuru, zvinobvira kugadzirisa zvinoverengeka nyaya dzakaoma kuwiriranisa nevamwe miviri (muhofisi muchuchisi wacho, dare, etc.).

Chii chinonzi Ombudsman

Ombudsman - iri pamutemo kana mukuru mukuru vagadzwa ichi chinzvimbo kuita kudzora nezvebasa shumiro, madhipatimendi nemamwe masangano ehurumende. It anoita somunhu zvichemo vagari uye avo ndoga uye kutungamirirwa kwete chete nemurairo, asi kururamisira.

Somuenzaniso, Ombudsman kuRussia - kodzero yevanhu Ombudsman. Pfungwa, nyika ipi iyo inopa chakadaro post, Yezvichemo anogona kugadzirisa nyaya chokuita asiri kuzadzika mabasa avo kana zvisizvo simba ravo machinda, zvichiguma kusawirirana pakati vagari uye masimba.

Nhoroondo panowanikwa nezvenzvimbo "Ombudsman"

Maererano nyaya, "Yezvichemo" kokutanga ukoshi (shoko) rakanga deciphered ari XVI remakore kuSweden. Officer, ari incumbent, vaidzora basa roruvanze: pachena kuti dare zvekufamba, kururamisira mutongo. Mushure nokupwanya ari Swedish pana Poltava Ombudsman kugona yave akawedzera zvikuru. Nokuti kuti Mambo Sweden Karl Xll refu nguva yaiva Turkey, kudzorwa hurongwa yakapararawo uye zvaida guru agadzirise. On muhofisi Ombudsman wacho akagadzwa wezvokukurukurirana (Queen Ruramisiro Ombudsman), uyo akatarisira mabasa vehurumende. Wechipiri Ombudsman, ane basa iri kuongorora youmambo yaitonga uye kururamisira, vakagamuchira zita chanzera of Justice. Muna 1809, Sweden akazviratidza Ombudsman Justice, rave akaparadzaniswa zvakanga pasi pamambo.

Nokudaro, chanzera akamira kudzivirira mambo, uye Parliamentary Ombudsman - kuchengetedza zvido vanhuwo zvavo uye vashandi. To musi zvinoreva shoko, "Ombudsman" anoziva ndoga vanhu munyika dzakadai Denmark, Russia, Ukraine, Sweden, Norway, Italy, Poland, Portugal, United Kingdom, France, South Africa uye zvichingodaro. D.

Ndiani anogona kushandisa kuti Ombudsman?

The Human Rights Ombudsman wakaipa nokunyunyuta vanhu vari vomunyika, vagari vatorwa, vanhu pasina chizvarwa vane chivako mvumo kana kungoti ari mundima State. Kugamuchira zvichemo zvevanhu kuti kuvhurwa dare kana administrative simba, asi havabvumirani mutongo, kana ukacherechedza chero kutyorwa, rusarura, ndisingambofariri isingadzorwi zvakakwana.

The chikuru zvinangwa Commissioner for Human Rights

The chikuru basa iri Ombudsman, zvisinei munyika yaanochengetera hofisi:

• Kudzorerwa kururamisira uye kodzero kuti vave yatyorwa.
• Kuitisa mabasa zvainanga kukura dzakawanda ukama mumunda kodzero dzevanhu.
• kudzidzisa vagari nezvekodzero dzavo.
• Improvement mitemo pamutemo munyika pachinhu vagari.
• Kuzvidzora pamusoro basa ehurumende masangano.

Kupfungwa Ombudsman muRussia

Kokutanga pambiru Commissioner for Human Rights mu Russia akaonekwa 1994. The Ombudsman wokutanga Russian Federation - Sergey Kovalev - akagadzwa neHurumende Duma. Muna 1998-2004 iye akabata chinzvimbo O. Mironov, uye kubvira 2004 - Lukin. MuRussia, pane mutemo "On the Commissioner for Human Rights ari Russian Federation", pahwaro iyo vanoita mabasa avo, nyanzvi idzi.

Ko Yezvichemo, vokuRussia? Muchidimbu, ndiye murevereri pakati akuvara pati (mugari) uye machinda, izvo inodzivirira kodzero uye zvinofarirwa vemunyika. Asi basa rake hakungoitwi mumwe zvichemo kana mashoko. Ombudsman yacho ndoga ari kuitisa kuongorora nyaya yacho, achiunganidza ruzivo pamusoro kwakakomba kutyorwa kana kusiya imwe nhengo zvakakwana.

Masimba Ombudsman for Human Rights mu Russia

Ombudsman muRussia, vanoshandira kudzivirira kodzero vemo, ane nhamba kwemasimba:

• Inochengetedza kodzero vemo, uyewo vachiongorora pokuita kwavo ehurumende miviri uye vakuru.
• It anosvitsa mashoko kuHurumende Duma aine chikumbiro kuronga basa reparamende kuongorora chokwadi vakawanda kutyorwa kodzero dzevanhu.
• Panoongororwa kutyorwa nyaya ine chikumbiro kutanga vasaenderera mberi kana administrative zvekufamba chokuita (s) mukuru munhu (s).
• Anounza kukumbira ongororo pamusoro yakarurama rokusarudza, vakasvika simba chisarudzo dare (ushe kana mutongo).
• Pachirehwa dare pakudzivirira kodzero uye rusununguko kuti vave chibharo pamutemo zviito kana dzakasiyiwa miviri mamiriro kana vakuru.
• Kunokurudzira dare pamusoro kutyora vagari 'kodzero.

zvemari Ombudsman

Ndiani Financial Ombudsman? mukuru uyu, uyo anobatsira kugadzirisa zvinoverengeka kusawirirana vavapo pakati mugari uye kubhengi. Izvi zvinogona kuva mubvunzo mumwe dzosera pamusoro kadhi, kutarisira matunhu mirango uye mubereko pamusoro zvikwereti kwenguva refu, rescheduled zvikwereti kubva kune dzimwe mari kupinda munyika. Sezvo ombudsmen zvemari vanosarudza mibvunzo maererano kusazvibata muunganidzwa yemakambani uye vashandi vavo.

Asi ndivo rakajairika zvichemo pamusoro kurambirwa mabhanga kuti kugadzirisa chikwereti. Izvi imhaka nokuwedzera mari chikwereti pamwe Zvirango uye mubereko, izvo somugumisiro kwakaoma zvisingaiti kubhadhara. Basa iri Ombudsman - kutaurirana mubhengi uye ofunga kuti zvichemo muchimiro zvishomanana vaizoitwazve zvirango pamusoro kuripwa mari yasara kuti vakabvumirana purogiramu.

inishuwarenzi Ombudsman

No zvishoma kudiwa kupindira of Ombudsman (uyo ane Ombudsman, hatina akaongororwa pamusoro) ari inishuwarenzi indasitiri. Mamwe makambani inishuwarenzi kutyora chibvumirano kuti chibvumirano, kana uwandu inishuwarenzi riri vasingakoshi, achitarisira kuti yeGmail.END_STRONG haangavi kutanga zvokutonga dzvuku tepi. Inishuwarenzi ombudsmen kushanda Munenge munyika dzose umo romukova ichi. Somuenzaniso, makambani inishuwarenzi European vachaabata noruremekedzo, sezvo masimba machinda aya yakafara zvakakwana, uye vane kodzero yakakwana. Uyezve, makambani European hakusi zvinobatsira kuti tichengetedze asiri kwokuripirwa inishuwarenzi, sezvo mabasa Ombudsman wacho, ivo kubhadhara chete, uye kwete insured.

Chinonziwo yakatanga zvakanaka nesangano Yezvichemo muGermany. The chete drawback wegadziriro ndechokuti kushandisa kuminamato vakuru vanogona chete nhengo wesangano rinomirira makambani inishuwarenzi, uye uchatamisa nyaya muchuchisi wacho hofisi Ombudsman nezvainoita mhedzisiro yacho vapedza.

Ombudsman nokuti Entrepreneurs

Ombudsman somunhu yoga akazvimirira bhizimisi nzvimbo akazviratidza kudaro kare. The pamazita mabasa ake dzinosanganisira:

• Pakunamata kutaura kudzivirira kodzero Entrepreneurs.
• Achiita mudziviriri mabasa mudare Entrepreneurs.
• Pakunamata zvakakumbira kuzviremera panguva pehurumende uye nemakanzuru pamwero, zvebhizimisi Entrepreneurs.
• Shanyira uye kubvunza vanofungidzirwa kana nemhosva vagari vane nyaya dziri dzinoenderana mabhizimisi mabasa.

Zvikurukuru ombudsmen kuchengetedza kodzero dzavanhu

Zvichienderana zvakaitika nyika dzokuEurope, zviri pachena kuti, pasina rubatsiro Ombudsman, zvinobvira kugadzirisa nhamba kurwisana duku. Asi pane downsides nyika ino. Somuenzaniso, chisarudzo akatora Ombudsman rweUkraine, kwemakore maviri ari nokuzvidira kuti masangano inishuwarenzi uye zvikwereti. Uye chete pashure nguva ino rova tichisunga. Uyewo, Ombudsman haagoni kufunga nyaya zvakatendeka vakabvuma dare kana kare akaita kuyananisa chisarudzo. Betsero dze hurongwa ndechokuti vanoshandisa havachafaniri kushandisa kumatare uye vanopedza nguva yavo (uye mari nemagweta).

chevana Ombudsman

Vana Ombudsmen vari kudzivirira kodzero yevana vemo. Mabasa avo anosanganisira:

• Kuchengetedza uye kudzorera kodzero mwana.
• Counseling, dzidzo, kudzidzisa vana nezvekodzero dzavo.
• Shandai yeUnited, dzomunharaunda uye hurumende masimba kukumbira uye kuwana ruzivo anodiwa kana magwaro.
• Visiting masangano uye zviremera vawane kunyatsotsanangura, kuti aone dzavo chekuita nekodzero nerusununguko nevana.
• Kugadzirira uye kuzviisa pasi akakodzera mitumbi kunenge kuvandudza basa ravo panyaya kodzero mwana.
• Vachiita nyanzvi nokuti Analytical basa chokuita kudzivirirwa kodzero dzevana.

Dzimwe nyika dzinopa chinzvimbo chikoro Ombudsman. It anobatsira vechikamu vese vari rokudzidzisa muitiro: Vana, vadzidzisi uye vabereki. Kwachiri kuita wose anotenda kuti kutyorwa kuitika kodzero vadzidzi vari hwekudzidza. Izvi zvingava kusanzwisisa pakati mudzidzisi (Kutarisirwa chikoro, mukirasi mudzidzisi) uye mudzidzi, uyewo kudiwa mazano kodzero mwana mukati chikoro, vachitsanangura kwesangano nyaya, Utsanana mitemo, mirayiro, zvimwe zvinhu. Uyewo, aireva Ombudsman, zvinokwanisika kuti mazano maererano kuvandudzika pamusoro dzidzo muitiro nemasangano. on Human Rights pachikoro unoshanda muzvinhu zvinotevera:

• The kutora mukana chikoro puranga, iro rinotarisirwa kuvandudza kushanda anodzorawo.
• Work zvainanga kudzivirira zvakaipa tsika vadzidzi.
• Kuzvidzora pamusoro kuchengetwa kodzero uye rusununguko nevadzidzi.
• Kushanda nevabereki uye komiti vabereki ', zvainanga nani ukama hwemhuri.
• rutsigiro Psychological uye zviri pamutemo mudonzvo kuchikoro, nechinangwa panguva kudzivirira kuti kurukutika.

Sei hurongwa inoshanda

Pasinei mirayiridzo apo Ombudsman unoshanda, Zano nezviito yake anenge mwero. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, kunoshanda maererano apiwa munhu chichemo kana yacho pachangu. The Commissioner anogona kunzwa nyaya, iyo inotaurwa kudare. Achimirira pakuongorora nharo nyaya Ombudsman munhu akanyorera inozviita kwete uchatamisa nyaya mudare.

Asati kushandisa akakodzera nyanzvi mugari anofanira kutumira rakanyorwa chichemo kubhengi kana inishuwarenzi kambani uye kumirira mhinduro mukati memazuva 30. Zvichemo kuna Ombudsman, zvinofanira wakabudiswa muchimiro kushanda magazini magwaro ndaisa (zvibvumirano, matsamba, pakutengeserana, etc.). Nyanzvi funga kusawirirana pamusoro masangano zvemari kuti akabatana Institute. Panyaya iyi, chisarudzo zvigopiwa kwavari zvisiri kuzvipfuuridza.

Asi Credit Ombudsman kungaita kuti vaitaura kuti kugarwa munyaya kana kutumira chikumbiro kudare. Zvinoguma conciliation nharo kugarwa chibvumirano chasainwa mapato kana sarudzo yaibvumira pavo.