"Ndiani", "chii" - chii mhosva? Affixes uye mibvunzo yavo

Kazhinji chokupika morphological pachisara zvakafanira tsanangurai nyaya parsed mashoko. Case - chimwe chezvinhu zvakaoma Mapato zviripo nhasi mumutauro wokuRussia, asi zvinokosha kuziva kuti kudzidza kunzwisisa zvakaoma nyaya uye parses nemazvo.

Case mumutauro Russian

Inzwi chikamu kufa rinowanzoreva nhamba imwe pazita kana chipauro kune mamwe mashoko ari mutongo kana mashoko ayo anoumba pamwe date mashoko. Panguva ino mumutauro wokuRussia, panongova 6 nyaya: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, richishanda uye prepositional.

Pakuvamba mumutauro wokuRussia paiva zvakawanda nyaya, izvo wakaparadza pamusoro nguva, uyewo Dual. Mashoko anoratidza izvi mananara mumutauro wokuRussia anogona kuonekwa kusvika ikozvino, mamwe mashoko akanga aumba kubva fomu racho vocative nyaya emazita uye adjectives.

Nominative uye zvose-zvose-zvose

Shoko iri nominative nyaya inoshora ose vamwe, nokuti ane yakazvimirira nzvimbo mumutauro zvivakamutauro, dzimwe nguva anonzi zvakananga nyaya. The yasara 6 nyaya dziri zvisina kunanga, vari nguva dzose zvichienderana nemamwe mashoko uye anogona kutaura zvakasiyana syntactic ukama nevamwe shoko marudzi.

Definition of kacho zvakarurama. Pakupindura mubvunzo "Ndiani? Chii? - Chero zvazvingava ", unogona pakarepo kutaura kuti izvi ndizvo zvinotaura genitive zvakadaro, nokuti basa nenyaya idzi. Mumwe nomumwe ane yayo kufa nyaya dziri nyore kushandisa nokuda kuziva nzvimbo shoko mubvunzo.

Sezvo varehwa affixes?

Sarudza nyaya inogona kwete, asi pamusoro harinzwi. Vamwe affixes kunge anenge wakaiswa harinzwi kuti kuvimba mhando, nhamba uye declension (emazita). Saka, nokuti mashoko muchimiro, risiri muuzhinji, nominative nyaya 1 of declination vachava akakodzera mugumo "a", "Ini".

Kana ukasangana munhu homonymy, unogona kuedza kuona nyaya syntactic nzira (via nekambani uye Zvireva mwene kana murayiro namashoko mumutsetse). Used dzimwe nzira Somuenzaniso, rinowanzoshandiswa nzira kuzvitsinhanisa, kana kuchiiswa ari rokuti "gava" pane aripo neshoko kana "Masha". Kuti uone matambudziko vanokurudzirwawo kushandisa vose mhosva nyaya.

Affixes uye mibvunzo yavo

Mumwe nyaya ane dzimwe nyaya. Nominative mhinduro mubvunzo "uyo? Chii ", The genitive mhosva -"? Ndiani? chii ", dative -" vakanzi? Chii "accusative -" Ndiani? ? Kuti "paku -" naani? pane "prepositional -?" pamusoro? chii? ". Unogona kushandisa mibvunzo iyi kusarudza emazita uye adjectives nyaya.

Vamwe affixes dzinewo okuwedzera pretexts iyo kusarudza chii nzvimbo anotora shoko mumutsetse, uye sei rinofanira namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara. Kuti uone matambudziko zvinogoneka asati nokududza mashoko kuisa mamwe zvivako Somuenzaniso, nokuti genitive - "kwete" (kwete uyo Chii?), Nokuti dative - "kupa", accusative - "mhosva" paku - "kusika", prepositional - " ndinoti. "

Marudzi vanenge mumutauro weRussia

The lexical zvinoreva nyaya iri rakanyorwa pachishandiswa basa kuti kutamba vari mutongo. Kana nyaya chimiro anogona kuvapo chete mushoko rimwe chete, kunonzi prislovnoy. Kana nyaya fomu zvinoreva pakarepo kuti pfungwa, zvinoita inonzi determinant.

Determinant chimiro rinowanzova ari kutanga mutongo, hazvina dziri wokuti, uye anogadza mataurire yose mutongo. Mubvunzo kunofanira kuiswa pachishandiswa zvose kana mashoko, kana yose mutsetse kamwe. Kuona chikumbiro zviri nyore zvakakwana, ichi kazhinji haisi dambudziko kana vechikoro kana vadzidzi.

General lexical zvichirehwa nyaya

Tsika nyaya inogona private kana akagoverana, uye avo vakasarudzwa inopa kunokosha guru basa nemarongerwo, achibatsirwa kwayo zvinogoneka mune ramangwana kuongorora raivapo vaitaura uye kuona zvivakamutauro maumbirwo yavo. Pakupindura mubvunzo "Ndiani? Chii? - Chero zvazvingava, "zvakakosha kuyeuka zvichibvira tsika mbiri.

The chinhu Kukosha nyaya zvinoreva kuti, sezvo chinhu zvinoreva chiito rinotungamirirwa kwaari. Kana kukosha nyaya subektnosti chiito anoitwa nyaya, iyo inoratidza ukama nazvo. Attributive ukoshi anogona kuratidza ukama pakati akawanda zvidimbu. With Adverbial tsika havagoni kuona mamiriro nyaya kubva nemaonero noruzhinji Adverbial ukama. Kunze muchikwata ichi chinodzidzisa uye achiita ukoshi kuti kungada mazwi maviri yakasanganiswa zvakafanana nyaya siyana.

Private tsika nyaya: nominative

Kunze dzinokosha tsika vanogona affixes uye pasiri paruzhinji, izvo zvinogona kujekesa mashoko chete tinazvo chesekondari pamwero. The chikoro vadzidzi akakumbira kuona nyaya chete zvayo Kazhinji, dzimwe nguva nekuda kwayo pane zvikanganiso asingagoni kubvumira kunyange mudzidzisi,-refu kukanganwa mapurogiramu chesekondari.

Nominative kukwanisa kuva nechepakati, chinangwa, mumwe Predicate, appositive, attributive, anodzidzisa-anozadza uye Adverbial ukoshi. Panewo mharidzo yacho nominative pano, shoko iri iyi, nokuti wezvamatongerwe nyaya zvakatonyanya kuenderera nyaya.

Private tsika oblique zviitiko: genitive

Kunzwa mubvunzo, "Ndiani? Chii? - Chero zvazvingava, "hapana mubvunzo kuti ichi ndicho genitive ?. Chirevo genitive rakakamurwa priimennoe priglagolnoe uye semantics hazvisi pachena zvakakwana, kuti tsika yokutanga Rakabatanidzwa zita R. N, uye wechipiri -. With rechiito.

Genitive priimenny ane chimwe ukoshi, kana mafungiro, ichifamba, unhu kupima, chinhu nhau chinhu. Pane mamwe mamiriro nyaya kana kukosha chiito, uye Kuwanikwa anodzidzisa zvakare uye anozadza tsika sezvo partitive mhando.

Genitive priglagolny Inopindurawo mubvunzo "uyo? chii? ", nyaya iri kuona hapana dambudziko. Ine yakananga chinhu kukosha tichitaura fuma kana kunaka, uyewo tarisiro ukoshi (pamwe verbs akakodzera: chikumbiro vanoda kutsvaka, etc ...).

Private tsika oblique zviitiko: dative

Dative uye priimennymi priglagolnymi ane chaiyo tsika. Muchiitiko chokutanga chiri ukoshi ane kunze chinhu kuti akatumira chiito raanotaura nokuda rechiito. Uyewo priglagolny dative vangava ukoshi subjectivity muna rekuremekedza mitongo, paanoshevedza munhu kuona mamiriro zvinokonzera.

Dative priimenny kashoma kushandiswa mumutauro ano Russian, uye kutaura zvazviri, inodzokorora lexical zvinorehwa dative chipauro. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zviri anokwanisa kuva attributive kukosha kwokuva Kumubata kuenda: zvokudya hove.

Private tsika oblique zviitiko: accusative

Accusative priimenny mu yazvino mutauro Russian rinenge zvikasaitika, saka zviri kunyanya kushandiswa priglagolny kureva kutaura chinhu pedyo transitive verbs, kana kukosha akaenzaniswa nzvimbo uye nguva.

Private tsika oblique zviitiko: ablative

Instrumental kazhinji ane ukoshi priglagolnym chiito pfuti, pasi, kugutsikana, uye Adverbial ukoshi. Vari zvose zvimwe zvinoratidza chiito. Inodzidzisa uye Inozadzisa-ablative-predicative ukoshi zvakakwana pedyo napedyo uye rinoshandiswa ne verbs "Anonzi kuva ruzha," etc. Instrumental priimenny - .. Uncommon mumutauro, kazhinji anodzokorora priglagolnye ukoshi.

Private tsika oblique zviitiko: prepositional

Prepositional kumboda ane priglagolnymi chinhu uye Adverbial tsika dzinoitwa kana ezvinhu, nezvekufadza, pfungwa kana matauriro uye nzvimbo kunze uko chiito chichaitika.

Prepositional priimenny kashoma kushandiswa uye ane zvakafanana priglagolnomu ukoshi. It anowanzodanwa kushandiswa kana chinhu vanoti tsika, unhu, zvivako uye determinative hunhu.

mhedziso

Affixes uye mibvunzo yavo anogona kukubatsira kuona kwete chete chimiro mashoko, asiwo nzvimbo yayo mukati mutongo, iyo inoita basa rinokosha pakuita morphological uye syntactic kuongorora. Kana zvakakodzera kubvunza mabhuku bhuku unhu izvo kunoita kuti icho kufa zvinofanira kusanganisira imwe shoko.