Ndiani baba wefizikisi yeSoviet? The yefizikisi inozivikanwa zvikuru USSR

kuongorora kwesayenzi muSoviet Union kuitwa ezvipfuwo. Vashandi vakawanda tsvakurudzo ne mumarabhoritari rakashanda masikati nousiku kubatsira vanhuwo zvavo uye nyika yose. Academy of Sciences akanga kungwarira nechokwadi, somunhu zvemichina, nevanhu, masvomhu, mishonga, vanachiremba, zvipenyu, geographers kucheka bvungapfunga chokwadi.

Zvisinei, pfungwa akapiwa yefizikisi.

matavi Physics

Munzvimbo inonyanya kukosha kuti kazhinji vakanga zvakawanda neropafadzo vaiva Aerospace, ndege, uyewo kusikwa kwemichina kombiyuta.

Soviet Physics Baba

Famous masayendisiti munhau dzaiva zhinji. The ndandanda yakanzi "akakurumbira kupfuura yefizikisi of USSR" rinovhura mutevedzeri mutungamiri Academy of Sciences of USSR, Academician Ioffe Abhuramu Fedorovich. Masayendisiti akasika yakakurumbira chikoro, izvo panguva dzakasiyana vapedza chaizvo mano kudzidza. Hapana tsaona Abhuramu Fedorovich - the inozvikudza Soviet yefizikisi, mumwe wevaya vanonzi "vanababa" sayenzi iyi.

musayendisiti The ramangwana akaberekwa muna 1880 muna Romny, pedyo Poltava, mumhuri mushambadzi. Nomutauro wake musha, akagamuchira dzidzo yake chesekondari, muna 1902 kudzidza St. Petersburg Institute of Technology, uye pashure pemakore matatu - University muMunich. Remangwana "baba wefizikisi Soviet" akadzivirira basa iri chaizvo Vilgelma Konrada Röntgen. Hazvishamisi kuti pane kudaro muduku Abhuramu Fedorovich vakagamuchira zita Dhokotera Science.

Apedza, akadzokera St. Petersburg, apo akatanga kushanda munharaunda Polytechnic Institute. Nechekare muna 1911 musayendisiti akaita yokutanga inokosha kuwanikwa - yave kuziva Erekitironi mutariri. nyanzvi basa nokukurumidza vakakwira, uye muna 1913 kwaitsigirwa kuna Professor Joffe.

1918 zvinokosha kuti nhoroondo yokuti nokuda pokudzora kwomudzimu musayendisiti rakazarurwa Physico-Mechanical mano Institute of Radiology kudzidza. Panguva iyi paya Joffe akagamuchira ndibatsireiwo wenyaya "baba Soviet uye Russian atomu."

Kubvira muna 1920, iye - nhengo Academy of Sciences.

Panguva yake basa refu Joffe yave chokuita Petrograd Komiti Industry, Association of yefizikisi, agrophysical Institute masayendisiti kumusha St. Petersburg, iro semiconductor murabhoritari.

Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II akanga akananga basa rechiuto rwokugadzira uye ouinjiniya.

Muna 1942 rabhoritari musayendisiti lobbied kuvhurika, sezvamakaropafadzwa akadzidza zvenyukireya siyana. Raiva Kazan. zita rayo yepamutemo - "Laboratory №2 USSR Academy of Sciences."

Ndiani anonzi "baba wefizikisi yeSoviet" kakawanda, saka Ioffe!

Hazviiti kuva muzvinadzidzo October 14, 1960 muSt Petersburg.

Pakuyeuka guru musayendisiti busts, zvirangaridzo, kunofanira kuyeukwa plaques vari kuoneka. zita rake akapa nyika, mumugwagwa, mativi, chikoro nomutauro wake Romney.

A mwena pamusoro mwedzi - mabasa

Ndiani anonzi "baba wefizikisi Soviet", nokuti ichi ndechimwe hunoshamisa musayendisiti - Leonid Isaakovich Mandelstam. Akaberekwa April 22, 1879 Mogilev mune imwe mhuri chiremba uzivi uye Pianist.

Kubvira pauduku, wechiduku Leonid pedyo sainzi, aifarira kuverenga. Akadzidza ari Odessa uye Strasbourg.

Ndiani anonzi "baba wefizikisi yeSoviet"? Munhu akaita nepavaigona napo kuti sayenzi iyi.

Mandel'shtam akatanga basa nesayenzi panguva Moscow State University kubva 1925. Nemhaka zvinoitwa masayendisiti, kuti yunivhesiti Akatangazve basa mumuviri uye akarongeka uye mumuviri mano.

The yakakurumbira basa Mandel'shtam aiva kudzidza chiedza vaparadzirwa. Nokuti mabasa akadai Indian musayendisiti Raman Chandrasekhar akagamuchira Nobel Prize. Kunyange zvazvo iye akaramba akati kuti chaiva yefizikisi Soviet, ndakava nechiitiko ichi kusvika vhiki yapfuura.

Hazviiti kuva musayendisiti muna 1944 muMoscow.

Kuyeukwa Mandel'shtam immortalized mu busts, zvirangaridzo.

In kukudzwa musayendisiti anonzi ane mwena iri seri mwedzi.

munyori bhuku, izvo akakura chizvarwa vanopfuura mumwe

Landsberg Gregory Samuilovich - uya anonzi "baba wefizikisi yeSoviet." Akaberekerwa muna 1890 muna Vologda.

Muna 1908 iye kudzidza pamwe chinokudza chesekondari muna Nizhny Novgorod.

Muna 1913 iye kudzidza kubva Physics uye Mathematics rorusununguko Moscow State University. Akatanga basa rake kudzidzisa ari yunivhesiti iyi.

Iyewo aishanda Omsk Agricultural, Moscow Zvokunyama-Technical uye Technical Institute.

Muna 1923 akava purofesa.

The huru basa - kudzidza optics uye Spectroscopy. Ndakawana nzira spectral kuongorora zvakasiyana-siyana nesimbi uye alloys, nokuti icho muna 1941 akanga paakavapa State Prize.

Iye - muvambi Institute of Spectroscopy of USSR Academy of Sciences uye Chikoro maatomu spectral kuongorora.

Vechikoro Gregory Samuilovich akayeuka sezvo nemunyori "chepuraimari wefizikisi bhuku," izvo akararama kuramba reprinting uye kwemakore akawanda kwainzi yakanakisisa.

Hazviiti kuva musayendisiti muMoscow muna 1957.

Prize muna 1978 Nobel Prize muna wefizikisi

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa akaberekwa June 26, 1894 mu Kronstadt mumhuri rechiuto injiniya uye pachivakwa. Kronstadt pashure pokupedza chikoro iye, akapinda St. Petersburg Polytechnic University muna rorusununguko Electromechanics. Wokutanga mukuru kwesayenzi Musayendisiti yemberi vakava Abhuramu Fedorovich Ioffe.

Panguva World War First, Kapitsa rakanga riri musango rokurwa somuzvipiri - aishanda ari kurapwa motokari mutyairi.

Pashure demobilization akatanga kushanda X-ray uye Radiological Institute, iro rakabudiswa wokutanga basa somushandi.

Muna 1921 akaenda mamwe kudzidziswa muna UK, muna Cambridge, apo foromani wake aiva Ernest Rutherford.

Fame nyanzvi akauya tsvakurudzo wake simba remagetsi minda. Muna 1922, Peter Leonidovich doctorate. Muna 1929, Kapitza akava nhengo Royal Society of London. Panguva iyoyo akanga akasarudzwa asipo ari USSR.

Muna 1930, pachake rabhoritari Kapitza yakavakwa.

The musayendisiti haana kumbokanganwa yokumusha kwavo uye kazhinji vakauya kushanyira amai vake nedzimwe hama.

Muna 1934 aiva dzose kushanya. Asi shure kuEngland Kapitsa haina asunungurwa, dzichishandisa ayo rubatsiro vavengi yokumwe.

Mugore iroro, imwe nyanzvi yefizikisi, akagadzwa Director of Institute Nezvinetso Physical. Muna 1935, akatamira Moscow uye akanga kurasa yepachivande motokari. It akatosvika chatangwa kuvakwa murabhoritari, akafanana Chirungu. Mari nokuti basa rakanga rakapotsa risingagumi. Asi musayendisiti rave yakati kuti mamiriro ezvinhu kure muduku Chirungu.

Mukutanga 1940s, chikuru basa Kapitza akanga zvainanga kuwana mvura yakachena.

Muna 1945 aiitawo muSoviet mabhomba bhambu chirongwa.

Muna 1955 aiva kukura chikwata chokutanga chakagadzirwa Satellite nyika yedu.

inopenya basa

Nokuti basa "yeplasma uye kudzora yenyukireya maitiro" muna 1978, academician akagamuchira Nobel Prize.

Pyotr Leonidovich ndiye anenge vakawanda mibayiro uye mibayiro. mupiro wake sayenzi zvechokwadi chaizvo.

Hazviiti kuva nyanzvi yakakurumbira muna 1984.

Zvino kuti munoziva vanonzi "nemadzibaba wefizikisi yeSoviet."