Muna 2012, nesimba Russian Public Opinion Research Centre (VTsIOM), iyo pokuongorora kwakaitwa, umo vokuRussia vakanga atsanangure kuti worupo. Vanopfuura hafu vechikamu muedzo uyu (kana, pane, 56%) vaiomerwa pamwe pakuvhurwa izwi. Kunenge kuti izvi hwachinja mumakore mashoma, saka ngatitarisei chii nheyo aizviti liberalism uye chii chaizvoizvo izvi socio-enyika uye nouzivi muitiro.
Ndiani akarurama?
Vakawanda chaizvo yatinogona kutaura kuti munhu akazvipira kuna sangano iri, unogamuchira uye rinotsigira pfungwa shoma hurumende kupindira mune zvemagariro ukama. Hwaro ino kunobva oga upfumi, izvo zvinozoita yakarongwa pamusoro pamusika dzemitemo. Pakupindura ari worupo, nyanzvi dzakawanda nharo kuti ndiye rusununguko enyika, pachake uye zvoupfumi inokurukura chikuru pokutanga muupenyu wehurumende uye vanhu. Nokuti vatsigiri dzematongerwe ichi rusununguko uye kodzero dzose munhu mimwe pamutemo hwaro pamusoro izvo, avo maonero, kwenzanga kuti zvinofanira kuvakwa. We funga zvino ndiani Liberal Democrat. Uyu munhu, tichidzivirira rusununguko, imwe anokumhan'arira kuti authoritarianism. Liberal gutsaruzhinji, mu pfungwa Western masayendisiti enyika - ndiyo yakanaka vakatsvaka nevazhinji dzakabudirira. Zvisinei, izvi izwi tinogona kutaura kwete chete maererano zvematongerwo enyika. In yaro yepakutanga zvarinoreva iri rinonzi chitendero hachina basa muupenyu zvose uye libertines. Dzimwe dziri nhamba akawa, uye vari munharaunda yakanga vachida kunyanya kungozviregerera.
liberals ano
Sezvo yakazvimirira maonero, vaiona Pfungwa kufamba yakabuda mukupera kwezana remakore rechi17. Hwaro hwayo kukura vaiva mabasa akadai mukurumbira vanyori sezvo Montesquieu, John. Locke, Adam Smith naJohani. Mill. Panguva iyoyo zvaifungwa kuti vakasununguka zvebhizimisi uye asiri chipingaidzo pamusoro mamiriro pachivande vaizongoguma kutungamirira kubudirira uye kuvandudza zvakanaka muvanhu. Zvisinei, sezvo izvozvo ndezvokuti dzekare muenzaniso liberalism haana abhadhare. Free, chido neHurumende makwikwi zvakakonzera kwaita nevhu rakawandisa, izvo inflated mitengo. Enyika, kwakanga kufarira nemapoka lobbying. izvi zvose zvakaita zvisingabviri kuti kuenzana pamutemo uye yekudyidzana nhete pangave vose avo vanoda kuita basa. Mumakore 80-90. kambora pfungwa remakore rechi19 vakatanga kuona zvakakomba dambudziko. Somugumisiro yakareba yokungotaura anotsvaka mukutanga remakore rechi20 pokuikurukura pfungwa itsva, rinozivikanwa chiNazi liberalism kana mumagariro liberalism. Vanotsigira Its vanotsigira kudzivirirwa wacho kubva Migumisiro uye kubatwa zvisina kufanira kumusika hurongwa. In venguva liberalism, hurumende yave chinhu ane "nharirire usiku". Liberals nhasi akabvuma kuti kwaiva kukanganisa, uye zvaisanganisira yayo papurogiramu pfungwa dzakadai:
- shoma hurumende Kupindira mune zveupfumi mabhora;
- neHurumende pamusoro mabasa nevhu rakawandisa;
- Kupinda kwakaita vakawanda mune zvematongerwo enyika;
- achisimbisa nhamba zvakawanda munzanga kodzero (akare-zera tibatsirwe, kodzero dzidzo, basa, etc.);
- Kubvumirana-rinosundwa uye kuzvidzora;
- political kururamisira (the democratization kuti sarudzo mune zvematongerwo enyika).
liberals Russian
Munhaurirano polytypic wokuRussia ano ichi muitiro kunokonzera zvakawanda kukakavadzana. Nokuti vamwe liberals - a conformist, kutamba pamwe West, asi vamwe - mushonga kuti anogona kuponesa nyika kubva mhedziso nesimba mamiriro. kusawirirana zvakadaro hapana chikamu chiduku nokuti kuti Russia panguva imwe chete pane akasiyana wandei dzidziso iyi. The kupfuura chinozikamwa vavo worupo fundamentalism (mumiririri - Alexei Venediktov, mukuru mupepeti ravarwi "Echo of Moscow"), chiNazi liberalism (mumiririri - Andrei Illarionov), zvemagariro liberalism (bato "Yabloko") uye pamutemo liberalism (the Republican Party uye bato Parnas).