Ndiani anonzi alpha femadzi uye chii chakakosha?

Izwi rokuti "alpha-munhu", "alpha-murume" uye "alpha -kadzi" rakaiswa mukushanda ne ethologists - masayendisiti anoongorora maitiro ekudzidzira zvipfuwo. Kwenguva yokutanga, boka rehuchi rakarongedzwa nokuda kwechimiro chechirongwa mukati memharaunda yemhuka yemhando imwechete. Masayendisiti akacherechedza (kunyange zvazvo varimi vaiziva izvi kwenguva yakareba pamberi pavo) kuti kune hutano hwakasimba hwehutano hwevanhu mune henhouse, apo nhengo imwe neimwe ine "biosocial rank" yayo. Mukuwedzera kune izwi iri, rimwe rinoreva mafashoni - "chirongwa chekunyengedza" -kupinda mune zvezuva nezuva uye kusashandiswa kwesayenzi. Izwi rokuti "alpha-munhu" rakatangwa naDavid L. Meh, uyo akadzidza maitiro emapumhi mukati memutambo.

Masayendisiti akawana kuti izvo mhuka inova-"alpha", "beta", "gamma" kana "omega", yakaiswa kubva pakuberekwa uye inobva pane imwe sarimoni. Vane ruzivo rwechinologist vanokurudzira avo vanoda kusarudza imbwa vane maitiro ekurwisana, vachidanidzira nenheyo pamberi pevana vevana: ani naani asingatyi, asi anokura uye anofamba kune zvitsva, izvo uye alpha. Mhemberero yemhuka yakagadzirwa yakaratidza kuti maAlume varume vane hurem kubva kune dzimwe "mbiri" dzinoremekedzwa. Apo kugoverwa kwemigodhi kwakakamukana, the alpha murume inotora zvikamu zvinonaka zvikuru uye anotora makadzi ayo. Zvino unouya beta, uye ipapo gamma-vanhu, omega-vanhuwo vanowana zvinyorwa. Asi hazvisi zvisizvo kuti an alpha chikadzi kuti atonge pepa. Ndiani uyu?

Zvingava zvisina kukanganisa kuwedzera kune iyo maitiro anooneka eAlfume murume. Mukadzikadzi akadaro haana humi hwevarume kana kuti kuita zvepabonde zvepabonde. Hongu, haazvidi. Alpha-munhu ndeye, kutanga kwezvose, mutungamiriri ane simba nechiremera munharaunda yake. Nhengo huru yemutungamiri wemhuka haisi yehutano hwepabonde, asi imwe nzvimbo. Munhurume (saka amai vakagadzikana) chinhu chakakosha ndechokukanda mbeu yako kuva amai vakawanda sezvinobvira, uye nokudaro shandisa mararamiro ako. Nokudaro, mukomana anogara achiedza kuwana chiremera, asi hazviiti zvachose, asi muAlfa varume chete. Vakadzi havafariri muhuwandu, asi muhutano: sarudzai yakanakisisa ye genotype, iyo ichaendeswa kuvana vavo. Nokudaro, the alpha feminine pachayo inosarudza murume. Izvi hazvirevi kuti inonzi alpha murume, asi iye isarudzo yake.

Zvinenge zvisina kururama kufunga kuti alpha ndiyo yakanakisisa (mupfungwa yevarume) vakadzi. Pane zvinopesana, kunakidza kunze chiratidzo chekubereka. Beta- uye gamma-vanhu vanoshandisa runako nehonye nzira yavo kupinda mumutungamiri wevanhukadzi, alpha chiremera, uye, kana vasvika pane zvavanoda, vanozorora pamakumbo avo: havadi zvimwe. Alpha yevakadzi haisi imwe yadzo. Haana kugutsikana nebasa rechipfuwo, iro rinogamuchira zvimedu zvetsitsi dzatenzi wake - iye pachake anoda kuva mudzimai.

Zvakakanganisikawo kufunga kuti alpha yechirume ndiyo inonyanyisa uye mhuka inoshushikana mumutambo. Kutya, kushaya hunyengeri, zvinowanzova, chiratidzo chekusachengeteka mukati, chido chekuwedzera huwandu hwayo ne "kuparadza" nekunyadziswa kwevamwe vasina simba. Saka gamma-vanhu vanozvibata, vachiita seansega-omega vasingadiwi. Arifa-mukadzi zviri nyore kuziva nenzira yakasimba yekuchengeta uye yakanaka- kutaura kwemazwi. Anotarisa akadzikama kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu anonyadzisa uye akazvigadzirisa, kunyange kana pari iri kutarisana nemazuva akaipa.

Zvinogona here kuendesa tsanangudzo ye "alpha-munhu" kumunhu wevanhu? Kune rumwe rutivi, isu tose takabva kune mhuka, uye imwe chekromosomes, ine mutoro wehutungamiri hunhu, huripo matiri. Kune rumwe rutivi, zvivako zvekare zvevanhu zvevanhu zvakanyanya kuoma kupfuura mhuka dzemhuka. Munhu mumwe nomumwe anotamba mabasa akasiyana-siyana mumakambani akasiyana-siyana-mumhuri, kubasa, mudenderedzwa yevamwe shamwari, muchikwata chezvido. Mukutaura kwezuva nezuva, zita rokuti "alpha murume", rakashandiswa nokuda kwemaziso, kukunda kwemadzimai evanhukadzi, yakatanga midzi. Zvisinei, murume wechikadzi, ari "alpha", haadi kuti varume vave nehupenyu hwehukama - hunobudirira kuburikidza nenjere, kutenderera, kuwana simba rayo.