Munyu. Ammonium bicarbonate

Chii chinonzi munyu?

Kirasi yemakemikari makemikari ane cation yesimbi kana kuti cation yamamonium yakabatanidzwa kune anion muchimiro cheasiti yakasara inounganidza seyese. Izvo zvakakamurwa kuita zvidimbu (kana mukati), acidic, basic, double, hydrate (crystalline hydrates), yakaoma.

Kazhinji (kana mukati) sarati inoshandiswa nekugadzirisa kwakakwana kwehydrojeni cations mu acid molecule nesimbi kana ammonium cation, somuenzaniso: sodium sulfate Na2SO4 kana calcium carbonate CaCO3.

Kana magedhi ehydrojeni akashandurwa muchikamu cheasidome, iyo yakadaro inonzi acidic, semuenzaniso, ammonium hydrogen carbonate NH4HCO3 kana sodium hydrogen carbonate NaHCO3.

Kana kushandiswa kwakakwana uye kusarudzwa kwemahydroxyl yeasiti yakasara yakaitika mumusasa wemadziro, ipapo mararita akaumbwa anonzi anheyo, somuenzaniso, mhangura dihydroxoxycarbonate (CuOH) 2CO3.

Muchidimbu chechidimbu kaviri mune zvinyorwa zviviri zvakasiyana, somuenzaniso, aluminium uye potassium mu alum-alkali alum KA1 (SO4) 2 • 12 H2O.

Chimiro chemashizha akasiyana-siyana chinosanganisira anions maviri akasiyana, somuenzaniso, chlorine lime CaCl (OCl).

Kuumbwa kwemamolekemu emunyu e hydrate kunosanganisira crystallization mvura, somuenzaniso, mhangura sulfate (bhuruu) CuSO4 • 5 H2O.

Makorekemu emarita akaoma anowanzoita cation yakaoma kana anioni yakaoma, somuenzaniso, tetraammintsinc (II) chloride [(Zn (NH3) 4)] Cl2.

Mazita emarita anoumbwa sei?

Kune mazwi maviri mumazita emarita. Ikutanga ndiro zita re anion, iro rinomira mumusarudzo. Izwi rechipiri (mumutauro wemagetsi) rakabva kune zita re cation. Semuenzaniso: sodium sulfate Na2SO4, iron (II) sulfate FeSO4, iron (III) sulphate Fe2 (SO4) 3, calcium carbonate CaCO3, chloride yemhangura CuCl2. Muzita remasikiriti emasikirini, isati yainzi anion, zita rokuti "hydro-" kana kuti chirevo chekutanga "bi-" chakanyorwa, kana mumwe asina kushandiswa kwehydrojeni cation anoramba ari mu molecule. Kana pane maviri akadai hydrogen cations, iyo chirevo che "dihydro-" chakanyorwa zita risina anion. Mienzaniso: bicarbonate (kana bicarbonate) yeNadico3 sodium (ino munyu inonziwo baking soda), sodium dihydrogen phosphate NaH2PO4.

Ammonium bicarbonate. Formula

Chimiro chechidimbu chemuoriki weCaricic acid NH4HCO3, umo cation is ammonium, inosanganisira HCO3- anion, yakaumbwa nechinzvimbo chinoshandiswa chemhydrogen cations mu molecule yeyiyi ino ine amonium ineon inofadza. Iko ndiko kuti, molecule yeyu cidikiti munyu inosanganisira imwe ammonium cation NH4 + yakasungwa kune imwe anion ine zita rinonzi HCO3-. Nzira yakakosha yeGomo iri yakanyorwa se: CH5NO3. The molecular weight of the substance is 79.06 a. E. M.

Properties

Ammonium bicarbonate inorganic compound, muchitarisiko iyo inenge isina makristuru asina ruvara ne rhombic lattice. Iyo yakawanda i 1.586 g / cm3 (pa20 ° C). Kushandiswa kwemhepo kunowedzera: kubva pamamiriyoni 59. Gt; Art. (Pa25.4 ° C) kusvika 278 mm. Gt; Art. (At 45 ° C).

Ammonium bicarbonate haina kupera mu ethyl doro uye acetone. Iyo inoputika nyore nyore mumvura: nekupisa kunowedzera, kusvibiswa kweasidhi munyu kunowedzera kubva ku11,9 g / 100 g (pa 0 ° C) kusvika 36.6 g / 100 g (pa40 ° C).

Ammonium bicarbonate inokanganisa nekubudiswa kwe CO2 kakange pa20 ° C. Pachando chema 36-70 ° C, munyu unoputsika mune zvinogadzirisa zvinogadziriswa. Somugumisiro, ammonia inosunungurwa, mvura uye carbon dioxide inoumbwa: NH4HCO3 → NH3 ↑ + CO2 ↑ + H2O.

Nokuda kwehydrolysis, iyo inogadzirisa sarudzo inobata zvinyorwa zvishoma. Apo inogadziriswa ammonia solution inowanikwa , inowanzoita munyu inoumbwa: NH4HCO3 + NH3 → (NH4) 2CO3.

Pasi pechiito cheAicids uye alkalis, asidi munyu inoparadzwa maererano nemaitiro equations: NH4HCO3 + HCl → NH4Cl + CO2 ↑ + H2O kana NH4HCO3 + 2 NaOH → Na2CO3 + NH3 • H2O + H2O.

Ammonium bicarbonate. Kugamuchira

Kufanana ne-bicarbonates, acidic ammonium salt inogona kuwanikwa nekuendesa kwenguva yakareba kabhoni dioxide kuburikidza nemhinduro yevhesi yemammonium munyu: (NH4) 2CO3 + CO2 + H2O → 2 NH4HCO3.

Apo munyanzvi wepakati unopisa zvishoma (30 ° C), kuparara kwaro kupisa kune asidi munyu uye ammonia inoitika: (NH4) 2CO3 → 2 NH4HCO3 + NH3.

Kana mvura inoputika carbon dioxide uye ammonia, zvinogona zvakare kuwana acidic ammonium salt: NH3 + CO2 + H2O → NH4HCO3.

Kushanda

Ammonium bicarbonate inowanzoshandiswa mumakambani ezvokudya: inobata basa rekemikari yekubika poda kuitira kugadzirwa kwekugadzira uye kugadzirwa kwemafuta. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 inoshandiswawo kusimudza unleaded hlama. Asi kushandiswa kwayo hakugoni kushanda, sezvo kusimbisa kubhabhatidza kana kubvumira kusvikira kubika kunotungamirira kukurumidza kubviswa kwe carbon dioxide yakaumbwa semugumisiro wezvinoitika neidhiyo, uye mukanwa munyaya ino hauzove yakakomba uye chiedza.

Ammonium bicarbonate inoshandiswa pakupfeka zvipfeko uye kana kupfeka nguo dzemucheka: panguva yekubvisa dhayi yakasvibira (kana kubvisa) musanganiswa wemasaini eammonium, kusanganisira ammonium bicarbonate, inoshandiswa.

Iyo inoshandiswa mune zvekurima sekuchengeteka kwezvokudya (kuora kunogadziriswa, zvichiwedzera kuwedzera kuchengetedzwa), pamwe chete nehuteresi hwemazambatata, fodhi nemiriwo yezvirimwa. Zvayo zvinoshandiswa kunonoka kana kumira nzira dze nitrification yevhu.

Ammonium bicarbonate inoshandiswa muuranium mining, metallurgical industries, uyewo mukurapa (mukugadzirwa kwevhithamini). Muzvigadzirwa zvehuyo zvinoshandiswa sechinhu chakagadzirwa pakugadzirwa kwemakemikari reagents, somuenzaniso, ammonium salt.