Ndezvipi mapepa? Mashoko echiLatin ane mapapiro

Ndezvipi mapepa? Uyu ndiwo rudzi rwakasiyana rwemashoko. Naizvozvo, kutanga tinotsanangura yechipiri, ndiko kuti, pfungwa yakazara. Icho chimiro chokuti phraseology inosanganiswa kusanganiswa kwemashoko, izvo zvinoratidza humwe mutauro. Nokudaro, pakutanga matongerwo emashoko anowanikwa mune imwe tsika netsika. Chii chinoratidzika kwavari? Mashoko avanonyora haagoni kugadziriswa, pane izvo zvirevo zvinoreva zvakarasika. Uyewo, zvinoreva zvirevo zvemazwi ezvinyorwa hazvigoni kutsanangurwa nekuongorora zvinorehwa neshoko rimwe nerimwe zvakasiyana. Icho chakadzika kwazvo ... Pane mweya wehuchenjeri mauri.

Ndeipi mazwi ane mapapiro anobva kupi?

Saka chii chiri "kutaura kwemapapiro"? Ndezvipi zvinosarudzwa zvinovadzidzisa, zvinozviparadzanisa kubva pane zvimwe zvinyorwa zvinyorwa? Mhinduro yacho ifupi: nyanzvi yekunyora. Kunyange kana mazwi ane mapapiro akabudiswa sekutaura kweunhu hwakanaka, hwakanga huri kunyorwa kwavari.

Haisi chakavanzika chokuti hutsika hwemagariro evanhu hunotsanangurwa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, nechiitiko chinosanganisira chimiro chetsika. Icho ndicho chinyorwa chekuvandudza kwe civilizational chinogona kutsanangurwa nechokuti kutaura kwemapapiro echiLatini kwasvika kwatiri. VaRoma vaiva vashandi vaisarudza kushandisa sciences. Zvinyorwa zvadzo zvekuvakwa, pane zvekurima, kusiyana nezvino mabhuku mabhizinesi, zvakanyorwa mumutauro wekufananidzira une zvinyorwa zvemashoko. Izvo zvinoenderana nekunyora kwakanyorwa kwakanyorwa kwemakore ane chiuru chekugadzirwa kwemashoko ayo mazwi euchenjeri emadzimambo, mafiroso, vatungamiriri vakauya kwatiri.

Kubudirira kwekare kwevaRoma, izvo zvakaita kuti pave nemamwe mapurogiramu

Periodization yekuvandudzwa kwezvinyorwa zvekuRoma zveRoma zvinoratidzwa nekutangira muzana remakore rechitatu BC. E. Uye chikamu chekukwirira kwayo kwakanyanya mu1 I BC. E., yakashongedzwa nemazita akakurumbira emanyori nevadzidzisi - Ovid, Cicero, Virgil, Horace.

Vakuru vekare vaiwanzoonekwa neuchenjeri uye kufunga mafungiro. Muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, zviri pachena, Plutarch naHorace vakanga vasingafadzi, uyezve, vanhu vanofara chaizvo. Zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvavakasika zvakagwinya uye zvakasikwa. Chii chinofanirwa chete nekuedza kwechibvumirano uye semugumisiro wakabereka hove yemakomo! Mazwi ane mapapiro eVaRoma (gomo rimwechete uye mutsara) akazotaurwa nezvishamiso zvinotyisa nevanyori veRussia nevefilosofi (somuenzaniso, Trediakovsky).

Mutauro wechiLatin uri kufa here?

Mushure mekuwa kweWestern Roman Empire, iyo inowira muzana remakore rechitanhatu AD, E., chiLatini , mutauro wekutaura kweperethnic weAkare yeRoma, zvishoma nezvishoma inofa, kureva, inoguma kutaura. Zvisinei, kusvika pakuguma kwezana remakore rechi17 remusangano mutsva weEurope, inoramba iine mutauro wakanyora wakashandurwa: uri mupenyu uye unobatsira kune vakasarudzwa vanhu vakadzidza - masayendisiti, vaprisiti, madiplomate. Ndivo vanhu avo vasina kungoziva chete kufamba kwemafambiro, asiwo kuvashandisa mumitambo yavo, vakaunza kwatiri hukuru hwepfungwa yekare yaiva mukati mavo. Zvechokwadi, vaverengi vanodikanwa, iwe pachako iwe kazhinji uchingosangana mumabhuku, kana mune shanduro yeRussia yakataura mazwi, akambotaurwa nevaRoma vanozvikudza. Tinoyeuka chete vamwe vavo.

Nyanzvi dzeChiratini muEurope

Iyo yakagadziridzwa chimiro cheChiratini panguva imwe yakave chikonzero chekuwedzera kufambira mberi kwemitauro yeItaly, French, Portuguese. Zvisinei, mifananidzo yake nemashoko ekunyora zvakashandira kushandiswa kwake kwemazuva ano.

Icho chiri chiri chimiro chepamutemo chechechi yeKaturike chaiyo yeVatican. Mukuwedzera, mutauro wechiLatin waiva uye unoramba uri mutauro weEuropean science. Mashoko ane mapapiro echiLatini akasikwawo muEurope yekare. Thomas Aquinas, Thomas More, Francois Villon (iyo rondedzero inogona kuramba ichienderera mberi) ndeyekuenderera mberi kwebasa rokuumba chiLatini mashoko ezvinyorwa.

Chirevo chechiLatin chaizivikanwa muRussia

Mune mutauro uyu wesayenzi, kuisa maRoma zvinyorwa zvemashoko mazviri, masayendisiti eRussia akasika mabasa avo, somuenzaniso, MV Lomonosov, NI Pirogov. Kunyanya, ndiye Mikhail Vasilievich uyo ane kodzero yekuenderera mberi, asi muchiRussia, tsika ya Virgil, iyo yaakaisa munhetembo "Chivigiro".

Zvisinei, ikozvino muzana remakore rechina, sezvo AS Pushkin akanyora mubhuku inoti "Eugene Onegin", rinova "ChiLatini hachisi kuitika." Uye mushure meOctober Revolution mutauro wechiLatini, uyo kusvikira panguva iyoyo wakamanikidzirwa kudzidza muchikoro chakazara (yeuka chitsauko "Latin Exam" kubva ku "Youth" yaLool Toystoy) yakabviswa. Zvisinei, panguva ino - nguva yekusika tsika - mazwi echiLatin ane mapapiro anowanikwa zvakare. Izvo zvinotaurwa nevanyori, vanhu vane simba vanosanganisira ivo mumadzitateguru. Mukuwedzera, mazuva ano vanhu vazhinji vakadzidza vanoshandisa zvinyorwa pane imwe pfungwa mumutauro wakanyorwa, kana zvichifanira. Unyanzvi hwakadaro hwakarurama: hupfupi hwemashoko echiLatini, zvakadzama zvezvinoreva uye tsika yekare yakaiswa mukati maro nguva dzose inoita kuti inakidze.

Pamashoko ekuRussia ane mapapiro

Tichifunga nezvemashoko eRussia ane mapapiro, ngatitendei kune mabhuku avo anovimbika - mabhuku eArussia epaGritain ezana remakore rechi19, achiwedzera tsika dzepasi nemazita ePushkin, Lermontov, Griboyedov, Krylov, Belinsky, Gogol, Turgenev, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky. Basa rezvikoro zvechikoro rinoshanda sechipo chavo chekupa. Vanyori vanoziva mabhuku vanoziva nemoyo mazhinji mazwi ane mapapiro anozadza zvinyorwa zvinyorwa, nhema, makamera, nhau.

Funga, somuenzaniso, fable yaKrylov "The Mirror uye Monkey." Mazwi ane mapapiro, sezvatinoona, anowanikwa kunyange mubasa duku rekunyora, iro mwana angakanganwa nyore nyore.

Upenyu hwomunyori nekudzika kwepfungwa zvakasiyana nemitsetse yepamusoro ye fable "Mirror and Monkey". Aya mazwi ane mapapiro, pasina mubvunzo, mazuva ano nhasi. Zvechokwadi, usati watarisisa maitiro eumwe munhu, unofanira kudzidza kudzidza zvakakwana simba rako uye simba rako.

Zvingava zvisina kururama kurongedza basa remakore ekutsvaga mabhuku, kwete kuona kuti mabhuku anonyanya kuwanda emashoko aya aya, kunze kweTary's's fables, ndiwo mabasa: Griboyedov - "Nhamo kubva kuWi", Fonvizin - "Nedorosl", inoshanda naKozma Prutkov.

Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, V. Mayakovsky, vanyori vaIlf naPetrov, uye M. Bulgakov vakabudirira mukusika mazwi ane mapapiro. Ngatimbofungidzira mazita emapapiro akawanda akauya kwatiri kubva mumabhuku eRussia:

Izvo zvinoreva kuti mazwi aya anowanzosvika mumatambudziko pasi pemamiriro akasiyana-siyana ekukurukurirana apo apo zvakakosha kuti unobtrusively ipe chidimbu chezviri kuitika. Mune shoko, vanoda vemabhuku makuru eRussia havadi kutsanangurira kwenguva yakareba kuti chii chinotenderera kutaura.

Maproseoisisms anoitwa neBhaibheri

Zvingava zvisina kururama kuti tisareva hurukuro huru yezvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvezvinyorwa zvebhaibheri, izvo zvinoita niche inokosha mukukurukurirana kwemazuva ano nekuona kwenyika. Ivo nenzira yekufananidzira, mifananidzo inobatsira pakuumbwa kwehutsika hwepamusoro uye hwemweya hwevanhu. Mushure mezvose, kunyange kunyorwa kwemazuva ano kunotora "kubvira pakuberekwa kwaKristu."

Mhedzisiro yechiKristu inogadzirisa zvikamu haisi mugove wevatendi chete. Kubvira panguva yekare, tsika yeOrthodox Russia yakavazadza nehupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Izvi hazvina kumisa kunyange makumi emakore okudyara izvo zvinonzi svesism. Zvichida, mumwe nomumwe wedu, achiwana dzidzo, achidzokidzwa kakawanda kubva kuvadzidzisi mazwi eBhaibheri akazova mapapiro: "Kuziva kuti Baba vedu" (kureva,, zvakasimba, nemwoyo). Bvumirana kuti muupenyu hwezuva nezuva, kwete zvachose, zvisingaverengi zvinyorwa zvebhaibheri . Mienzaniso yeiyo inogona kunge iri: "kukanganisa makwai", "chigumbuso", "Judas kiss".

Mhedziso

Vanyori vezvakaitika kare uye nyanzvi vanopikisa kuti kubatanidzwa kwezwi rokuti "mazwi ane mapapiro" ndeyomuGreece Homer yekare. Izvo zvakataurwa pamusoro pemazuva ano mu "Iliad" uye "Odyssey". Zvisinei, izvi zvinoreva here kuti chiitiko ichi hachina kusimuka mune zvekare kare?

Zvisinei, kufungisisa nezvemhando yemhando iyi yemitauro, tinoona kuti yakagadzirwa uye inogadzirwa nechimwe chimiro chetsika. Vanosimbisa mumweya. Munhu anoshandisa mazwi ane mapapiro, chaizvoizvo, anokumbira kufungidzira kwevanobatana navo, kune tsika yavo yemutsika.

Zvichida ndicho chikonzero, patinopedzisa nyaya yacho, tinogona kugumisa kuti kuwedzerwa kwemashandisirwo emapapiro mumazuva ose ekukurukurirana kwevanhu kunoratidza huwandu hwekuvandudza tsika yavo.