Mwongo ndipo? Mwongo: basa, mamiriro

Imwe zvinyama inokosha mumuviri wedu ropa. Hazvina basa nerubatsiro okisijeni, kureva, simba masero ose, nhengo uye hurongwa. Naizvozvo zvinokosha munguva muzadze mumatanda masero kuti vanoumba ropa (erythrocytes, maplatelet, leukocytes).

Hwose nechimwe masero aya rakanyatsojeka diki uye anoda kubatsira kubvira 5 Mazuva (leukocytes) mazuva 100 (erythrocytes). Izvi zvinosanganisira kudiwa kugara kuzvidzora yokuti ropa. Mumuviri mune nhengo kuti chete ichi mashandiro uye kuita.

Human ropa-nokuumba nhengo

Pakati huru hurongwa muviri, izvo anoshumira nokuumbwa itsva masero eropa vane tsvuku mwongo uye chirwatata. The nhengo dzinobudisa Hurongwa zvakare imwe panzombe iyo mumwongo riri kushanda. Where simba iri uye kuti chinomiririra, vakakurukura pazasi.

Location mwongo mumuviri

The localization zvikamu muviri, dzikaumba masero eropa, zvakakwana pfungwa. Chokwadi chokuti huru nhengo dzose hematopoiesis - red mwongo uye chirwatata - havasi zvakakura functionality yavo. Saka, zviri mwongo hakuna mubvunzo uye dzinokosha panyaya iyi, saka zviri zvikuru nzvimbo yayo, nhamba uye kuipa kushanda vose dzemuviri.

The chikuru nzvimbo mwongo localization muri mapfupa chete, asi kwete vose, sezvo tsvuku mwongo rine chete chikamu pfupa, uye mumwe - tsvuku.

Kukura mamiriro

All chepfungwa paumbwe mumwongo kwevanhu sezvinotevera:

1. Mwongo inochengeterwa uye vakava kubva pakutanga embryonic paumbwe embryo.
2. Pachikuva embryo zvino mudumbu vakaumba, uyewo pashure pokuberekwa, mukati makore mashoma mapfupa ose muviri ndiwo vaburitsi (vagadziri) masero eropa uye lymphocytes, kureva, marudzi ose tsvuku mumwongo apo unorema masero vaduku undifferentiated.
3. Nokufamba kwenguva, izvozvo kuchatsiviwa yero, kureva zvose zvikuru nezviduku mapfupa tubular muviri.

Saka, zviri pachena kuti mwongo kunogona kaviri: tsvuku uye tsvuku.

Zvinoitwa yellow mwongo

Zviri mafuta-kufanana fuma yellowish vakaumba masero kugadzira muviri lipoid tishu. No chikamu muropa nokuumbwa kana paumbwe cellular hurongwa kutapata haagamuchiri. In mararamiro unotsiva tsvuku mwongo pamafupa zhinji, kukwegura anova chikuru filler diaphysis mapfupa refu. The zvachose uremu zviri muviri vanenge 2.5-3 makirogiramu. Ichi hafu zvachose guru mumwongo. The chikuru Pakanzi - zviri simba uye nokupa mapfupa elasticity. Uyezve, nokuti kukuvara makuru uye traumas yero mwongo inogona kwenguva chikatsiviwa dzvuku kudzorera chakaipa mashandiro kweropa.

Sechivako mumwongo

The chikuru chinoumba ndiyo chikamu guru guru masero undifferentiated uye unyanzvi inonzi hunde. Izvi zvinoita sechivako yakasiyana uye zvikuru kuti upenyu hwevanhu. mwongo mamiriro rinosanganisira miviri mikuru zvinyama: reticular (stroma) uye hematopoietic.

Mucheka iyo zvose vakaumba zvemamiriro dzomunyika Kuronga tsvuku nemwongo yawo, inonzi reticular stroma. It anozadza rose richienda pfupa uye rine zvinotevera zvinhu:

• vakawanda midziyo ropa, akamupa semifluid kusachinja-chinja uye tsvuku;
• masero fibroblast (Vanoburitsa fibrin uye fibrinogen)
• masero endothelial.

Pamwe chete reticular rinenge riri mumwongo rine hematopoietic zvinhu - hunde masero. Ivo panguva Kusiyanisa uye specialization chimiro erythrocytes, lymphocytes, maplatelet nezvimwe vomumatunhu ropa uye node.

nzvimbo dzakawanda mumwongo Saka, mumuviri pane apo huru hematopoietic rinenge - red-siyana pfungwa yacho.

1. Epifazy pfupi uye refu mapfupa.
2. Diaphysis pamusoro tubular osteons.
3. mapfupa Flat.
4. Vertebrae.

Urongwa hwakadaro uye localization - ndozvakajairwa munhu mukuru.

The masero mwongo

Hematopoietic zvinyama rine yakawanda hunde masero sezvamunoita uye mamiriro akafanana embryonic utachiona. Izvi zvinokosha chaizvo okunze, nekuti mamwe masero ose mumuviri (uye pane mabhiriyoni) dzine unyanzvi hwakasiyana uye haangambotenderi kutsiva mamwe masero ari zvinyama kana perespetsializirovatsya. Asi unogona kuzviita. Naizvozvo, ndivo hwaro, izvo zvinoita kuti pave zvose ropa corpuscles uye zvivako zviri nhengo dzinobudisa hurongwa.

Mwongo masero vanoumba utachiona shanu hematopoiesis, chimwe nechimwe tibvunze kuti imwe maatomu akafanana.

1. Erythrocyte zvinomera zvinozobudisa masero matsvuku eropa - masero matsvuku eropa, kuita zvinokosha mashandiro pakufamba reokisijeni kuti nhengo uye munyama.
2. Granulocyte unoumba utachiona masero, eosinophils, neutrophils uye basophils, izvo zvinokosha zvivako Muviri kutapata, uye vanoumba ropa masero machena.
3. Lymphocytic nhungirwa kunoita kuti tibvunze lymphocytes - hwaro nhengo dzinobudisa hurongwa.
4. Monocyte utachiona siyana monocytes - zvirwere shaped okunze.
5. Megakaryocytic nhungirwa tibvunze kuti upenyu maplatelet - mumwe mukuru ropa masero anokonzera pakugwamba.

Saka, mashandiro anoita mwongo kuchaenderana zvinoti pamusoro sero mamiriro, ayo emagetsi. Ava vose zvivako zvinokosha. Kunyangarika chinenge imwe mhando zvinhu kunotungamirira dzakakomba dzevanhu zvirwere anoda wemupiro nemwongo hunde masero.

mwongo

The chinokosha mamiriro uye kugadzwa ane womukati chezvinonhuwira flat mapfupa inovaita kukosha zvikuru muviri. Panyaya iyi tinogona kuziva nzvimbo dzinoverengeka mumwongo mabasa. Its basa sezvinotevera:

1. Zviri kuramba nokutengesa muduku, matsva masero eropa, izvo zvinofanira yoku- rimwe zuva (masero matsvuku eropa kurarama kwerinenge zuva, saka zuva, mamiriyoni anofa zvivako izvi, uye kunofanira kutsiviwa itsva).
2. Wezvamatongerwe kunzwisisa pezvivako, kunangana zvose vatorwa nyaya uye miviri sechikamu womuviri, kureva zvirwere.
3. Kudzora pachako cellular zvinoriumba uye kuuraya vasingadiwi (semuenzaniso, bundu).
4. Nokusanyanya kufadza kwataisvika masero mukati muviri, izvo zvingaonekwa kukonzerwa pathological kwendangariro.

Pasina mubvunzo, chinokosha zvikuru kunobatsirei mwongo. Where ndechimwe chivako kuti anogona kuita zvinokosha zvakadai mabasa? Hapana. Analogues mumuviri womunhu waguma. Rinotaurawo kukosha uye kusiyana tsvuku mapfupa hwomunhu.

chirwatata

Pakutanga isu kutaurwa kuti kwete chete mumwongo kunokosha pakugadzirwa ropa. Hongu, pakarepo paumbwe hombe guru masero ayo uye Kusiyanisa kuti hunde masero vane maitiro chete naye. Zvisinei, pane dzimwe hematopoietic nhengo kuti vabatsire vari mwongo ishande. Chief pakati pavo - the chirwatata. Funga yayo huru zvinhu:

• Hazvina erythrocytic chakazara muviri, kana zvakafanira (makuru krovepoteri, kunotevera, etc.) inongorira vamwe mari masero aya kupinda zvinonakisa Blutwurst guru.
• Chirwatata - murindi, Sefa, kuburikidza izvo vakawanda zvikuru ropa. It neutralizes izvozvo anobvisa nezvimedu vatorwa kuiparadza masero akafa. It - chinokosha cleanerkuva mumuviri wedu.
• Forms monocytes - mwoyo tishu mamiriro.

Chirwatata pachakwo mupfupi uye uremu vanenge 150 magiramu. Zvayaiva pamusoro mudumbu, chete rworuboshwe.

transplantation

Zvinosuruvarisa upenyu anopa munhu nematambudziko akadaro, kubvisa ayo refu zvakurukurwa hazviiti. Somuenzaniso, asati 1968 kwainzi chinhu kenza ropa chisingarapiki. Izvi zvinoshandawo zvinoodza zvakadai aplastic kupererwa, rwekenza yelymphoma, zvirwere mwongo. Muzviitiko izvi, mushonga rwakawana chete nzira yokubuda - a mwongo nokuisazve. The nzira muduku chaizvo, zvakaoma nokuda kukwana zvazvinoita kupima uye haana asi nguva dzose uneventful. Asi zvose gore, kwacho vari kuramba vachiwanda uye kutsarukana muna nepurani.

Mwongo transplantation rinogona zvitatu mhando:

1. Pakarepo mapfupa fuma.
2. Hunde masero.
3. Cord mvura (ropa).

Pakusarudza mhando kunoenderana Chirwere. Nhasi, zvose nemarudzi matatu anoshandiswa nevakawanda. Huru dambudziko yakasangana nenyanzvi - dzakaunganidzwa nomupi nokuda oparesheni. Kune akawanda zviratidzi iyo zvinofanira kuva dzakakodzera ndinobvisa vanobudirira kwaari, uye nokuda wacho.

vakasarudzwa vaipa

Kuwana nzvimbo yakakodzera anyatsoronga nokuda transplantation gomeopoeticheskih zvivako ingavakirwa nezvirango akawanda:

• boka enzanirana ropa (kwete nguva dzose kuchikosha, asi zvakakosha kwazvo);
• kushaya munhu rinorema kana chirwere zvirwere, uye zvirwere;
• kushaya anyatsoronga chirwere chepfungwa uye nhaka zvirwere.

Kakawanda zvakaisvonaka vaida mari vari chizvarwa vanhu: nehanzvadzi, hama, vana kana vabereki. Asi ichi zvazvingava, zvinyama kugarisana inosimbiswa chete kuchengetwa 25 muzana Muzviitiko. Zvakaoma chaizvo kuona yakanaka tsime, anozopa hwakanaka mwongo (Photo sei izvozvo anotarisa, unogona kuona munyaya). Naizvozvo zvakafanira kuti kutsvaka vaipa pakati vatorwa. vanhu vakadaro vanogona kuva vamiririri vemarudzi ose, madzinza uye nyika.

Mhando mwongo transplantation

Pane mhando mbiri huru:

• autologous transplantation - apo masero hunde anotorwa kubva murwere pachine uye vakavharirwa mukati yakananga ezvinhu asati kuvhiyiwa;
• allogeneic nokuisazve - mashoko hunobviswa anyatsoronga, izvo yakakodzera ezvinhu evanhu, kusanganisira hama dzose.

Maererano mamiriro date nehwaro eutungamiri nyika iri anyatsoronga anopiwa muGermany uye United States. MuRussia, vashoma chaizvo vaipa, saka varwere vedu wakasimwa hunde masero vemamwe marudzi.