Mwari chii? Mwanakomana waMwari

Nguva yakawanda yapfuura kubva pakuonekwa kwevanhu panyika yedu. Asi mibvunzo iyo yakamutambudza mumaperembudzi ake ekare akagara. Takabva kupi? Nei tichirarama? Pane muumbi here? Mwari chii? Mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi dzichanzwika zvakasiyana zvichienderana nemunhu kubvunza. Kunyange nesayenzi yemazuva ano haigoni kupa uchapupu hwakadaro hwemashoko anowanzogamuchirwa kuitira kuti irege kukwanisa kubvunzwa. Chimiro chega chega chine maonero azvo echitendero, asi chinotendeuka pane chimwe chinhu: munhu haagoni kurarama pasina kutenda mune chimwe chinhu chakakwirira.

General gwara raMwari

Pano pane pfungwa dzenhema uye dzechitendero dzaMwari. Kubvira pakuona kwezvinyorwa, Mwari haasi oga. Tichifunga nezvevanhu vakawanda vekare (Greece, Egypt, Roma, etc.), munhu anogona kugumisa kuti vanhu havana kutenda mune mumwe mwari mumwe chete, asi mune vazhinji vanamwari. Vaiva vadiki. Izvi zvinoshamisa masayendisiti anoshevedza kuti polytheism. Kutaura pamusoro pemhando yevamwari, iwe unofanirwa kutsanangura kuti ndeipi yemarudzi ekare ainamata kwavari. Kunzvimbo yavo kunobva pane izvi. Mumwe nomumwe wavo aiva nesimba pane imwe nzvimbo yezvinhu zvose (pasi, mvura, rudo, nezvimwewo). Muchitendero, Mwari isimba rinoshamisa rinesimba pamusoro pevanhu vose nezvose zvinoitika munyika yedu. Yakapiwa zvinhu zvakanaka, zvinowanzopiwa nekukwanisa kwezvisikwa. Chii chinonzi Mwari, kupindura nenzwi rimwe chete zvisingabviri, nokuti iyi iyo pfungwa yakasiyana.

Unyanzvi hwepfungwa dzeMwari

Mafirosofi akakavhiringidza kwemazana emakore pamusoro paani kuti mwari akadaro. Kune mazano akawanda pamusoro peizvi. Mumwe nomumwe wesayendisiti akaedza kupa maonero ake pedambudziko iri. Plato akati kune pfungwa yakachena iyo inofungisisa kwatiri kubva kumusoro. Iye ndiyewo muumbi wezvinhu zvose. MuNew Age, somuenzaniso, Rene Descartes akadana mwari chisikwa chisina zvikanganiso. B. Spinoza akati izvi ndizvo zvakasikwa, izvo zvinoita zvinhu zvose zvakapoteredza, asi hazviiti zvishamiso. Muzana remakore re XVII, rationalism yakazvarwa, mumiririri waro waiva I. Kant. Akataura kuti Mwari anogara mupfungwa dzevanhu kuti asangane nezvinodiwa zvake zvomudzimu. G. Hegel aiva mumiririri wemafungiro. Mune zvinyorwa zvake akashandura Mukurumbira kuva chirevo, icho, pamwe nekukura kwayo, chakabereka zvose zvatinogona kuona. Muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri rakatotikurudzira kuti tinzwisise kuti Mwari mumwe wevadzidzi vose uye vatendi vashoma. Asi nzira inotungamirira vanhu ava kune Wekumusoro yakasiyana.

Mwari muchiJudha

ChiJudha ndicho chitendero chenyika yevaJudha, icho chakava chikonzero chechiKristu. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezviitiko zvinotyisa zvekunamata Mwari, kureva kuti, kunamata mumwechete. Nzvimbo yakabva kuchiJudha inoonekwa sePalestina. Mwari wevaJudha, kana Jehovha, anonzi ndiye Musiki wenyika. Akataurirana nevanhu vakasarudzwa (Abhurahama, Mosesi, Isaka, etc.) uye akavapa ruzivo nemirairo yavaizofanira kuita. MuChiJudha, zvinonzi Mwari ndiye mumwe wevose, kunyange kune avo vasingamuzivi. Iko kusinganzwisisiki kwekutendeseka kwemweya muchitendero ichi kwakatanga kuziviswa kusina kuchinjwa kwekutanga kokutanga munhoroondo. Mwari wevaJudha ndewekusingaperi, kutanga nekuguma, Musiki weChiri. Nebhuku dzvene vanoziva Testamende Yekare, iyo vanhu vakanyora pasi pekutungamirirwa naMwari. Chimwe chirevo chechiJudha chiri kuuya kwaMesiya, uyo anofanira kuponesa vanhu vakasanangurwa kubva pakutambudzwa kusingaperi.

ChiKristu

Zvitendero zvepasi pose ndezvechiKristu. Yakasimuka pakati pezana remakore rokutanga. N. E. MuPalestine. Pakutanga, vaJudha chete ndivo vaiva vaKristu, asi mumakumi mashoma emakore, chitendero ichi chakagamuchira marudzi mazhinji. Munhu mukuru uye chikonzero chinokonzera kubuda kwaiva Jesu Kristu. Asi vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanotaura kuti mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma ehupenyu evanhu akaita basa, asi haarambi kuvapo kwaJesu semunhu wenhoroondo. Bhuku guru muChiKristu ndiro Bhaibheri, iro rinosanganisira Old and New Testaments. Chikamu chechipiri chebhuku dzvene iri rakanyorwa nevadzidzi vaKristu. Inotaura nezvehupenyu nemabasa edzidzisi uyu. Imwe mwari wevaKristu ndiIshe, uyo anoda kuponesa vanhu vose pasi pano kubva kune infernal flame. Anopikira upenyu husingaperi muparadhiso, kana iwe utenda maari uye kumushumira. Munhu wose anotenda, zvisinei nokuti nyika ndeyei, yakare uye yapfuura. Mwari ane zvitatu zvinomwe: Baba, Mwanakomana uye Mweya Mutsvene. Chimwe chezvinhu izvi zvitatu chine simba rose, nokusingaperi uye zvose-zvakanaka.

Jesu Kristu iGwayana raMwari

Sezvambotaurwa kare, vaJudha kubva panguva yekare vakamirira kuuya kwaMesiya. KuvaKristu, Jesu akave akadaro, kunyange zvazvo vaJudha vasina kumuziva. Bhaibheri rinotitaurira kuti Kristu ndiye Mwanakomana waMwari, uyo akatumwa kuzoponesa nyika kubva pakuparadzwa. Izvo zvose zvakatanga nekuzvarwa kwemhandara kweMhandara Virgin Mary, iyo yakauya nengirozi ndokuti yakasarudzwa neWekumusoro-soro. Pakuberekwa kwake nyenyedzi itsva yakaonekwa mudenga. Kubwinya kwaJesu kwaive kwakangofanana neyevezera rake. Mushure mokunge asvika makore makumi matatu, akabhabhatidzwa ndokutanga mabasa ake. Chinhu chikuru mukudzidzisa kwake ndechekuti ndiye Kristu, ndiko kuti, Mesiya, uye Mwanakomana waMwari. Jesu akataura pamusoro pekutendeuka uye kukanganwirwa, nezvekutonga kuri kuuya uye kuuya kwechipiri. Akaita zvishamiso zvakawanda, sekuporesa, kumutswa, kuchinja mvura kuva waini. Asi chinhu chikuru ndechokuti pakupedzisira Kristu akazvipira iye oga nokuda kwezvivi zvevanhu venyika yose. Akanga asina mhosva uye akatambudzwa kuvanhu vose kuitira kuti vagozopukunyuka kuburikidza neropa raJesu. Kumutswa kwake kwaireva kukunda uipi uye dhiyabhorosi. Yakafanirwa kupa tariro kuvanhu vose vaida.

Pfungwa yeMwari muIslam

Islam, kana Islam, yakasimuka muzana remakore rechinomwe kumadokero kweArabian Peninsula. Muvambi wake aiva Muhammad, uyo anoonekwa muchitendero ichi semuporofita mukuru. Akagamuchira chizaruro kubva kumutumwa Jebrairi uye aifanira kuudza vanhu nezvazvo. Izwi rakaratidza chokwadi kwaari rakapa zvakare zviri mukati mebhuku dzvene - Koran. Mwari weMaslems anonzi Allah. Akasika zvinhu zvose zvakatipoteredza, zvipenyu zvose, matenga manomwe, gehena nedenga. Anogara pachigaro chake chepamusoro kumusoro kwedenga rechinomwe uye anotonga zvose zvinoitika. Mwari uye Allah zvakakosha zvakafanana, nokuti kana tikashandura shoko rokuti "Allah" kubva muchiArabic muchiRussia, tichaona kuti zvinoreva "Mwari." Asi vaMuslim havaiti izvi nenzira iyi. Iye ari kwavari chimwe chinhu chinokosha. Iye mumwe, mukuru, anoona-zvose uye asingagumi. Allah anotumira zivo yake kuburikidza nevaporofita. Paiva nezvipfumbamwe mune zvose, uye masere awo akaenzana nevaapositori vechiKristu, kusanganisira Jesu (Isa). Yechipfumbamwe uye tsvene-tsvene ndiye Muporofita Muhammad. Iye chete ndiye airemekedzwa kugamuchira ruzivo rwakakwana kupfuura mamwe maitiro eKoran.

Buddhism

Chitendero chechitatu chepasi chinonzi Buddhism. Yakatangwa mu VI. BC. E. MuIndia. Munhu akapa kutanga kwechitendero ichi aiva nemazita mana, asi mukurumbira wavo ndeyeBuddha, kana Wakavhenekerwa. Asi iyi haisi zita chete, asi chimiro chepfungwa dzomunhu. Izwi raMwari, sechiKristu kana Islam, harisi muBuddhism . Kusika kwenyika haisi mubvunzo unofanirwa kuparadza munhu. Nokudaro, hupo chaihwo hwaMwari seMusiki inorambidzwa. Vanhu vanofanira kutarisira karma yavo uye kuwana nirvana. Buddha inobatwa zvakasiyana nenzira mbiri dzakasiyana. Vamiririri vekutanga vanotaura nezvake somunhu akawana nirvana. Muchipiri, Buddha inoonekwa semunhu weJarmakaai-chinangwa chezvinhu zvose, izvo zvakauya kuzovhenekera vanhu vose.

Paganism

Kuti unzwisise izvo Mwari ari muchihedheni, unoda kunzwisisa chinangwa chekutenda uku. MuchiKristu, izwi iri rinonzwisiswa nezvitendero zvisiri zvechiKristu uye izvo zvaive zvechigarire munguva yekare isati yava yechiKristu. Izvo zvinowanzoita zvevematendi. Asi masayendisiti vari kuedza kusashandisa zita iri, sezvo rine zvisinganyatsonzwisisi zvarinoreva. Inotsiviwa nezwi rokuti "chitendero chemarudzi". Pfungwa ye "mwari" mubazi rimwe nerimwe rechihedheni rine zvarinoreva. Iko kune vanamwari vakawanda mu polytheism, ivo vanounganirwa mune imwe nyika. Muchi shamanism, mutungamiri mukuru pakati pevanhu vemweya nemweya ndiyo shaman. Anosarudzwa uye haazviiti iye pachake pachake. Asi mweya haisi vanamwari, iyo inhengo dzakasiyana. Vanobatana uye vanogona kubatsira kana kukuvadza vanhu zvichienderana nezvinangwa zvavo. Mukutenda, totem inonamatwa semwari, inonamatwa neboka rimwe revanhu kana munhu mumwe chete. Anonzi anofambidzana nezera kana mhuri. I totem inogona kuva mhuka, rwizi, kana chimwe chinhu chakasikwa. Anonamatwa uye anogona kuzvipira. Muchidimbu, chinhu chimwe nechimwe kana chinoshamisa chezvakasikwa zvine mweya, ndiko kuti, chimiro chemweya. Naizvozvo, mumwe nomumwe wavo akakodzera kunamatwa.

Nokudaro, kutaura pamusoro pezvaMwari, iwe unoda kutaura nezvezvitendero zvakawanda. Mumwe nomumwe wavo nenzira yake pachake anonzwisisa izwi iri kana kuti anoramba. Asi zvinowanikwa kune mumwe nomumwe wavo ndezvisikwa zvinoshamisa zveMwari uye kukwanisa kwake kuchinja hupenyu hwevanhu.