Munich Agreement muna 1938 - munhu kusavimbika kana kukanganisa? nyaya

Autumn zuva yakagara Adolf Hitler, German chanzera Führerbau akaunganidza anokudzwa vakokwa. Mugumisiro haisi chaizvo refu Nhaurirano akanga anonzi Munich Agreement (1938). Kusavimbika kana kukanganisa - chaiva chii? Kusvikira ikozvino, kare kubva kunyika dzakasiyana nharo panyaya iyi, uyewo enyika vamiririri zvinodiwa mamiriro sayenzi zvakasiyana, mumwe nomumwe wavo vachiti. Nyanzvi Western kunobatsira kuzviisa pasi kuti dzokutarisira Daladier uye Chamberlain vamwe mhando. Zvakanaka, tichivimba vakanga kwazvo zvose, uye vanonyengera Hitler chandakukanganisira navo. Asi chii chaizvo chakaitika? Ndechipi chakanakisisa Munich Agreement muna 1938? Kumutengesa kana chikanganiso? Kana mhosva?

The Western shanduro Second World War

Pashure pokuwa kweSoviet Union, asi kare mumazuva okupedzisira makore ivepo, munyika emauto-nhoroondo mabhuku yakaonekwa kutaurwa risingazivikanwi zviitiko rakaitika kurwisa Hitler wokutanga. Uyezve, tikafunga zvinodiwa kuti declassify zvizere mashoko asiri utsinye chibvumirano chasainwa Molotov uye Ribbentrop muna August 1939, chinangwa zvakajeka zvakakwana delineated mabhuku aya aiva kuti kugovera mhosva pakati Nazi Germany uye Stalin kuti USSR nokuda nokutambudzika Second World War. Nokukurumidza, pfungwa yaiva kuti vanhu kuseka kunyange mberi. Zvikurukuru akatanga kusvika pachena akazivisa Soviet Union uye aHitler basa rakanga, asi, asina mhosva. Kana dzimwe nyika nhengo hondo, navo zvakanga zvakaita kuva pachena panyaya iyi. France yevanhu vakaurayiwa, kuti Chakashamisa nokusaina kupa Keitel, yakarova vakundi. Britain, sezvakanga akabatana nayo muna 1944 America, akatungamirira hondo nokuda kworusununguko uye hweruzhinji akarurama. Poland tisingafungiri akawira pasi yakakuwandira of Red Army uye Wehrmacht, yakarohwa kubva kumativi maviri.

Ndiyo dudziro zviitiko, kufambidzana musi August 23, 1939. Nei naye? Nokuti kana nokuchenjera siya asati zvibvumirano, shanduro anotarira maererano, musoro uye zvakajeka. Yakanga Stalin mhosva. Eya, achiri Chokwadi, Hitler. Saka, zvishoma. Pfungwa yose anotanga chiwondomoke, kana tikayeuka zviitiko rapfuura gore, kureva kuti Munich Agreement 1938, Kushambadzwa kana akakanganisa payo yakanga iri iyi hazvina basa. Zvinokosha chete chokwadi.

yaitwa kuvamba

Chokwadi vaiva sezvinotevera: ari Sudetenland, chikamu kuCzechoslovakia, vokuGermany akararama - vanhu mamiriyoni matatu nehafu uye. Kunze kwavari, paiva zvinopfuura mamiriyoni gumi Czechs uye simba rakavakirirwa kudzivirira, vakadzokera kuna Germany. Kana kuCzechoslovakia, nyika yakanga dzakabudirira maindasitiri ichi, chidimbu yezvombo, uye aionekwa nenzira dzakawanda, kwete kunyange Europe, kusanganisira simba muchiuto. Uye mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro hazvisi chaizvo zvakanaka Hitler isarudze kuti Sudetenland pamwe nezvose zviri mairi. Zvino vakaronga andobata uye vose kuCzechoslovakia, zvisinei, zviri pamusoro haina kuudza munhu, kana iye akasaina Munich Agreement 1938. Chokwadi, hazvina kubvunza munhu. Saka zvose zvashanduka panze.

kuwana simba

German chanzera akashandisa unyanzvi akadana pakati kadhi vatambi Bluff. Akangozvitaura akanga agadzirira kushandisa rehondo, kana kutsauka Sudetenland murunyararo uye nokuzvidira. Kutaura zvazviri, zvinoita ichi muNazi Germany haana. Panguva iyoyo, German kuunganidza mukana aiva mapoka 37 pamusoro 36 Czech, asi kumuganhu wokumavirira of Reich iyi, akaramba kudzivirirwa. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti ibudirire tsamwisa pamusoro canons zvose muchiuto, zvebhinya inoda dzinenge imwe-mudanga matatu ukuru. A Sudeten masvingo vaiva chipingamupinyi chakakomba. Ndakaita izvi Neville Chamberlain? Kana British ruzivo (izvo British pachavo vachifarira chaizvo Zvinokudza) chipo chingwa chake?

Kuwedzera kune anofungidzirwa kusanganiswa parity muCzechoslovakia mumatsutso 1938, yakanga zvakanakira maoko. The nyika wakaitwa kutungamirira nzvimbo yaro iri aina yokuzvidzivirira nyaya, uye dzehondo (gare gare akabatwa vokuGermany) chakaita kuti chikamu chinokosha vehondo tangi German muna June 1941.

negotiators

States izvo akasaina kuti Munich Agreement, vakatadza kusvika nzwisisa. From Germany - Adolf Hitler, kubva Italy - Benito Mussolini. Uyu ndomumwe divi. Nhasi tose tinoziva kuti mukupera thirties, vaiva munyika idzi yechiFascist hwoudzvinyiriri. Zvadaro, muna 1938, uyewo akanga asiri chakavanzika. Nokuno rumwe, rinomiririra Democratic masimba? Kubva London akasvika Neville Chamberlain, uye kubva Paris - Édouard Daladier. Zvose! Vamiririri Soviet asina kukumbirwa, asi izvi hazvishamisi. Strange mumwe - havana kukokwa, uye Czechoslovak mutungamiri Edvard Benes. Zvechokwadi, paakanga pano neni?

Poland nezvetsika

Pasina mubvunzo, Second World War - kupfuura unosuruvarisa peji munhoroondo kwePoland. Zvisinei, gore risati kuwa kwake pasi yakakuwandira of Wehrmacht nyika ino akararama asina hanya achisimbisa pachake nemiganhu yayo - iye kunyange vakakwanisa richikura navo! Pakarepo shure rokurwa Sudetenland vokuGermany, Poles akaisa mberi kokupedzisira kuna Prague, zvinoreva izvo zvavo akadzokorora Munich Agreement. Muchidimbu inogona akagadzira sechinhu chinodiwa kusunungura Cieszyn nharaunda. Mirira mhinduro uye havana kuzununguswa mauto avo kuti nharaunda, umo vagari mazana maviri nezvine makumi masere vakanga dzemadzinza Poles. Gare gare, Churchill aizotumidza zviito izvi "makaro mapere."

Vaimupomera "vachifadza" Hitler

Musimboti ari Munich Agreement ndiyo nyore: Britain uye France vaisungirwa Czechoslovakia kuti miganhu tobvuma kuti vafadze Hitler. Chamberlain, paakasvika muLondon, vakazunza yakasainwa gwaro uye akavimbisa rugare rusingaperi. Kana toreva akanga akaperera, yakavimbika vanhu havazombofi ngakuzivikanwe, asi fungidziro pamusoro ichi zvichibvira. Chokwadi chokuti yose inofamba Vector militarist proclivities Germany akatumwa East, uye kazhinji kugutsikana kumadokero enyika. Tariro kuti munhuwi mubereko, mutungamiriri Nazi kudzikama, zvaizova zvakare mano, kunyange Chamberlain uye Daladier. pranks Polish haana nyadza purezidhendi French uye wehurumende Britain, uye Hitler haana vachikoshesa kukosha kwavari, achiziva kuti chero zvakadaro achapora kwete Těšín nharaunda chete. Kana Benito Mussolini, akasvika Munich anongoti "mamwe rutsigiro".

zvabuda

Germany yabudirira chinangwa chayo. VokuGermany mune yepamusorosoro Mazinga pamwe midziyo uye unyanzvi, mbishi zvinhu nechigadziko, imwe muganhu akazaruka, asina masvingo dzinodhura, uye vazhinji makagadzirira-kuzvidavirira zvigadzirwa - kubva nepfuti (mamiriyoni) kune matangi, kwete kupfuura ano, Chokwadi, asiwo Wehrmacht pavaiva kwete nani.

hunodzorwa nyika pfungwa muPoland. The maindasitiri zvinogona munyika (kunyanya metallurgia) panguva yakawedzera vanenge hafu, uye izvi kubudirira pasina kurasikirwa.

Czechoslovakia akarasikirwa zvikuru. Zvino, hazvina kujeka nei Benes vakaita nokuvimbika uye havana kupa kuti vazvidzivirire. Asi pakanga mumwe, uye raiva chinhu. Hitler pachake chaizvo Sudeten Kusimbaradza, vachiziva kuti kurwisa kwavo aizova bheja. Field Marshal Keitel achitongwa muNuremberg, vaitaura kuti Wehrmacht zvaisagona afarirwe muuto Czechoslovak muna 1938 panguva ezvinhu aripo zvino. Uye kana akapindira nyaya kunyika rechitatu (France, Britain, Soviet Union), hondo ingadai kukurumidza kugumisa azokunda Germany. Asi izvi zvose hazvina kuitika ...

Zvinoreva manipulations anhasi

Saka chii chaiva Munich Agreement muna 1938? "Chirangano kana chikanganiso?" - mubvunzo uyu haana kukosha kudaro ikozvino, pashure vanenge nomwe emakore, kana kwete zvimwe pamutemo zvinhu. Pashure pehondo, zvibvumirano dzakawanda dzave akagumisa wedare nenheyo European uye pose namano. Nepo Soviet Union avapo, hapana akasvika musoro wake kudzokorora migumisiro Misangano pana Yalta uye Potsdam, asi pashure 1991 pakava wokumwe pamutemo kusawirirana. Mumwe zvibvumirano, vadzidzi akadonha kubva, nzvimbo yake rakatorwa yakazvimirira Russia, uye muedzo amuratidze vamwe, zvichida, "shamwari vokumadokero" dzedu vakakundikana. Pano zvino Ndakayeuka pamusoro chakavanzika annexes 1939 gore nezvimwe insidiousness Iosifa Stalina. Asi vanenge 1938 Munich akangamwa. Zvichida absentmindedly ...