Mumagariro guta

guta Social - pfungwa yacho chepakutanga chiri kukosha network, wezvikamu unobatanidza vanhu vakasiyana. Pfungwa zvinoreva seboka kukosha zvose anozivikanwa nzanga (nemasangano) uye dzemunharaunda ose reciprocity, mune mamwe mazwi, chii kwavo mugumisiro - ndezvipi zvinhu zvinogona kuita vanhu kuti mumwe. Social cohesion kunokosha nokuda kambani, ayo kukura uye kubudirira mune zvoupfumi.

guta Social - haisi uwandu nemasangano kuti ndivo hwaro kwenzanga, ndiyo nokusungwa chinhu kuti zvinoramba pamwe.

Commonality pakati tsanangudzo dzakawanda pfungwa, izvo zvinogona kuwanikwa rinokosha (zvoupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika, Sociological) mabhuku, kureva kuti zvose chaizvo ezvinhu ritaure evanhu ukama zvibereko zvakanakira.

Zvisinei, izvozvo hazvirevi kuva akajeka, zvazvisingarambiki pfungwa rusununguko uye pfungwa zvikonzero, saka, tsanangudzo dzavo kuti zvinogamuchirwa vaongorori kuvimba kurangwa, ayo pfungwa mavambo, padanho pakutsvakurudza. Saka, vamwe vanyori funga izwi kushanda upfumi mamiriro ezvinhu, kwete zvakazara kufungisisa wayo multidimensional, multidisciplinary.

Maererano nyanzvi French Pierre Bourdieu, magariro nyika chiri pamusaka nhoroondo. Kana musingadi kuderedzwa akatevedzana rakatumbuka nguva imwe, zvokuimba zvakanyatsoenzana pakati nevasori, izvo zviri kuonekwa interconnected nezvimedu, zvinokosha kuzodzosera kupinda mariri pfungwa guru (uye nayo kuunganidza uye nemigumisiro yayo).

Zvichienderana basa guru zvoupfumi nokuti evanhu Positioning, Bourdieu kutanga akatanga kuziva marongerwo uye mazwi: tsika, magariro, uye guta guru dzokufananidzira, pfungwa "habitus" (kwegadziriro simba vawana predispositions), kuti "munda" uye "munzanga nzvimbo", "simba zvokufananidzira" kuti kuzarura rinomutsa simba ukama munzanga.

guta Social ndeyokuita tsanangudzo Bourdieu, kunosanganisira chaiko zvinhu dzinoitwa ive simba richikurukura dzinochengeterwa nherera ukama Kudanana (kana nhengo boka). Izvi zvinopa imwe neimwe yeboka, achitsigirwa chikwata, "kodzero kuvimba" uye chikwereti nenzira dzakasiyana-pfungwa neshoko.

Shoko rokuti "guta evanhu" rinosimbisa kwete chete noushamwari uye inofadza mafungiro, asiwo zvakasiyana chaizvo kubatsira muka kubva chivimbo, reciprocity, anodzidzisa pamwe chokuita hombe "network."

Pfungwa anomhanya kuburikidza dzakawanda. kuyerera ichi mashoko: pakuunganidza ruzivo pamusoro mabasa, musarudzo kushandisa nzvimbo, kuchinja pfungwa iri rokudzidzisa masangano uye zvichingodaro.

Kubva interconnected ngetani pakuti seboka chiito. Mumwe anogona kumbotipa muenzaniso wekereke African-American, izvo Anoshingaira kutsigira mitemo veruzhinji. Collective chiito kunogonawo kukonzera pakagadzwa mapoka itsva chokuita vanhu. Yokubatana inobatsira yokugadziridza 'Ini-mafungiro "mu" isu-mafungiro ", ari kushingaira kukurudzirwa.

Kana boka nevavakidzani zvisina kurongwa kutsvaga pashure mumwe achiratidza chido chokubatsira, kana apo vaJudha Hasidic nharaunda vayowo madhaimani, hazvina kuti zvakakodzera kuti aone ose chiwanikwa iri evanhu guta iri chiito. Rinogona kuwanikwa noushamwari, chitendero, chikoro, dunhu, tsvimbo uye zvichingodaro network. "Ndokupi zvose munoziva" - chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvinoumba pfungwa.

Zvisinei, kuona kufambisa uye pamwe, ringave rinokosha drawback. Kwazvinoita mapoka kure vanhu vanoshandira pakatarisana zvinangwa (kune vanhu), mukuvhiringidza kwenzanga kukura. Mapoka aya yaizivikanwa - the nouori, madhiragi, racketeers.