Mujeri "Lefortovo". Muusungwa Zvivako muMoscow

Zvichida, pane muRussia munhu asingadi kuziva kuti yakakurumbira Lefortovo mujeri (kana kuti zvinhu yaimbonzi, "Lefortovo" mujeri) riri muMoscow. mukurumbira wake akati insulator uye akagamuchira kuonga kwayo dzakaita makore dzichipiwa kuvapo (kubvira 1881), uye vanhu, vakanga panguva dzakasiyana-siyana vari mujeri iri vaiva uye kuramba aine.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Sezvambotaurwa, pakuvaka yevasungwa centre "Lefortovo" rakavakwa mapurani P. N. Kozlovym muna 1881. Pakutanga huri parimandi mujeri vehondo vakaita zviduku mhosva.

C 1917 Lefortovo akapfuura pasi chepasi of NKVD, uye kwemakore akawanda rakashandiswa nokuda vanotyisa kurwadziswa pakati vaidzvinyirirwa vagari.

Kubva 1954 kusvika 1991, vati yevasungwa chivako rakanga rizere nhaka KGB. Uye pashure 4 Makore jeri "Lefortovo" hwakatamisirwa chepasi of FSB kweRussia.

Kubva 2005 kusvika chipo Lefortovo mujeri riri dzinoshandiswa Ministry of Justice.

nzwisisa nzvimbo

Pasinei chokwadi kuti kuRussia pane vakawanda vasanonoka nzvimbo pakati namahwindo mhando (ndiyo yakakurumbira Butyrka, Sailor kwakaita Kunyarara), kuvharirwa centre "Lefortovo" ndiro yakavharwa uye munzvimbo isingasvikiki.

Pinda mundima insulator havagoni kuva (zvakanaka, Chokwadi, kana iwe usiri mushandi sangano, dzendege, gweta uye mhosva). Muna 1993 akanga aita chete kunze nokuti gore rino pakuvaka yevasungwa centre "Lefortovo" regai venhau (panguva venhau). Izvi zvakanga chete nyaya umo masvingo yevasungwa centre vaiva kunze.

Zvakakurukurwa mavakirwo

Insulator chivakwa iri rinenge pakati guru. Zvisinei, kunyange vose vanogara pedyo dzimba Lefortovo vachiziva yomunzvimbo ichi "ngozi". Izvi kunonyanya kukonzerwa mavakirwo pakuvaka uye kuvharirwa pakati.

The insulator zvakarurama pakati zvatinosiita paitonga Stalin mukuru-vosimba zvivakwa. Chinozikamwa ndechokuti masvingo chivakwa mujeri nhamba 2 kupendwa mune imwe ruvara sezvo masvingo yakavakidzana muzvivako. izvi zvose zvinoita isolator sokunge zvazvichanyungudutswa munhu chokugara nzvimbo.

Musiyano chete kubva dzinogarwa mudzimba ndiyo kuvapo mukuru ibwe noruzhowa rwakatenderedza mukomberedzo, asi munguva yedu, yakakwirira inodiwa hapana anoshamiswa.

Kwemakore 130 ivepo, pakuvaka insulator unogadzurudzirwa nguva zhinji: ake basa kupedzisa, kuzodzosera aronga, akavaka dzimba itsva uye unobatanidza navo huru chivakwa). Asi kumbochinja pakuonekwa insulator: rakachenuruka tsvuku masvingo, sirivha denga, takapoteredzwa rusvingo rwematombo mukuru pamwe rinorema masuwo kuburikidza izvo kuunza mujeri nevasungwa.

Uye chii mukati?

Sezvo yevasungwa chivako № 2 - modal Zvivako, vanoshanyira vagari vayo vanhuwo hazvibviri. Kutora mifananidzo uye mavhidhiyo ari masvingo Lefortovo vari wairambidza. Saka, dzidza pamusoro chii insulator mukati, chete ndangariro vaimbova vasungwa.

Maererano vaimbova vasungwa Lefortovo pane inonzi mupfungwa kamuri masvingo kupendwa nhema, chiedza pane siku nesikati. Zvichipomerwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akafanana zvisingatomboiti munhu kwenguva refu kuti hazviiti. Naizvozvo, munhu mumba ezvinhu akadaro nguva dzose chokuita basa chero mhosva.

Ikoko Lefortovo uye akakurumbira uye anotyisa "munyoro" mukoridho: zvinyoronyoro uriri, masvingo uye masuo izvo zvatakaona zvirevo vaiurayiwa rufu.

Pari mukati madziro ane insulator Chokwadi, hapana bara: vasungwa uye angaratidza agere ibwe makamuri umo, asi zvinonzi mibhedha, tafura uye duku hwindo, hapana zvakawanda.

Asi "nokusanganisa" vasungwa ipapo zuva rino: anenge mwedzi ose vari kuisirwa mumwe mukamuri imwe, kuchinja zvakatipoteredza uye vavakidzani.

Corridors "vavhiringika zvisaririra"

Internal nemamiriro Kuvaka zvikuru kujairika. Stairwells vari chete rakagadzirirwa mumwe munhu, saka kukwira pamusoro pavo, Somuenzaniso, pamwe chete, zvinogona chete kuva chete faira. Straight corridors uye ndima muimba inenge hapana: corridors zvose, masitepisi uye mawindo meander sokunge dzinovhiringidza makwara.

Murume akanga ari muchivako kokutanga, budai mariri oga kwakaoma zvisingaiti. Zviri mhando labyrinth.

Sezvo imba yakanga kakawanda reconstructed uye apedza kuvaka pacharo, izvozvo azviratidza, uye yakawanda "zvinoshamisa". Saka, pamwe nhurikidzwa nhatu maonero, zviri nyore mukati mana chenhurikidzwa.

insulator masvingo kupendwa inopenya mavara: yebhuruu, tsvukuruka, chena; zvachose nharaunda yose yevasungwa centre iri pasi vakapoteredza wachi nokuongororwa. Video Makamera ari pose pose. vashandi vanoverengeka insulator mu-zvechokwadi nguva chamber zvose zvinoitika munharaunda mujeri.

marapiro

Hurumende iri parimandi mujeri "Lefortovo" rinogona kunzi kupfuura inoomesera. Izvi anoita chete kuRussia mujeri, izvo hazvitomboiti kuti verevedza zvinodhaka nezvimwe contraband. Uyezve, pane zvachose kunze mukana dzokukurukurirana vasungwa muzvitokisi zvakasiyana (kwete vanonzi tambo Telegraph).

Kudzivirirwa mu "Lefortovo" tiite chete FSB, iro akagumisa chibvumirano hazviiti.

Vasungwa Most vari kaviri makamuri kufukidza imwe nharaunda dzinenge 10 mamita. Panewo kamera katatu, asi ivo vari duku zvikuru. Panewo mukana kudonha musero rimwe chete.

Pari zvose mujeri Russia nomudzimu zvakafanana nemirayiro garai maari. Insulator "Lefortovo" hakusi Kunze: somuenzaniso, zviri dzinobvumidzwa kushandisa wemagetsi muhadyana, zvose zvokudya akashumira chete mundiro. Mukuwedzera, chimbuzi (zvinopesana dzakawanda mitemo) zvakananga kamera uye vakaparadzana nevanhu rusvingo pasi zvakafanana musha.

Pasinei neizvi, zvinhu zviri vari yevasungwa muzinda dzakawanda funga zvakanaka zvakakwana.

Sei ikoko?

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, pane mujeri № 2 zviri nyore chaizvo. Chokwadi, kuti vashandi chete yevasungwa centre, uyewo vanhu vakaita kwemhosva vanogona kuwira nyore ari insulator (vasungwa). Nokuti vose, kusanganisira kuti magweta, pamukova "Lefortovo" riri matambudziko zvikuru uye refu.

Chokwadi kuti, pasinei yakakura nhamba huri yevasungwa pakati, masero iro vanogona kutaura nemagweta avo, 6. chete nevanozvitsigira Saka vazhinji vhiki havagoni kuwana pane inonzi ndinovawoneka vatengi vavo.

Zvinoshamisa, magweta kuswedera mujenya pamusoro insulator chivakwa wachi basa munhu anoramba mazita magweta tungamidzana. Vaitsigira mipiro date dzavo pasi, uye ipapo mijenya: akazvipinza "rombo tikiti", uye pemipata.

Putsa kupinda insulator kwagara kwakaoma, sezvo rine vagari vanenge kupomerwa kutoita Wokumusorosoro-Profile mhosva. Naizvozvo, magweta vakawanda kutora jana ravo kubva usiku kumira uye yose zuva pedo nomukova, mune tariro kuti chijana chake pamberi auya.

Memories noruzivo: Moscow, "Lefortovo"

The Zvivako akashanyirwa vagari vakawanda kuzivikanwa, simba uye mukuru. Saka, mumakore siyana mune pevhu yokusungwa wakaitwa: Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Vasily Stalin (mwanakomana Stalin vake), Victor Abakumov (Minister GB), Inessa Armand, Salman Raduyev, Valeriya Novodvorskaya Yevgeny Ginsburg, Eduard Limonov, uye dzimwe voruzhinji.

Zviri kuvonga ndangariro dzavo, unogona vanoshamba mumhepo yacho insulator. Somuenzaniso, Ginsburg mune rimwe remabhuku ake rinotaura yepasi insulator umo vasungwa vakapfurwa. Iye anonyora kuti aurayiwe zvirevo rufu rinoitwa ruzha mheremhere tarakita injini. The mukoridho inotisvitsa zimba, maererano netsamba Ginsburg, akanga mudungwe munyoro jira upholstery madhoo uye masvingo - zvose zvawanga, akanyarara, uye zvikuru kugadzirira vatevedzere zviri mutongo.

Vashanyi vanoti mugomba uye maddening kugara nokuimba uye vibration ichibva CIAM yezvirwere, iri kurutivi insulator.

In essays ake, aimbova "Vashanyi" "Lefortovo" nyora pamusoro zvaidiwa nehurumende. Somuenzaniso, kana ari mukoridho ndivo vanhu vaviri panguva imwe chete, vakaisa pamusoro rima zvikwama (kuitira kuti vaisagona kuona akanga achienda navo).

Vamwe vasungwa akayeuka kuti mudonzvo anokosha akamira corridors ari insulator kujeri, vanonzi Breeders. Ivo akatunhidzwa vasungwa pamusoro corridors siyana kuti havana zvakasangana.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

Kuvharirwa nzvimbo uye mumajeri muMoscow, somunhu mutemo, dzakavakwa rokupedzisira remakore. "Lefortovo" - hapana anosara. Zvinonzi izvi kuvharirwa centre iri yakafukidzwa ngano zhinji, ngano uye nyaya dzinonakidza.

Somuenzaniso, mune pakuvaka insulator muna 1881, St. Nicholas Church rakavakwa pamusoro pamukova. It dzichengeterwe chete duku dumba umo vasungwa vakanga vachinyengetera. Muchiitiko chino, zvose chakarongwa nenzira kuti pakati pavo vasungwa kugona kukurukura.

Munguva Soviet, kereke nzvimbo yaiva kushumira senzvimbo zvikuru kurwadziswa uye nokuurayiwa kwevanhu.

Chimwe dzinonakidza Chokwadi ndechokuti pachiitwa mamita ari yevasungwa centre iri kwete muchivanze uye padenga. In zvachose mune 15 muzvivanze izvi vanofamba navo akanyudzwa ngaadudzire: kutanga kufamba kunotanga kare 8:00 am.

chinokosha kuzvikudza

Oddly zvakakwana, asi yaiva yevasungwa chivako № 2 ndiye muridzi remabhuku uye pakukura mumaraibhurari mujeri. Akatanga kuunganidza mukuvamba kwezana remakore rechi19, uye nhasi chinosanganisira mabhuku anopfuura mamiriyoni 2 akasiyana. Somuenzaniso, pakati pavo mupenyu shanduro Pushkin uye Leskov muunganidzwa kwakakwana nemabasa kuti 1897.

Asi nyaya uye mabhuku chokuita nhoroondo insulator, kwete mutirongo muraibhurari. Sei asina navo pose pose. Historical kurondedzerwa mujeri ichi dzisingaitwi nezvikonzero zvinoverengeka: Chokutanga, asi "Lefortovo" Kunyange munguva eSoviet akanga kushanda kuvharirwa nzvimbo uye mumajeri. Uye chechipiri, anogara pasi pokutonga masangano akadaro havabvumirwi buritsa chero ruzivo pamusoro chinhu ichi.

The tirongo Viktor Makov, izvo chaizvo munhoroondo insulator, akawana kuti vamwe nhau essays pamusoro "Lefortovo" of FSB vari miziyamu. Zvisinei, kuiwana kurambidzwa zvikuru.

Achiratidza

Rwokutsvakurudza Moscow insulators vari kunyanya kugumbuka nzvimbo. Zvisinei, ndiwo "Lefortovo" zvichida kupfuura yakaoma uye pachivande. Izvi imhaka yokuti mukati mamasvingo ayo aive honzeri zvikuru kwemhosva uye resonance. Kazhinji masvingo insulator anogona kuonekwa kamwe mukuru uye simba vanhu.

Inozivikanwa "Lefortovo" uye nhoroondo yaro; akavaka anenge 130 apfuura, imwe insulator nguva dzose havana kurega basa ravo, kunyange zuva rimwe. Kunonyanya kukonzerwa kuti agara chinangwa chimwe, kushanda hapana nhoroondo essays uye nyaya nezvake.

"Lefortovo" (kana kuvharirwa Zvivako № 2) iri pakati peguta uye riri Moscow, Lefortovskiy mugodhi 5.