Moscow: hunhu. Kusiyana-siyana, zvimwe zvinhu uye zvinokwezva

The Moscow nharaunda iri mu nechepakati East European Valley. Uye pakati ndiye Moscow, uye hunhu izvo kwakakonzerwa zvikurukuru ayo nzvimbo uye kwete zvakawanda zvakasiyana kubva hunhu noruwa uye rose nedunhu.

Geographical nharaunda

Kuchamhembe guru Russian iri swamped Yokumusoro Volga nebani uye rwezasi nhema makomo ari Smolensk-Moscow Upland. Munharaunda pane munyanza zhinji uye nenzizi, izvo zvinobva kunyanya Klin-Dmitrov Ridge (North-dzokumadokero chikamu Smolensk-Moscow Upland), ndiro Watershed, uye runoyerera kana kupinda Volga, kana mu Oka. The Moskva-Oka pabani pamwe nhengo yake Teplostanskoy Upland inoremekedzwa kumusoro-kumadokero Moscow nharaunda. On chikomo ichi ndicho yakakwirira (253 metres), izvo Anozvirumbidza zvakananga Moscow pacharo. Nature dzakapoteredza guta vakatsunga uye marshy neyamapani Mescherskaya, incoming kubva kumabvazuva kusvikira achikanganisa kuumbwa Klyazma uye Moskva rwizi. Zaokskaya bani anovhara nzvimbo kubva kumaodzanyemba.

Mupendero nzizi, madziva, masango ...

Plain pamapani, zvikomo, nzizi, izvo munharaunda pane zvidimbu anenge 2000, izvi zvose anosarudza kuvapo imwe ekunze, kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka kuti munguva Moscow nharaunda uye Moscow pacharo. Hunhu guru uye ayo yakapoteredza, yakanaka zvikuru, kunyange zvazvo basa anthropogenic zvazvinoita (zvachose chero mhando yebasa evanhu pachinhu zvakasikwa). Relict pemiouki uye masango coniferous nekufukidza 40% of nzvimbo yose, nepo mune noruwa mumasango akafukidza 42% (2168 ha) nharaunda. Meadows, minda, chinyararire inoyerera nzizi, bogs (dzinofambiswa chete kunayisa) uye akadzivirira hova - saka sokunge hunhu muMoscow uye nedunhu.

dondo

Kuti aponese zvose kubwinya zvakasikwa, munhu, kutaura zvazviri, muvengi inokosha, kuedza kuita yangu yakanakisisa. Zvinoita akadzivirira upfumi, akadai "Zavidovo", kana National Parks yakadai "Stony Island", izvo zvinosanganisira Terraced Oka Biosphere Reserve. In Mafuro, vakawanda vari yechipiri masango, akura pamusoro yepaIndaneti kutema uye minda. Vakasiyana zvikuru masango ari nyore mune marongerwo uye netsvina makuru Birch uye Aspen. MuMoscow pacharo, zvakare, 40% muguta wakafukidzwa masango, ramakagadzwa 21% vari inogarwa nemipaini masango (Serebryany Bor, musi ane ndima pane nemipaini miti makore kusvika makore 170). masango spruce, ndizvo chaizvo nehanya kusvibiswa, yakaramba duku chaizvo - 2 chete%. On Losiny Ostrov kuchine zviitiko zera kusvika makore 130. Moscow Deciduous masango rakabudiswa mhando sezvinotevera: - 10% yemiouki (Izmailovskiy Park), Basswood -18% Birch anopindura 39 nzvimbo%, Aspen - 4%.

Mhando akadyara Masango muMoscow uye nharaunda

Kunyanya hunhu Moscow nokuti iye, kufanana navamwe nharaunda, riri pasuo confluence yomudondo-inowanzorimwa uye dondo zvikamu. Kureva, nharaunda iri girini chaizvo. North uye kumadokero kwenzvimbo yaigarwa nevanhu nepakati-spruce uye mupaini masango. Meshcherskaya nokumapani inonakidza chikamu mabvazuva nharaunda rakafukidza nemipaini taiga kuko uye marshy nokumapani vari alder miti. Center of nharaunda uye zviri mairi Moscow, hunhu chiri akapfuma kumaodzanyemba taiga coniferous-Deciduous masango, akazara nemisipiresi uye Pin, birches uye aspens, uye nekutonga ari makwenzi ane Hazel. Kurutivi rwezasi - muumambo rwakafara-leaved pomuouki, kuwedzera izvo pane Holly uye Maple, uye elm uye Linden. Uye munzvimbo yezwi wenharaunda (kubva inowanzorimwa kusvika inowanzorimwa) pamusoro Moscow-Oka chikomo achiri kuwanikwa tichidyara spruce Somuenzaniso, muna repamusoro Lopasnya River. Asi pedyo kumaodzanyemba vari kuwedzera mhiri masango, inowanzorimwa-kufanana mitema zvitsuwa pakati mumapani, pamuouki mumasango, dota uye mumeporo miti. The yokunyanyisa kumaodzanyemba kwenzvimbo chakafukidzwa masango inowanzorimwa, iyo inenge zvachose kumborimwa uye kwete rachengetedzwa zvayo yepakutanga chimiro, kunyange Chidimbu.

kurangwa zvikanganiso

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti munguva yedu chinoshingaira reforestation. Uye inoratidza munhu kuna zvakasikwa, kurega chete nevatengi mafungiro. On Shaturskie Lukhovitsky uye anezvimiti iri kumabvazuva nharaunda, kuramba vakatanga kusangana vatsva pakati chizvarwa zvirimwa.

Beauty haazorambi kuuraya

The mabasa evanhu-dzataurwa pamusoro apa anosanganisira urbanization yendima, kuunganidza vakawanda yevagari Kuwanikwa uye kunopfuurira kuvaka migwagwa uye njanji, hydrography kuchinja nzvimbo (rwizi alterations, kwaita reservoirs itsva, etc.), mumwe vasingaverengeki nhamba outbuildings, zvose kuti kuti zvinofanira pamwe guru pakukura, guta guru guru wehurumende. Asi, hunhu muMoscow uye Moscow nharaunda akanyengedzwa kamwe Yuriya Dolgorukogo, uye mazuva ano zvakanaka zvikuru uye zvakasiyana-siyana.

Zvakawanda fauna of

Pasinei dzinoparadza matanho kwevanhu, kwakasara, kana vaiva vamiririri vazhinji mhuka nyika. Mukati yakapoteredza Moscow uye kurarama 60-70 mhando mhuka. Kunze kwavari, Vakawana zvinokambaira (6), amphibians (7), hove (40). Uye vangani shiri pano! Pakati 120 rudzi vanogara aro, 29 kupinda munzvimbo nechepakati nzvimbo guta. Uye munharaunda, pane mhando pamusoro 200 vanogara pano zvachose kana pane shiri span. Tupukanana vari zvakare mukuru mari - 135 mhando kungozvifunga, 300 (chimwe-chegumi nyuchi) mhando nyuchi. (8) Uyezve, pane zvinowanikwa mhashu, mhashu (23), pasi zvipembenene, notupukanana, mukonikoni, masvosve, nhunzi akauya pamwe chete 50th marudzi. 9 Zvino vakapinda Red Book - 4 mhando neapo, uye 5 mhando masvosve. The wakachena mvura muMoscow inoti pane vanhu vakawanda nenjiva dzakasiyana nzvimbo nharaunda. The Red Book vakanyoresa mhando gumi dzemhuka kurarama mukati Moscow nharaunda.

Wildlife kusiyana Moscow

Taiga mhando dzemhuka dziri zvakajairika chaizvo kusango, vakaisawo tsuro uye zvinobhururuka squirrels. Rakajairika shiri dziri Grouse, capercaillie, bullfinch, uyewo the willow Tit, crossbill-Elovikov, uye Redwing blackbird-ryabinovik. Kusiyana zvakasikwa muMoscow chinomiririrwa mhando mhuka huru inowanikwa Deciduous mumasango, nemhara nemhembwe uye mhuka musii kwakadaro, makwapa nondo uye nemipaini the marten, mink uye polecat. In pedyo napedyo kuguta guru kurarama Sony uye tawny zizi. Nei mhando aya anotaurwa pachinhu kwete chete nharaunda, asi Moscow pachayo? Nekuti mumwe wokutanga mumapaki nenyika Russia - "Stony" chitsuwa ", apo vanenge zvose mhuka idzi kurarama, riri pamusoro munharaunda of Moscow, mumamiriro guta.

chizvarwa hunhu

A unozvidzora Continental okunze Moscow chokwadi, kuchinja kubva manyoro inopinza Continental European Asian. Muchidimbu, okunze of Moscow vakasununguka chaizvo - muchando hwakanyatsorwisa nounyoro uye nekaupenyu nyorovera yechirimo. Yaakakudza zhinji Zvizvarwa Classics Russian, chizvarwa hwaiitwa Moscow pedyo uye waaida ose Russian, kwete chete nokuti rudo kwaari anouya munhu aine mukaka waamai, asiwo nokuti zvechokwadi zvinoshamisa zvakanaka. Zvaringana kuona retrospective emifananidzo nokuda vemifananidzo Russian pamwe nevakawanda kuwanikwa rekuona kuti izvi hazvisi mashoko asina maturo. Mhuri uye sokuti polenovskie "Moscow Yard" uye "Ambuya vake Garden", anofarira Pimenovsky "New Moscow", asi mwoyo wangu wapedzwa kubva mazana emifananidzo zvemunzvimbo vemifananidzo, unoratidza hunhu hwavo yechizvarigo. Moscow - guta chizvarwa Russian, riri mumwoyo European chikamu Russia, uye saka hunhu Moscow anomiririra Russia, kunyange zvazvo mamiriro eumambo nyika imwe zvimwe chikamu kuratidza chakaoma.

Natural zvinokwezva muMoscow

MuMoscow uye Moscow nharaunda yakawanda dzinongoitika zvinokwezva. Izvi zvinosanganisira, pakutanga, "Serebryany Bor" uye "Stony Island". asi "Black Lake" uye "Botanical Garden Vilar" rinogona kunzi kubva anoyevedza pasi. Interesting zvinhu ndivo "mupata Kuberekwa mu Mitino Creek" uye "zvikomo Natural Reserve Krylatskiye." Uyewo "Biruliovsky Arboretum" uye "Big Vostryukovsky dziva" uye gumi nevaviri dzinongoitika zvinokwezva, kushanyira iyo unogona kuwana mamwe pfungwa yezvakaita muMoscow uye Moscow nharaunda.