Mhando wetlands vavo unhu

Nyaya iyi ichakurukurwa chimwe chezvinhu zvakafanana dzinongoitika idzodzo, inova rangano rehumidified pasi pemvura pamwe paiva peat uye rakasiyana unhu chete nokuda nzvimbo miriwo siyana dzakashandisa mamiriro ezvinhu okisijeni kushaikwa, inoyerera mvura simba uye zvakawandisa unyoro.

Pane zvichakurukurwa rakasiyana-siyana wetlands vane maitiro avo mashoma.

Vhuṱanzi

Pane 3 chikuru zviri wetlands:

• Redundancy uye mira mvura.
• Kuvapo imwe, tsika nokuda wetlands zvinomera.
• Peat inotungamirwa rikurumidze.

Wetlands unonyanyozivikanwa akataura munharaunda apo chirimwa midzi haagoni kusvika chicherwa ivhu.

inotungamirwa

Usati munoziva, chii vari mhando chikuru wetlands, kuti uone sei vari aumba.

Nokuti paumbwe zvikamu zvakadai redundancy zvakakodzera kuchengeta mwando muvhu uye pamusoro pechiso kwayo, uye simba mvura Exchange (mu t. H., uye pasi). Uyewo, kushaya okisijeni kukonzerwa zvakawandisa mwando kunokutadzisa tinopinda mhepo muvhu, maererano nako kune kukwana kuwedzera (kana oxidation) vakasara kufa zvinomera uye peat aumbwa. Last - pavhu substrate rurefu mvura kugutsikana. Iye akanyora zvachose kuti yaora zvinomera. Ichazivikanwa peat kunosiyana madhigirii manyowa. Somuenzaniso, manyowa dhigirii 70% zvinoreva kuti 70 muzana yaora zvinomera akafa, uye 30 - kwete. Izvi mhando substrate wakanaka mumvura-kunhaka vanokwanisa, saka hapana chaizvo mukuru mvura kugutsikana (anenge 97% zvachose vhoriyamu).

Mhando wetlands vavo unhu

By zvokudya ezvinhu uye nezvimiro kusiyanisa fen (zvakasiyana eutrophic), Transitional (mesotrophic) uye Chigaro (oligotrophic) azvaitwa kuva concave, flat uye convex pamusoro zvitarisiko.

Under nebani (eutrophic) rinoreva anezvimiti iri dzegirini pamwe hydrated penyika uye pasi mvura ivhu, akapfuma chicherwa munyu. Vakatasva advantageously zvokudya kunayisa kubva mumhepo, zvisina akafuma kwazvo chicherwa munyu. Marshes vari kupfuura zvenguva boka.

Uswa, akapararira munharaunda, kusiyanisa dondo, uswa, shrub uye mhando chikwindi pamusoro wetlands. Maererano microrelief - nemumakomo, flat, convex. Marsh - Ndivo wetlands marshes.

Russian doro

Types anezvimiti Russian funga pazasi. Asi - zvavo ruzivo.

Area marshes mu Russia iri vanenge mamiriyoni 1,4 tsoka dzakaenzana. ? km (anenge 10% munyika pamusoro). Maererano ine vanofungidzira vari pfungwa kumativi 3000 cubic metres. that m kunofambira mberi dzinongoitika mvura reserves.

Swamp - zviri zvikuru kunzwisisa dzinongoitika hurongwa. Inoitwa interconnected biotopes, ayo kuburikidza simba wetting inozivikanwa, kuvapo rudzi mvura-rudo zvirimwa uye kuunganidza siyana Organic residues sezvo silt kana peat. In ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana Russian okunze, kwakaita nzvimbo yacho, uye zvichienderana dambudziko matombo kuva mhando dzakasiyana-siyana anezvimiti, mumwe nomumwe aine akasiyana maitiro peat deposits, dyisa mvura mamiriro wopedza zvachiri zvinomera.

Marudzi anotevera simba nerubatsiro Russia marshes: neyamapani, Upland uye Transitional.

Hunhu simba

Mukutonga maitiro ezvinhu simba inomirira ano pamusoro anezvimiti uye kuvapo chapamusoro pamusoro substrate, sezvamakaropafadzwa midzi miti iri. Nokuti mumwe mhando wetlands chete pamusoro vanomirirwa dzavo matsime simba.

Zvakawandisa mwando chikuru chepfungwa chero marshes. Chinokonzera panowanikwa mifananidzo chaiyo mhuka uye zvinomera, uyewo chaiwo ezvinhu chairwo humification kuti unozvidzora okunze yemanyorero kutungamirira kukwana disintegration zvinomera residues uye paumbwe peat.

The nenzvimbo kuparadzirwa wetlands muRussia

anezvimiti Russian dzakakurumbira zvinenge zvose dzakadaro, asi kunyanya abudise, wakanyanya nyoro dzegirini. Unorema vavo pfungwa nechepakati munzvimbo uye kuchamhembe-kumadokero West Siberian Plain.

wetlands Most mu Russia - achinaya mvura uye taiga wongoramba. wetlands mhando vari akasiyana-siyana. Waterlogging mune dzimwe nzvimbo achinaya mvura ndiyo 50%. Munzvimbo taiga nekutsvaga vanenge 80% of peat bogs. Muchikamu European chikamu Russia wetlands vakawanda Vologda, Leningrad Oblast uye Republic of yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia (vanenge 40%).

Taiga kuWestern kweSiberia swamped kusvika 70 muzana. Zvakasiyana-siyana marshes uye Far East, kunyanya munyika Amur mudunhu.

Kuparadzirwa wetlands ne mhando

Mhando wetlands Russian inoona nezvenjodzi anoparadzirwa vanoiswa. Horse yaigarwa hafu yose Wetland nzvimbo, uye ivo vakawanda vari kuchamhembe kunzvimbo. Neyamapani idukusa hafu (40%) kubva munzvimbo marshes zvose. nzvimbo vashomashoma inogarwa anezvimiti Kuchinja (10%).

Pamumvuri wetsanga napamurove, unorema yakakodzwa rwizi kana pasi, uye zvaitika kunyanya dzisinganayi munzvimbo. Uye kuti - pamipata deltas dzenzizi makuru. Upland anezvimiti ainyanya chikafu kwemvura, uye kazhinji zvinowanika taiga uye achinaya mvura munyika dzine pamusoro Eurasia. Huru Chikamu (84%) kubva peaty nzvimbo iri mune Asian chikamu Russia.

Uye chii rikunde doro mhando muna North? Pamumvuri wetsanga napamurove nokumavirira Siberia inogarwa 42%. Vakawanda munyika peaty (anenge 73%) rinongoitwa munzvimbo kwenharaunda pamwe permafrost.

zvinomera pabutiro

In Pamumvuri wetsanga napamurove hunodzorwa anotevera zvinomera: chena Birch, alder, the willow, nemipaini uye spruce. Herb rinonyanya kuwanikwa sedges uye zviyo - cane uye tsanga. Kubva mosses kazhinji kukura mitema mosses.

For Transitional bogs vanoonekwa ne Birch uye mupaini (kuSiberia - Dahurian uye Siberian larch, misidhari) uye the willow (zvishoma zvishoma kupfuura Pamumvuri wetsanga napamurove). Herb kwakazara uswa kwakafanana ari Pamumvuri wetsanga napamurove, asi kwete nenzira yakawanda. Kakawanda unogona kusangana Alpine trichophorum, nerutsanga, petsanga uye butylchatuyu sherstistoplodnuyu. It anosangana uye zvinomera hunhu bogs.

Akatasva gura pane nemipaini (Siberian emisidhari hwakakanyiwa naro) uye Dahurian larch. Bush haasi pano pane zvose, asi kwakapararira munzvimbo idzi boka Heather: Cassandra, Heather, Rosemary, blueberries uye cranberries. Pane ari Anotsiva kukura Birch pfupi uye Crowberry (crowberry). Common munzvimbo dzakadaro uye chimwe musoro donje uswa (miriwo), hombe tussock-pevhu. kazhinji Unogona kuwana uye cloudberries pamwe sundew. Mosses vanomirirwa pano chete sphagnum.

Saka, hunhu peat uye uswa Zvinogonekawo kutonga kuti (sezvaratidzwa pamusoro apa), chii mhando wetlands.

In mhedziso, pamusoro zvezvakatipoteredza

Mumakore achangopfuura, vakawanda pane kunaka kuitika chokuita kunyanyisa, kuparadza vanoparadza wetlands. Chokutanga kusvibiswa ichi, kunyanya mvura yaunodya kubva muvhu uye vanobudisa kugadzirwa peat. Uyewo, basa rinokosha yakanga reDare zvikasabudiswa uye kurima, kutyorwa hydrology hurumende kuvakwa nemigwagwa, mafuta uye gasi mapaipi nezvimwe zvivako.

Abudise kuti wetlands kazhinji kunotungamirira kune imwe peat moto, nyika kudzikisirana uye kurasikirwa siyana yomuzvarirwo pose. basa All kunofanira kuitwa nokungwarira, pamwe kwairayirwa kuchengetedza vakawanda wetlands. Iva nechokwadi kuti kutevera mitemo richengetedzwe zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza mwero zvakasikwa.