Methyl doro

Methyl doro (kana methanol) ndiye Hauoneki zvokunwa. Zviri nyore miscible nemvura uye zvokufembedzwa siyana ane makemikari hwaro. Kunaka uye kunhuwa methyl doro (CH3OH payakavakirwa) ane anenge mutsauko kubva ethyl, asi zviri chepfu uye zvinogona kukonzera chakakomba chepfu. Methanol ane pasi Kubika pfungwa. Zviri 64,5 Celsius. Kana kutsva ichi acho ane rebhuruu rakachenuruka Ruvara womoto uye hapana anosvuta mabhokisi.

Under dzinongoitika ezvinhu, hazvibviri kuwana methanol murusununguko chimiro. Zvakasikwa, mune chete methyl doro nomukaka, izvo Ester anonhuwirira uye zvinhu. Vane ubiquitous. Anthranilic iine acid methyl Ester zvirimowo mumafuta Jasmine uye salicylic - mumafuta wintergreen. Dérivés kuti methanol yakawanikwa alkaloids, dzinongoitika madhayi, etc.

Kare kuwana methanol yakabereka panguva yakaoma DISTILLATION kwacho, namatanda mbishi zvinhu. Modern maindasitiri vagadziri kushandisa chakaita zvokugadzirwa nzira.

Methyl doro rinoshandiswa nevakawanda senzira solvent kuti pendi uye varnishes. Rinoshandiswa senzira kutanga nhengo kubereka formaldehyde, dimethyl sulfate, methyl chloride, uye dzimwe yeimwe anobudiswa nemakemikari nzira. Uyewo, zviri mumwe antifreeze zvinoriumba uye rinoshandiswa kuti denaturing ethyl doro.

Methanol ane chepfu, hunoreva vascular uye huta nehurongwa. The toxicity of nenhumbi nokuda kwayo oxidation kana anwa uye mudzoke kuti upenyu pangozi formaldehyde.

Methyl doro chepfu zvinogona kuitika mushure mekugamuchira mashanu gumi milliliters kunokonzera upofu muvanhu. A dose kwazvo matatu magiramu, kazhinji mhaka rufu, kunoitika pamusoro dzongonyedzo ari kufema ezvinhu, zvemapapu edema kana pfungwa uye uremia kana kuparara. Zviratidzo munyoro methanol chepfu kuonekwe:

• nomusoro;
• mukuru zvakawanda zvive;
• simba;
• svoto;
• chills;
• kurutsa.

Saka, utano pangozi kuti hazvisi chete methyl doro yakaisvonaka chimiro, asiwo musanganiswa umo methanol kugutsikana ishoma. Kutambirwa ane chepfu fuma mumuviri zvinogona kutora nzvimbo kwete chete kuburikidza zvomudumbu hurongwa. doro vaviri zvinopfuura mumapapu. Methanol mu zviduku mari anokwanisa kupinda mumuviri uye kuburikidza ganda.

Methyl doro mune dzimwe nyika rinoshandiswa senzira denaturant kuti panyaya iyi maatomu akafanana. The zvichiguma maitiro kemikari iri chezvinonhuwira zvinodhaka anogadzirwa pefiyumu indasitiri. mitemo Russian unorambidza kushandiswa methanol mune mishonga dzaizopiwa vakawanda rinodyiwa.

Methyl doro iri kushandiswa kwayo sechinhu zvenguva nokuda synthesizing unorema kubva maindasitiri namakemikari indasitiri. On kwayo hwaro ari Polymers yakabereka, uye siyana Organic zvinhu. Methanol rinoshandiswa nevakawanda okutenderera achigadzirira mamwe kwemishonga yezvipembenene.

Methyl doro iri mbishi zvinhu hwokubereka methylamine, pentaerythritol, uye hexamine. kushandiswa kwaro kweShanduro polyvinylchloride, Ion Exchange uye urea Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti, uyewo kugadzirwa kwezvinhu Photographic firimu. Pasina methanol haigoni vakavhiyiwa amoniya miti. Methyl doro iri zvinowanzoshandiswa neindasitiri inogadzira mishonga iri kugadzirwa mishonga. mvura iyi inogona kushandiswa sezvo huni simba miti, kuti amirire peturu nemotokari. Pasina methanol hauna yakabereka acetic asidhi uye chakaita zvokugadzirwa rabha. fuma iri anowana chikumbiro aro bhizimisi uye mafuta uye gasi dzakaoma zvinhu.