Muchitokisi kutenderera, kutapata, sero hamvuropu

Kuvapo sero nguva nguva kubva musi wayo inotungamirwa na kupatsanura mai muchitokisi yayo weboka kana rufu anonzi rokuti "musero kutenderera". In yayo siyana siyana muchitokisi refu. Somuenzaniso, basal uye hematopoietic masero ari ura duku uye Epiderme e vanokwanisa kupinda sero kutenderera pashure ose maawa 12-16, vanokurumidza kuwanda mu zvinenge akura. Pfupi zvinogara masero upenyu wokupedzisira nemaminitsi 30, ivo munguva nokukurumidza Kupwanywa mazai kubva amphibians, echinoderms uye dzimwe mhuka. A dzakawanda rudzi muchitokisi mutsika experimental ezvinhu, sero kutenderera ane pfupi nguva kwemaminitsi anenge 20. Pamusangano koshesa mari vachishingaira kupatsanura masero nguva nguva pakati mitoses kunobva 10 kusvika 24 maawa.

Maitikiro uye nguva muchitokisi kutenderera. Cell kutenderera mhuka uye zvinomera inoumbwa zviviri kwenguva: interphase (nguva mapuroteni usage uye DNA) uye mitosis (sero nokupesana kutenderera). Interphase inosanganisira akawanda mwedzi:

1. G1-danho - nguva kukura, panguva iyo kwetunhu mapuroteni, RNA nezvimwe muchitokisi vomumatunhu.

2. S-danho - mu penguva iyi kunoitika interphase chikamu usage ane morekuru reDNA muchitokisi nuclei uye doubling pakati intracellular organelles (centrioles);

3. G2-danho - imwe nguva apo pane kugadzirira mitosis.

In masero kuti hamucharambi kugovera, G1-danho kungava ndisipo, iyi, vari zororo danho (G0).

Pfungwa muchitokisi weboka (mitosis) ane muzvikamu zviviri:

1. weboka sero musimboti - mitosis.

2. weboka sero cytoplasm - cytokinesis.

Regulation foni basa. Change foni kutenderera nguva kunoitika apo kuwirirana mapuroteni - cyclins uye cyclin-nemataundi kinases. Masero ari G0 danho vanokwanisa kupinda imwe loop pasi pokudzora kukura siyana zvinokonzera. Epidermal, uye platelet-hwokurara zvikonzero zviri tsinga kukura chinhu, vari kugara kusakarongeka pamwe receptors nemhepo intracellular zvichikurukura hurongwa inotungamirira kuti transcription kuti Gene mapurotini. Panguva kinases angava kushingaira chete kubata pamwe zvakananga cyclins, zviri iyo dzichichinja rose zvakapera.

Nokuvhiringidzirwa kunowanzoitika mitemo muchitokisi kutenderera inotisvitsa paumbwe anomera chikukutu. Nokuti nokuumbwa nyanyisa anomera ari p53 mapuroteni ane basa; kunomutsa mapuroteni kwetunhu p21, izvo zvinozoita kuchititadzisa ari CDK cyclin yakaoma, izvo vanotozvikuvadza kunotungamirira nechitokisi kutenderera asungwa ari G1 uye G2 kutotanga. The muchitokisi tagovera DNA haasviki S. Munguva chehupenyu kunotouraya inoenda kurasikirwa kana shandurudzo pamusoro puroteni p53 Gene hakuitiki uye sero kutenderera blockade kupinda mitosis, achipa pave nemasero mutant, zvimwe zviri vakauraya, uye chimwe chikamu inotisvitsa paumbwe nyanyisa anomera.

Cell-yairevererwa kutapata. Maitiro rokuzvidzivirira chero vakurukurirane, akadana zvirwere mhinduro umo antibodies havasi zvaisanganisira uye kunzwisisa akagadzirwa mapuroteni aripo muropa (mukwanisi hurongwa), vakatumidzwa rokuti "cellular kutapata". Zvinonzi kunanga pamusoro tusingaoneki vasara munyika phagocytes uye pamusoro tusingaoneki kuti kukanganisa vamwe masero. Zvikurukuru zviri inobudirira pamusoro nemavhairasi, notumwe tupukanana majemusi, mabhakitiriya, uye bundu masero. cellular rokuzvidzivirira zvikuru kukosha tishu kurambwa.

Muchitokisi rusvingo. The vanachandagwinyira Sero wall, akaisa kunze cytoplasmic Kamudzira kuti anoita yakachengeteka, STRUCTURAL uye yokufambisa mashandiro - ndiro sero membrane. Asi anonzi foni rusvingo, zviri aripo dzakawanda utachiona, notumwe tupukanana zvinomera uye archaea. Kana mhuka, uye vazhinji nyore, vasina foni rusvingo.