Mesoeconomics - nayo ... What inodzidza mesoeconomics

In upfumi tsanangudzo, pane izwi "mesoeconomics" riri nevakawanda zvikuru kwete chete mumabhuku zvesainzi, asiwo pfungwa dzinoshanda zvakanaka. Zvinorevei? Sei nemazvo nayo zvichishandurwa maererano akapoteredza? The papi ichi izwi inobatanidzwa nesayenzi?

zvichireva

Kududzira rokuti mune mubvunzo, vashoma. Chii pakutanga? Mesoeconomics - nayo (kana kutevera yokungotaura pfungwa, chakajairika Russian nyanzvi vemunharaunda) ane zviratidzo hwepedyo pamutemo uye mune zvimwe zviitiko, akaisawo miganhu kusangana zvoupfumi masangano, kwakakonzerwa kuchitendero svikiro nemabhizimisi makuru. Set of yemakambani ari mubvunzo, kunosanganisira kunyanya zvakajairika pfuma uye zvinhu.

Shoko rechiGiriki rokuti "mezos" rinoreva "zvenguva." Zvinofanira kunzwisiswa se - zvakasimba vakaumba sungano rinogona kurondedzerwa se akagara "pakati" nzvimbo pakati siyana madiki uye national upfumi wenyika chete. Kureva "mezokompaniya", kune rumwe rutivi, yakafara kuonekwa duku kana svikiro kadikidiki bhizimisi, Ukuwo - ayo chikero ichiri kwete yakakura zvakakwana kuenzanisa pamwe GDP pamusoro mamiriro umo riri.

Scientific chirango?

Pane mumwe kududzirwa rokuti. Mesoeconomics - kurangwa nesayenzi. Hazvina chinokosha upfumi dzidziso. Mesoeconomics inodzidza basa emakambani nenhanho munhu maindasitiri. Somuenzaniso, kutengeserana, kudzivirira maindasitiri, IT-zvemichina nezvimwewo .. Mupfungwa iyi, "meso" zvinoreva chinhu pakati makro uye micro. Kureva vaya anoranga kuti kuongorora mabasa nomumwe makambani kana National upfumi hwose.

Zvechokwadi, mune dzimwe kuti mesoeconomics zvidzidzo, uye avo yemakambani vari pedyo nenzvimbo ino mukati yechinangwa chete zita inozivikanwa, unogona kuonekwa chete chechinyorwa. Zvose zvinoenderana sechivako zvikuru kudzidza. Somuenzaniso, kana iri kudzidzwa Somuenzaniso, upfumi nechepakati nzvimbo yeguta iri muenzaniso mubatanidzwa yemakambani, achitungamirira mumabasa ari chete indasitiri.

Mune dzimwe ndima, rokuti "mesoeconomics" rinoshandiswa kureva nyaya kutsvakurudza zvoupfumi, kana totaura pezvakaitwa bhizimisi mwero wacho nharaunda - pamwe yakakodzera yeUnited nemamiriro hurumende, zvakadai kuRussia kana US. Kureva "meso" iri nyaya - chiri chinhu pakati upfumi guta uye National zvoupfumi.

sei mesoeconomics?

Kana isu kutaura kududzirwa rokuti wokutanga, zvino nguva yakareba sei zviripo? Maererano nenyanzvi dzakawanda, mesoeconomics - mugumisiro kukura kwomuzvarirwo pezvakaitwa chokuita kwemaindasitiri hwenyika, izvo zviri kunyanya zvikuru vakanga vakachengeta pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20. Zvadaro, maererano kuvandudzika michina, akatanga kuwedzera wevasungwa simba, kubereka zvinhu.

Wevasungwa okuwana

Somugumisiro, mukuru-kuita miti dzakavakwa pamusoro dzine zviduku. Namagariro vakatanga kutendeuka kuve maindasitiri muzinda. Upfumi reguta ikozvino kukwanisa kushanda pamusana emakambani iri chete. Nenzvimbo simbi Kugadzirwa raizoitwa dzakadaro kuti aparadzane vatora mapoka nekambani turnover vakatanga kusapfuudza zvemari vamwe nyika.

Chii asati mesoeconomics? Vakaongorora kazhinji dana iyi inoratidza zviri "micro" - zvakatipoteredza kudyidzana iri zviduku, yakazvimirira nezvinobvamo - mafekitari, private mafekitari. Vaikwanisa kuvakirwa Somuenzaniso, upfumi musha, asi kwete guru guta - zvakakwanisika kamwe paiva chinhu chakadai mesoeconomics.

Features mesoeconomics

The chikuru chinoratidza mesoeconomics nyanzvi inonzi centralization. Zvinogona kuitika mu dzakasiyana miviri - the chinjikira uye tote. Muchiitiko chokutanga, kuti zvikabatanidzwa makambani kubudisa imwe mhando chigadzirwa (kana boka chigadzirwa), ari wechipiri - yabatanidza makambani mukati raora-siyana kugadzirwa nzendo. Zvinogonekawo vakavhengana musiyano. Zvino iyi tichakurukura pamusoro diagonal pakati centralization, papi izvo panguva iyi inogona kuva zvinoorora chaizvo, uyewo kusiyana pamusoro umo mabhizimisi unoshanda. Kutaura zvazviri, zvingava zvinoumba yemunyika, upfumi duku chete multi-chivako sezvo yenyika.

simba mesoeconomics

The chidzoke mesoeconomics akava chinhu pa- kuchinja nzira pamusika ukama. Takatanga aumbe sectoral mezosistemy kuti nhengo yemakambani mukati chete nemauto hwenyika. Somuenzaniso, mubhengi kana maindasitiri. Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinofunga kuti mesoeconomics - ndiye aitungamirira chimiro panguva kusakarongeka pakati emakambani, kwete kutanga cho kwezana remakore rechi20.

Sechivako mezopredpriyaty ano

How kuronga urongwa kukurukurirana makambani yabatanidza mukati meso-upfumi gadziriro nhasi? Kazhinji, ive umo mune mhando mbiri guta - chaivo uye dzokufungidzira. Chokutanga - ndiro chairo (semuenzaniso, pachiyero) ari yesangano raJehovha yemakambani, wechipiri - kuchengetedzeka (akadai kutenderera vakasununguka musika mutemo). Muzviitiko zvakawanda, mesoeconomics - ezvinhu umo yabatanidza zvikuru nemakambani kushanda nehurumende (iyi, vari kutungamirira bhizimisi umo yemakambani aya anoshanda). It saka chinoitika kuti mabhizimisi dzakadaro quantitative mashoko zvishoma, asi ivo zvinoomerera chikuru chikamu guru pamisika National yose.

Pane zviitiko apo akasimba yaingoda chinzvimbo chake, kuisa suiting mitengo yavo. Asi kana iri zhinji inoti yakatanga nenhanho kuMudzidzisi antitrust mitemo zvigadziriswe. Naizvozvo, nyanzvi dzakawanda dzemazuva ano kuti mesoeconomics - kutanga kuti inobatsira kubva nemaonero okukura zvoupfumi enyika nyika nenyika. Chokutanga, mune mazwi evanhu ushande. Asi kwete chete.

Kugadzikana - mu nenzvimbo

Imhandoi nezvinetso zvemari vanokwanisa kugadzirisa zvebhizimisi, dzikaumba mezosistemy? Companies uchishanda mukati masangano makuru sevanonyanya husingakwanisi nematambudziko. ivo kusika zvimwe mabasa, kubhadhara mitero. Mukuwedzera, kutsiga akabatanidza yemakambani zvinobatsira kuti chokwadi kuti akagadzirisa matambudziko akadai upfumi, akadai kutsiga National mari hurongwa: zvikuru simba mabhizimisi zvivako kutora mamwe kumabhanga uye kutsiga Pavanodzoka, pane Somuenzaniso, madiki.

Mesoeconomics mabhizimisi uye ukama

Chii chinoratidzwa hukama pakati basa, pova mesoeconomics? Kutanga, zviri kuda kupinda refu Kudyidzana zvibvumirano. Izvi zvinoita makambani kuti anorenda sei nokuchinja kumusika mamiriro, kukura kana kuwa muna mitengo iri kutengesa munda kana, Ukuwo, zvokushandisa. Nenzvimbo kuitwa munyika dzinoverengeka kacho zvakananga kukanganisa nemushonga uye kudiwa, uyewo pave misika itsva. Contractual sungiro kazhinji kutsigirwa refu azvipire basa. In zvinoitirwawo default kuburikidza rakasimba, maererano chibvumirano, icho vanosungirwa kubhadhara chikamu yesangano iri shamwari.

Mezopredpriyaty basa nokuti hurumende

Isu akati kambani, pova "mesostructure" anoita chinokosha basa nokuti hurumende - zvinopa mabasa vagari vanobhadhara mitero. Asi basa iri hakungoitwi mesoeconomics. Chimwe chinokosha mabasa - romugove pfuma hurumende kuti mufambiro dzakawanda zveupfumi uye zvematongerwo enyika. Scale mabhizimisi nenzvimbo anogona Chokwadi, kuva yakakura kupfuura upfumi reruwa kana guta. Sezvatakamboreva, kusarudza chaiyo kana akafanana kuti GDP wenyika chete.

Zvisinei, rupi pakati mesoeconomics - kazhinji chinhu ndinoiitawo guru munyika dzakawanda munhandare. Kunyanya kana tiri kutaura pamusoro chekambani mishoni uyu, nezvainoita pamisika vatorwa, muchiso kuzivikanwa nedzimwe nyika. Mesoeconomics vangava chiso mamiriro iri dzakawanda munhandare. Kunyanya kana ivo chinzvimbo pachavo sezvo kambani dzenyika, uye kwete dzakawanda.

Specificity mesoeconomics utariri

Chii Hurumende urongwa makambani kuti vanoumba mesoeconomics? Kazhinji, ndivo vaya vane imwe kutonga rokutambudzikira uye zvimwe zvinhu zviri yemakambani. The peculiarity pakati kushanda emakambani zvokuti basa mamiriro kazhinji chinhu chokuita varidzi sangano. The Director-General, muzviitiko zvakawanda - zvatinosiita nevarikichi mushandi asina mugove vaiva ne kana kuva vashoma. Izvi imhaka dzimwe nguva kune chokwadi kuti mamiriro anogona kuvapo mesoeconomics makambani vaimiririra sectors siyana hwenyika. panguva imwe chete kushandisa zvose muridzi wavo, kazhinji, kungova havazovi nguva. Uye nokuti kazhinji kukoka nezvenzvimbo pamusoro maneja unokubatira mushandi.

Mesoeconomics uye zvemari-maindasitiri mapoka

The nyore (kubva nemaonero ari pamutemo zvebhizimisi nenzvimbo zvigadziriswe) chimiro Sangano yemakambani - paruzhinji kwemajoini wemari kambani. Zvinoita, sezvo takati kumusoro, guta guru chaiyo inoshandiswa kusika okuwedzera kukosha, uyewo dzokufungidzira, izvo paakapiwa ne makambani. Ndezvipi kumwe sangano mesoeconomics?

Maererano nevaongorori vakawanda, chikuru implementations mesoeconomic kushamwaridzana mapoka zvemari-maindasitiri. zvivako aya muunganidzwa makambani anogona kuchinja kwete nomumwe sectors hwenyika, asi National (uye mune zvimwe zviitiko dzakawanda) zvoupfumi. Zvemari uye maindasitiri mapoka akagadzirirwa kuunza pamwe chete namapoka siyana mune zvokugadzira zvinhu zvinoumba, maererano guru nenzvimbo, utariri pfuma, kuwedzera nepamusika. Resources yemakambani zvakadaro zvakaita munzanga nerevane kunokoshawo chaizvo. Kazhinji, zvemari uye maindasitiri mapoka dzinokosha kwete chete nokuda misika Sub-National ari kutambudzwa vasina kuroora, asiwo dzakawanda munhandare.

Mugore zvemari-maindasitiri boka inowanzoratidza makambani vaimiririra sectors siyana hwenyika. Zvinogona kuva maindasitiri makambani, mabhengi, makambani inishuwarenzi, Retail ngetani, masangano tsvakurudzo, mune zvimwe zviitiko - taura zvivako.

Uridzi mamiriro mesoeconomics

Sei akavaka zvigadziriswe Pakusarudza zvarinoroora ari zvebhizimisi, dzikaumba mesoeconomics? Kazhinji, izvi zvinoreva kuparadzira migove kuti ive kuna musimboti. Ndiko, pane vatungamirire chivako, iyo muridzi kutonga mbambo mu subsidiaries mugove. Enough kushoma Fani umo muridzi kambani ndiye munhu kana sangano kuti haisi rutivi of jure mesoeconomics. Uyezve, mumwe kambani anogona kuramba zvakakwana akazvimirira zvoupfumi gwara (Zvisinei, mukati masimba waiti ari akakodzera kondirakiti).

Mesoeconomics uye oligarchs

Ndivanaani oligarchs kubva pfungwa nemaonero Western upfumi dzidziso? Ndiye Entrepreneurs vari varidzi emakambani pakukura, pakafunuka kwebasa izvo unobvumira iwe kudzora kwete indasitiri mari aibuda, asiwo kubhangi guru, upfumi mu National uye dzakawanda mumisika unganidza. Kureva kuti, oligarchs - zviri chaizvoizvo protagonists huru munyika mesoeconomics.

Vanogona pakunzi "chaiwo" oligarchs anozivikanwa vanamuzvinabhizimisi Russian vane zvinhu zvaikosha mabhiriyoni emadhora? Nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti zvinobvira pakuunganidza yakadaro chinzvimbo mune ramangwana. Somumwe chikuru nzira yacho oligarchy - rusununguko kubva ehurumende-vaiva makambani bhizimisi kunze nenyika. The pakukura vanamuzvinabhizimisi Russian, uyewo, akaita kuti guta guru, kuchovha enyika chinogona, kana kuti mukana anenge akazarura mamiriro ari privatization makore.