Mercuric sulfide: Formula

Chemical nemekiyuri sulphide zvinhu nenzira yakasiyana inonzi cinnabar - ane muchetura kwazvo akakura. Ndicho zvikuru kwose kwose nemekiyuri chicherwa. Rave richishandiswa kubvira kare somunhu colorant. Asi kubudiswa chicherwa ichi inogona kusunungura zvine chepfu uye chikonzero chepfu. Saka ikozvino cinnabar rinoshandiswa bedzi dzokubudisa pamusoro mekuri, iyo inoshandiswa bhizimisi uye zvokurapa.

Mineral nemekiyuri sulphide

Inonzi cinnabar. Izvi shoko rinobva yekare wemishonga nePezhiya "ropa dhiragoni kuti". Ndiwo sei yekare East mercuric sulfide uye zita ayo yakatsvuka. On the cleavage ibwe iri chakajeka kwazvo zvokuti afanane kuderera ropa. Mudenga rinenge nokukurumidza oxidized, kuwana yebhuruu-pfumbu ruvara. pane kushoma chaizvo chicherwa muchimiro munhu crystals. Kazhinji vakawanda yakasimba kana Dombo. Cinnabar inowanikwa muchimiro mitaro, crusts uye inclusions ari reraimu uye ivhu matombo.

Chimwe nadzurudzo ndiyo nemekiyuri sulphide chicherwa metacinnabarite. upfu ichi dema kwazvo kushoma zvakasikwa. Kunyange zvakawanda zvisingawanzoitiki zvicherwa kubva sulphide kuti nemekiyuri - ndiye Aktaş, gvadalkartsit, opofrit, saukovit uye nevamwe.

Distribution zvakasikwa

Mercuric sulfide - ndicho chicherwa paNyika nemekiyuri. It chakaumbwa hydrothermal deposits pedyo pemvura. chicherwa iri mined pamwe Goldstone, pyrite, calcite nezvimwe dzinoita. Kudeuka dhipoziti pamusoro sulphide pamusoro mekuri, yave pasi kukura kwemakore zviuru zviviri zvemakore, riri kuSpain. Inonzi Almaden, pano pave vanenge 80% munyika matura nemekiyuri. deposits Large vari kuuyawo muSlovenia, Yugoslavia, USA. Vamwe migodhi vekare, akakudziridza uye ikozvino vari muRoma, muna Donbass, muCentral Asia, muna Primorye.

ehupfumi

chicherwa ichi chine zvinopfuura 80% kuti nemekiyuri. Kuti ndiye mukuru tsime simbi iyi. Sezvo nemekiyuri yagara inozivikanwa uye akashandiswa indasitiri, saka rinowanzoshandiswa nemekiyuri sulfide. The yemaitiro yamarudzi ichi HgS, mune imwe nayo Anonziwo sulfurous nemekiyuri. chicherwa chinhu ari panyama uye mushonga wayo zvivako:

• inopenya ruvara rutsvuku;
• nokuti machipisi - chinovhenekera;
• chicherwa lamellae anenge segirazi, akafanana nedhaimani
• Zviri kuparara;
• It ane mukuru arambe achirema, saka zviri orema;
• nyore yakarukutika;
• kana nenharo kuti madhigirii 200, pamwe nokubudiswa vaporized nemekiyuri utsi;
• zvazvichanyungudutswa musanganiswa nitric uye hydrochloric acids.

History of kushandiswa

Zvinonzi vaidavira kuti cinnabar yave kuzivikanwa kuti vanhu kwemamwe makore zviuru 15 akapfuura. It kwakawanikwa mukati padombo unyanzvi. Kunyange Ancient Rome, Ijipiti uye Byzantine nemekiyuri sulphide zvikaramba kuwana simbi uye dzinongoitika dzvuku ruvara. Nezvidimbu cinnabar raishandiswa kunyange zvaAtemisi matkamuistoja.

Dangwe deposits achiripo kusvikira chipo, ipapo vari muRoma, Gorlovka, muna Fergana Valley Uzbekistan, Tajikistan. Vakanga mune utsinye ezvinhu, vashandi kazhinji akafa muchetura.

Cinnabar ari chaizvo anoongwa kare nekuda kwayo ruvara rwakati piriviri kutsvuka. Uye zvakanzi mined makore 500 BC. Uyezve, raishandiswa nemekiyuri. simbi iyi vanokosheswa uye rakashandiswa somunhu mushonga kusafa. Nokuda kwayo anokosha zvivako zviri nemekiyuri inonzi emura sirivha uye rinowanzoshandiswa alchemy. simbi iyi wakasuduruka chikuru nzvimbo dzose kuedza.

mutambo

Ndadzokera China yekare, yakatanga kuwanikwa chakagadzirwa cinnabar. By Fusion kuti nemekiyuri nesarufa masayendisiti vakagamuchira dzvuku sulphide kuti nemekiyuri muzana remakore rechi9. Zvino vemifananidzo kuMiddle Ages mune mifananidzo yake atoshandisa chakagadzirwa cinnabar. Zvino kushandisa nzira mbiri kuwana nemekiyuri sulfide: yakaoma uye kunyorova. Kana kugadzira yakaoma zvakavhenganiswa nemekiyuri nesurferi iri neshungu. Saka kuwana dema fuma. Ake kutobaya uye dzora. A nzira nyoro akaedzwa muzana remakore rechi18. In nemekiyuri ichi uye nesarufa triturated nemvura uye avhenganisa caustic pasoda. Pashure kuoma manipulations vakawana tsvuku mercuric sulfide. Asi iye zvishoma nemishonga uye chiedza dema.

The muitiro chokuwana chakagadzirwa cinnabar ngozi chaizvo nevanhu, sezvo vaine nokubudiswa nemuchetura yeimwe. Saka, zvinokwanisika chete murabhoritari uchiwirirana nekuchengetedzwa mitemo. Uyezve, kushaya chakagadzirwa cinnabar ndechokuti pakupedzisira vave rinokwanisa kucheneruka kana anenge dema Hue. Izvi zvinoitika atova pendi rukoko.

The ngozi fuma iyi

Mercury - zvikuru muchetura simbi. A cinnabar kunogonawo kukonzera zvikuru chepfu vakakwanisa kusunungura mekuri mhute, kunyange chaiye ezvinhu. Uye ichi ndicho yakasimba neurotoxic zvinodhaka. Kwainoita uropi, tsinga, isakarurama inobata itsvo chiropa. Mercury vapor vari odorless uye inhalation kunokanganisa kufema turakiti. Saka, njodzi nemekiyuri ndohwavo kirasi yokutanga - ngozi zvikuru makemikari. Kana muchetura mune vanhu kuitika kugwinha, kurasikirwa manyawi, kuoma zvinokosha nzvimbo, mwoyo kwebasa cardiac, aone zvinhu zvisipo, uye rufu.

Mercuric sulfide: kushanda

Cinnabar - yakanakisisa kunobva nemekiyuri. Asi vamwe pane kuti kubvira kare chicherwa ichi rinoshandiswa sezvo rakajeka dzinongoitika ruvara. Cinnabar raishandiswa senzira pendi kuti kupenda kwemifananidzo, swedera mavara makuru muBhaibheri, chirangaridzo kugadzirwa. In iconography, sezvo ingi inowanzoshandiswa nhasi. Asi enyika kupenda kubvira muzana remakore rechi19 yakanga yatsiviwa yakachengeteka zvikuru cadmium pendi. Kuwedzera nemishonga kuvamba nemekiyuri sulfide waishandiswa sezvo anobudirira mushonga pamusoro njovhera, akambozvishandisa kuuraya utachiona uye laxative.

Zvino nemekiyuri zvikaramba kubva cinnabar, zvinowanzodavirwa kushandiswa indasitiri:

• ari zvaAtemisi thermometers;
• mune zvemagetsi ouinjiniya;
• Kuzadza fluorescent mwenje;
• nokuti Kugadzirwa barometers;
• ari zvaAtemisi nezvionioni;
• Brazing chainge chakagadzirwa nesimbi zhinji uye nendarama mugodhi;
• muna pharmaceutics Somuenzaniso, kuti ndichengetedze yokudzivirira;
• kunyange pakati pezana remakore rechi20 yaiva chikamu mazino mumakomba;
• nemekiyuri alloys pamwe nedzimwe simbi yaiwanzoshandiswa kwezvishongo;
• somunhu fungicide mune zvokurima.