Chii voltage mugoveri

voltage vanokamura vari zvinowanzoshandiswa zvemagetsi nokuti vanobvumira munhu Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri nzira yokugadzirisa dambudziko voltage murau. Pane siyana schematic zvinogadzirisa kubva nyore, akadai vamwe rusvingo mwenje, kuti zvakakwana kunzwisisa kuti idzokere kuzvidzora mapuranga normalizers windings ari mains voltage.

Chii voltage mugoveri? Pfungwa nyore - iri zano kuti, zvichienderana nokupfuuridzirwa reshiyo (configured yoga) anodzora goho voltage hama kuti chiyamuro.

Kwekutanga zvakachengetwa kazhinji unogona kuwana rambi, rusvingo rambi, rakagadzirirwa mwenje miviri. Its chinokosha ndechokuti mwenje pachavo kunge yakagadzirwa kuti ishande pamwe voltage 127 volts. The yose Hurongwa zvakabatana mhuri simba panosangana pamwe 220 uye zvakashanda zvinobudirira. No zvishamiso! The ndechokuti nzira unobatanidza conductors vakaumba chinhu asi voltage mugoveri. Ngationei kuyeuka inokosha magetsi pfungwa, kureva, yakafanana uye Serial kubatana yevatengi. Sezvo chikazozikamwa, mu sequential muoti nokuchinja amperage vakaenzana, uye voltage shanduko (mutemo Yeuka Ohm raMwari). Naizvozvo, iri muenzaniso pamwe chete mhando rambi girobhu racho vari zvakabatana muna series, zvinopa zvinoderedza nerubatsiro voltage kuti nguva maviri (110). Uyewo, iyo voltage mugoveri anogona kuwanikwa mudziyo, anoparadzira chiratidzo kubva kanyanga kune vakawanda TVs. Kutaura zvazviri, mienzaniso yakawanda.

Ngatimbokurukurai imwe nyore voltage mugoveri pamusoro achishandisa resistors maviri R1 uye R2. Kupikiswa kwakabatana munguva dzino pamusoro Kuwanikwa mhedziso vaipa chiyamuro voltage U. Kubva pakati pfungwa muitisi unobva resistors, pane chimwezve goho. Kureva, zvinoitika miromo matatu, maviri - vane zvimwewo zviteshi (pakati zvachose kukosha voltage U) uye avhareji Anoumba U1 uye U2.

The kukarukureta of voltage mugoveri, achishandisa mutemo Ohm vake. Sezvo I = U / R, U ndiye zvibereko ano ari kurwisa. Nokudaro, nzvimbo R1 pamwe voltage ndiko U1, apo R2 kuva U2. The Kuyerera ipapo kuenzana (Serial kubatana). Vakapiwa murayiro nokuda zvakakwana cheni, tinoona kuti romugove ndiyo uwandu U U1 + U2.

Parizvino pasi izvi ezvinhu? Generalizing mukana wokuti vanhu vanga, tinowana:

I = U / (R1 + R2).

Kubva ichi tinogona kuona kukosha voltage (U mbudo) panguva goho pakati mugoveri (ichi kunogona U1, uye U2):

U mbudo = U * R2 / (R1 + R2).

Nokuti vanokamura vane chinjika resistances pane zvimwe zvinhu zvinokosha zvinofanira paChidzidzo padariro kugarwa, uye ichishanda.

Chokutanga, zvingaitwa izvi hazvigoni kushandiswa kugadzirisa voltage yevatengi simba. Somuenzaniso, nenzira iyi hazvibviri hwesimba electric motor. Chimwe zvikonzero - ndiwo resistor anokoshesa pachavo. Nemishonga kilowatts kana ivo zviripo, zviri hombe mano achinyangarika chikamu zvinoorora simba sezvo kupisa.

Zvakabatana mutoro nemishonga ukoshi hakufaniri zvishoma pane magetsi nemishonga kuti hushande pamusoro mugoveri, zvimwe vanofanira recalculate rose hurongwa. Zvakanakisa musiyano mugoveri R uye R mutoro inofanira kuva huru sezvinobvira. Zvakakosha kuti zvakarurama kusarudza tsika R1 uye R2, sezvo kunyanya masangano kunotoreva kunyanya voltage donhwe, uye achaita overheat zvakare pasi, kutambisa simba kubudikidza kudziyisa.

Tichiverenga mugoveri Kazhinji vakasarudzwa kukosha kwayo nguva kuitika (semuenzaniso, 10) mukuru kupfuura kunofambidzana mutoro amperage. Uyezve, nokuziva kuitika uye voltage, ari kurwisa vasanganiswa rinowanikwa (R1 + R2). Uyezve mabwendefa rakatevera yasarudzwa mureza tsika R1 uye R2 (mu maonero avo simba nokubikwa kugona kuti tisanyanyozvidya kudziyisa).