MAZ 537: Mufananidzo. MAZ 537 ("Hurricane"): tsanangudzo

MAZ 537 "Mhirizhonga" - inorema terekta ina- terenda yechirasi, chinangwa chehondo. Yakabudiswa paMinsk Automobile Plant kubva muna 1959 kusvika muna 1965. Kubvira muna 1963 iyo inobudiswa kuKZKT, Kurgan yemiti yematokari matoro. Kutakura simba kusvika pamatani 50 pamasitrailers akafanana neCMZAP-5247G.

MAZ device 537

Izvo zvakagadziriswa terekta zvakajeka, saka zvinovimbika. Cabin MAZ 537, mifananidzo yayo yakanga isingawanikwi pamusana pekuchengetedzwa kwemauto, magadziro mana, masuo maviri, simbi, yakagadzirirwa moto. Injini iri seri kwekate muimba yekuendesa injini, saka kune kadhi yekutsvaga inotenderera kutenderera kune hupfumi husina kuzvimirira. Pamberi pemutoro wechipfuti ndeyechishanu gorosi coupling. Zvimwe kugadziriswa kwemakina zvakagadzirwa nekunakirwa. Ita terekta inofamba pamasere masere, aya mana ari mberi ari kutendeuka. Matairi asingasviki akashongedzwa kuputika, pamusangano wekuvhara, kuora mwoyo kunokonzerwa nemari inoshandiswa kunoitwa. Iyi MAZ 537 "Uragan" motokari , iyo inyanzvi yehutauro inotaura nezvemasimba uye kuvimbika, muenzaniso wakanaka wekubudirira kwezvombo zvehondo.

Powerplant

Iyo injini ye dizeli inokurumidza-D-12A-525A, yakashandurwa kuti ive gorosi GOST 4749-73. Simba 525 hp Pa2100 rpm. Zvirongo - volume 38 880 cube / cm, yakawanda 12, urongwa hwakaitwa neV. Iyo yakaita mamita 150 mm, chikamu chekuwedzera chiri 14.5.

Iyo motokari inenge yakagadzirwa nechekareti.

Kuchenesa - kushandiswa kwemhirizhonga kweantifreeze.

Kutengesa - nhatu-gedhi, ne hydromechanical switching.

Kuyera

Urefu - 8960 mm, urefu - 2880 mm, upamhi 2885 mm. Gumbo racho riri pakati pekutanga uye yechipiri mabheti e1700 mm, pakati pechipiri nechechitatu 2650 mm, pakati pechitatu nechina yechina 1700 mm.

Nzira yacho ndeye 2200 mm yemabhiriji ose. Ground clearance (kubviswa) - 500 mm.

Kurema - 21.6 matani.

Kuchinja

• MAZ 537A inotakura terekitari, inokwanisa kutakura matani 15 mumutumbi, matani makumi matanhatu ehuwandu huwandu nemotokari mumugwagwa mukuru kana matani makumi matatu mumugwagwa usina tsvina.
• MAZ 537D - yakashongedzerwa nejena jenereta inoiswa.
• MAZ 537G - yakashongedzerwa newaini.
• MAZ 537K - terekta, yakagadzirirwa kutakura nguva refu yakareba magetsi.
• MAZ 537L - yekukwira ndege, yakagadzirirwa muviri wesimbi.

Iyo purojekiti yekugadzira terekta itsva ine simba

Mukutanga kwemazana makumi mashanu nemazana emakore makumi maviri nemazana maviri muUnited States pakanga paine kudiwa kwemotokari itsva ine simba yeuto. Rocket complexes, motokari dzine zvombo zvakakura pamatokari emagetsi, vafambisi vezvombo uye zvimwe zvigadziro zvinotarisirwa zvose zviri pedyo uye kure kure. Kunyanya kuoma kwaiva kubviswa kwemauto ehondo, ayo aiitwa nguva dzose. Kusvikira kumwedzi mitanhatu zvakatora kufamba nechitima uye zviduku-zviteshi zvokutakura motokari.

Izvo zvakasikwa zvepasi rose terekitari zvakatanga mumavhiri muna 1954, uye munguva yezhizha muna 1956 zviratidzo zvaive zvakagadzirira. I-axle ina yakazara-yakareba mana-gumbo motokari chasisi yakave yakagadziriswa kwechiverengero chekugadzirisa kwechigaro chechikafu chechiuto. Zviratidzo zvemichina yakagadzirirwa kufamba kwenguva refu kureba kwema40 - 50 km / h. Izvo simba retikiti rakange rakakwana kutakura chikwata ne ballistic intercontinental missile. Zvisinei, motokari yemugwagwa inogona kungotevera nzira iyo yakaoma uye yakasara pane imwe nzvimbo yakadzika. Kukunda kunyange kuduku kudarika kwakashanda, nokuti taraira haina kuwana inertia.

Kushanda

Ita terekta MAZ 537 "Hurricane", inyanzvi yemhando yehutano iyo yakaratidza kuvimbika kwayo, yakashandiswa zvakare mumauto evanhu nguva dzose nokuda kwekutakura kwemaitiro akasiyana-siyana ekurwisana kwenguva refu. Zvisinei, kubvarura kwemashure marefu kwakaderedzwa nekubatana zvakanyanya kure. Nzira yemugwagwa yakanga isingakwaniki pakushanduka, kushandiswa kwakange kusingagumi.

Kwose kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo nzvimbo yekuendesa kwaiva basa reArchetypal rechiuto, motokari yemugwagwa yaifanira kumira kakawanda, nenzira yezvinetso zvakaoma, kuti ienzanise dzidzo. Matambudziko akasimuka nekuda kwemugwagwa wakamanikana. Mumushure mehondo-USSR, migwagwa yose yaiva yakanyanya kuderera, motokari dzakatakura dzakaendeswa mumutsara mumwe chete, mumativi ose maviri. Ngozi yekutamira mugomba yaiva neminiti yose. Iko terekitari yakaremara yakabata nzira yaro yakazara uye yakasara kune iyo inouya. Zvipomero zvakaiswa kubva kuvanhu vasiri vanhu, asi mamiriro acho haana kuchinja.

Pakuguma, mauto ehondo akatanga kutinyevera pamusoro pekuuya kwekutakura kwemassile matsuro mberi. Nhamba dzekudzoka kwekuuya kwekuuya kwakagamuchirwa nemitambo yemugwagwa uye hurumende yekuongorora magwagwa. Mapurisa akavhara motokari mumugwagwa mukuru, mukati memakiromita makumi maviri nemakumi matatu, terekta ine trailer yakaita yose yakareba yegwagwa uye yakachengetedza chikamu chesununguko kusvika kune rimwe rinotevera. Zvadaro mhanho inotevera yakavharwa.

Makore maviri gare gare, nzvimbo yekugadzirisa yeMinsk Automobile Plant yakatanga kukura shanduro yakagadzirwa nemotokari yerotakiti ine mazita MAZ 535V. Mutumbi wakabviswa, panzvimbo yawo wakagadzirirwa kubatanidza ne-automatic lock-lock uye madigiri maviri e-radial rotation. Vertical load panzvimbo yekare yetikiti yakaramba ichiwedzera zvakanyanya, varimi vaifanira kufungisisa zviyero zvekumiswa kwemashure. Vakamira pamabhiriji ne gearari gear uye kusiyana. Nokudaro, zvinyorwa zvemashure zvakatora mutoro mukuru.

MAZ 537

Shanduro yekupedzisira yeatakiti iyo yakaratidzwa neinjini yakakwana yakawanda uye inotonhora. Zvikamu zvekadhian shafts dzenyaya yekutsvaga zvakasimbiswa. Kudiwa kweizvi kwaitarisirwa nekuputsika kwemazuva ose, apo mutakateguru akaremerwa asingakwanisi kukunda chikamu chekunaya kwemugwagwa uye injini inobvisa zvinyorwa zvemakadhi.

Kusikwa kwemhuri yematokari matoro matoro MAZ 537, maitiro ezvo akadzokorora zviyero zvakakosha zvezveruzhinji MAZ 535 ne MAZ 536, yakanga iri kutanga kwemazuva matsva ekirasi yemigwagwa-teresi, ine simba rakakura-kutakura. Ikoko kwaiva nechirudziro chakasimba chekusimbiswa kwekuwedzera kwezvinhu zvakanyanyisa zvakakura semitrailers nemakororo kuitira kutengesa kwe-multi-tonne zvinhu zvisingaoneki.

Chido chekutamisa zvivakwa zvikuru zvakagara zviripo. Kune dzimwe nyika, magwagwa emigwagwa akaoneka kare kare kupfuura muU.SR, uye mamiriro ezvinhu aya akakurudzira kusimbiswa kweSoviet motokari yekuwedzera mubhadharo, sezvo pasina munhu aida kukwira shure kwehutaneti hwakakosha. Kutanga, mahofisi emakambani emotokari akavaka terekta yeZiS-10 nechishanu chekubatanidza pamusana pekuzivikanwa kweZiS-5 dump lori. Kutakura kwemotokari itsva kwaingova matani 6 chete. Nhamba shomanana yetikotwe yakagadzirwa, ZiS-10 haina kuparadzirwa zvikuru.

Foreign analogues

Mumakore ekupedzisira makumi matatu nemakumi matatu emakore ekupedzisira, vatakumbo vemotokari vakazoziva nzira mbiri dzakaoma-zvitima zvekugadzira kune dzimwe nyika, matarekitari emotokari Daimond T-980 uye REO 28XS, akatamirwa kuSUSS nokukweretesa. Kubhururuka kwepasi kwakashanda pamwe chete nematatu matatu-semashambairi Roden Trailer, kutakura kwaive nematani makumi mashanu. Izvo motokari dzaive dzakagadzirwa nemakumbo uye dzakatakura motokari dzehondo.

Panguva iyoyo muSoviet Union, matangi nemamwe motokari yemotokari yakawanda yakatungamirirwa nenzira yavo pachavo kana kuti yakatakurwa pamafurati. Nzira dzose idzi dzakaita sedzakanganisa, asi pakanga pasina imwe nzira ipapo.

Iko shure kwehondo nguva

Mushure mekupera kweHondo Yenyika II, USSR yakanyatsotanga kusimbisa kusimba kwemashambare ematoro emunharaunda ehondo uye inosimudzira hupfumi hwenyika. Muna 1951, fakighi yemotokari muJaroslavl yakagadzira kugadzirwa kwemotokari mitatu YaAZ-210G ine chikwata uye simba rinokunda. Kubudirira kwekugadzirwa kwemichina iyi hakukwanisi kugadziriswa, uye mune zvekare matatakiti aisagona kupfuura-mumugwagwa, kunyanya panguva yemvura kana kuti mumdhizha yemvura.

Nokudaro, mabasa ekusika zvigetsi zvakanyanya aida kugadziriswa, kunyanya sezvo nyika yakanga ichikurumidza kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri, uye dhipatimendi remauto rakanga richivandudza maitiro emasipolisi aidiwa kufamba. Mauto akazvidzivirirawo aidawo matarenda ane simba-anotengesa.

Shanduro yehofisi

Dare reVashumiri veUnited States muna June 1954 rakagadzirisa chisarudzo pamusoro pekugadzirwa kwemahofisi ezvigadzirwa zvekugadzirwa kwemastikiti makuru emasipoteri ane simba rekugadziriswa kwekushandurwa kwemashoko ehurumende. Izvozvo zvakabva zvava pachena kuti yekare magetsi ekugadzirwa kwemagetsi nemichina yekugadzira motokari ingadai isina kukwana.

Takafanira kutanga kubva pamashini-tool tool, kutenga zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano kune dzimwe nyika uye kuumba hutsva hutsva. Pakushamba Kwemotokari yeMinsk ma MAZ MAZ akave akarongeka, pasi pekutungamirirwa kwavakakosha guru Boris Lvovich Shaposhnik. Vasati vadzidzisi vakagadza basa rekugadzira nekugadzira motokari gorota. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo MAZ 535 yekuchera kona yakaoneka, iyo ichakurumidza kuva MAZ 537, muenzaniso pamwe nekuchinja kwakasiyana-siyana.

Kugadzirwa

Pakutanga, mari yakabatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwepamusoro-soro yakanga isina kukwana, sezvo motokari yakadaro isingasviki. Mushure mekugadzirisa kuchengetedza kwemari kweprojekti, basa racho rakatanga kubikira. Zvisiri izvo zvinogadziriswa zvakagadziriswa, izvo zvisati zvamboshandiswa mumhizha yekutengesa motokari. Takafanira kufungisisa nezvemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo ekushanda kweatoro-tractor, kushandiswa kweiyuniti kusvika kuhutambo hunotangira kubva kune 50 kusvika kune 50 degrees, nharaunda yenyika uye mamwe akawanda emiganhu.

Irokisi yakakura terekta MAZ 537 yakatanga kubudiswa serial muna 1965. Imotokari yacho yaive yakagadzirirwa vatengesi vemigwagwa uye nhamba-tarenda inorema kusvika pamatani makumi mana. Kubva pakurongeka kwemuenzaniso we 537-th wakanga wakasiyana-siyana-shure (pa 345 mm) yechishanu-kusungirirana nzira uye kusimbiswa kusimirirwa shure. Imotokari MAZ 537 yakanga iri munzira yekudzorera nguva dzose. Mukugadzirwa kwebasa, basa rebhokisi rekutsvaga rakawedzerwa, kutenderera kwekutsvaga kumotokari yejenereta yakaiswa. Kutakura kwemotokari kwawedzera zvikuru uye kwakaenzana nematanhatu 68.

Mukuenzana ne-heavy-duty truck tractor, pa-board matrekta ekutakura mitoro, kusvika pamatanhatu makumi maviri, mumugwagwa mukuru, yakagadzirwa uye yakagadzirwa mumakwikwi akawandisa. Mutumbi wemotokari yakadaro yakanga isingagadzirwi zvigaro, isina mabheji uye kubvongodza, yakashandiswa chete kutakura zvinhu. Pasi pemuviri makanga mune muchengeti wekuti kuzvidzora, kana dai tatekta ichingobata.

Modernization

Mushure mechinguva mauto MAZ 537 akange achinatswa, uye motokari yakapiwa "P" index. Icho chimiro chemagetsi chakaramba chisina kuchinjwa, asi kutora kwakabviswa, uye muviri wakagadzirirwa zvakare kutakura vashandi. Pakati pemabhanhire, mabhenji ekureba uye arcs for the awning zvakaiswa, izvo zvakagadziriswa mukukwirira - munzvimbo yakaderera denga rakaputira mutoro, munzvimbo yakakwirira yaishumira sekudzivirirwa kunonaya mvura uye chando kune vanhu. Maererano nechinangwa chayo chakananga, terekta MAZ 537P inogona kushandura mapurisa nemassile matsuro.

Kushanda kwematokari matombo kunoda vadzidzisi vebasa, vatyairi vakakodzera uye zvinyorwa zvakagadzirwa. Saka, muma1970, mabhizimusi chaiwo ekutengeswa kwepakati pezvikwata zvakakura uye zvakatakura zvakatangwa. Sangano "Spetstyazhavtotrans" raibatanidzwa mukufambisa zvisiri izvo zvinotengeswa, zvichigadzira nzira dzakanaka. Nekubatsirwa kwemastareji MAZ 537, marble boulder, akayera mamita mazana matatu, akatakurwa kuzovakwa kwechivako kuna V.I. Lenin muLeningrad. Iko kushanda kwakasiyana-siyana kwekutakura kwakateverwa nenyika yose.

Matrekta "MAZ 537" kuchamhembe, uko kuiswa kwemafuta nemafuta emagetsi kwakashandiswa zvikuru, kwaishandiswa zvikuru. Motokari isina kuzvininipisa yakashanda zvakanaka mumamiriro ekutonhora. Kunyanya nokuda kwekutakura kwenguva yakareba gesi-kutengesa majoints, pip-481 pipe chute yakavakwa pachishandiswa motokari yeMUSZ 537 inodhonza. Uyewo pakushanda kumativi ekumaodzanyemba, zviratidzo zvemoto zvinoshandiswa mumoto, zviyero zvemafashoni zvesayenzi, zvese-nzvimbo dzemotokari dzedambudziko rekurapa dzinokurumidza dzakasikwa. Zvisinei, makopi ekuedza haana kusvika pakugadzirwa kwemazhinji.

Muna 1991, muti weKurgan wematokari matombo yakatanga kushandiswa kwemasimbi ematoro-trailer KZKT-9101, ane hutakura hwema tani 54, yemotokari yeMAS 537, iyo inyanzvi yehutano yakanyatsoenderana nemashoko e semitrailer. Kubatanidzwa kwezvikamu zvakazoita kuti zvibudirire, vatengi vakakwanisa kutenga terekta uye semirairira mukati mekutanga.

Kwemakore akawanda ekugadzirwa, MAZ 537 kugunzva, mapikicha ayo anowanikwa pane peji, zvishoma nezvishoma zvisingashandisi, zvose zvetsika uye zvepamusoro. Michina yakaneta pachayo, inogona kukwanisa kufambira mberi yakaoma. Zvave zvakajeka zvakavanzika zvakavanzika, kutsoropodza kwakawanda kwakakonzera mashoma simba masimba emutambo wemasimba. Kushanda kwetakiti kwakabatanidzwa nekuputika kwenguva refu yekugadzirisa, mauto MAZ 537 haana kugamuchira vashandi vaitakura matangi nemamwe motokari dzehondo, izvo zvaifanira kuteverwa zvakasiyana. Kuti tiite izvi, taifanira kukwezva mamwe motokari.

Pakupedzisira, zvichienderana nemuenzaniso we 537th, terekta idzva KZKT-7428 yakasikwa, iyo yakazara zvakakwana nemabasa ekutakura zvigaro zvehondo. Pari zvino, mhuri yematakata makumbo ane simba yakagadzirisa matanho ose ekutakura midziyo yehondo yakaoma, pamwe chete nehurumende huru yakakura mashizha emabhizimisi.