Marginal propensity kudya uye kuponesa. The shoma propensity kuti uparadze - the fomura

With kuwedzera Mari munhu anotanga kushandisa zvakawanda pane chinhu kuponesa. Zvinoita sokuti vari kudzidzira, zvose zviri nyore chaizvo - zvakawanda mari, zvinoreva, uye kupfuura zvimwe. Kutaura zvazviri, upfumi ane nhamba pfungwa, pfungwa, Masvomhu siyana uye ukama kuti zvaanotsanangura, overenga uye tsanangura chiitiko ichi. Izvi zvinosanganisira propensity uchapedza (shoma, avhareji), kuponesa, Keynesian inokosha mutemo mupfungwa, uye zvichingodaro. D. Knowledge uye kunzwisisa zvoupfumi mashoko uye mutemo runoita kuti zvakasiyana kuongorora zvatinosiita mananara, uyewo avo chinokonzera uye mitemo, kuti zvavanouya vatungamirire.

dangamusha

Pfungwa yokuti 'shoma propensity uchapedza uye kuponesa, "yakabuda mumakore 20-30. rokupedzisira remakore. Ake zvoupfumi pfungwa kwakamboitwa wokuEngland Dzhon Meynard Keyns. Under kunwa Kunosanganisira kushandisa dzakasiyana-siyana nhumbi kundosangana mumuviri, pakunamata kana nomumwe zvinodiwa mumwe munhu kana boka revanhu. Mari sezvo Keynes akagadza mugove mari kuti haana yakawandisa kuparadzwa, uye yakaramba kuti kushandiswa ramangwana nani nani. The Economist rinoratidzawo inokosha mutemo mupfungwa, maererano iro pamwe kukura mari uye kuparadzwa hazvo inowedzera kukura (nevazukuru chikuva nhumbi, cheap zvinhu inotsiviwa anodhura, uye zvichingodaro. D.), asi kwete kutsanya (kwete Proportional). Nemamwe mashoko, zvikuru munhu anogamuchira boka revanhu, ndipo yavanopedza, asiwo chikuru mari vakasiya nokuda nemari. Kubva pane dzidziso yake, Keynes yakatanga pfungwa dzakadai avhareji uye zviratidzo zvinoendesa kune propensity ukaparadza (the nzira kuverenga izvozvo, zvakare, wakasuduruka), uye paavhareji uye zviratidzo zvinoendesa kune propensity kuponesa uye nzira kwayo kukarukureta. Mukuwedzera, Economist inozvikudza yave kuzivikanwa uye akasimbisa wandei ukama pakati izvi pfungwa.

kukarukureta kuti kudya

Marginal propensity kuti uparadze akaenzana nhamba kuchinja manwiro nokuchinja mari. Zviri chikamu kuchinja mutengi mari chete chairema mari, izvo zvakaita kwavari. Kureva pfungwa iri kazhinji mutsamba Latin MPC - chidimbu shoma propensity kudya. The yemaitiro anotarira seizvi:

MPC = Kuchinja norukosoro / mari kuchinja.

kukarukureta mari

Sezvakangoita katsika uparadze shoma propensity kuponesa kuchinja kuti dzaona reshiyo kune nemari iri mari kuchinja. Kunoratidza nhamba ndiri kuchinja, izvo inowira neimwe mari chairema okuwedzera mari. Mumabhuku, pfungwa iyi dzinomirira dzimwe nhengo dzeParamende - chidimbu shoma propensity kukuponeswa. The yemaitiro hazvisi sezvinotevera:

Dzimwe nhengo dzeParamende = Changes mari / mari kuchinja.

muenzaniso

Masvomhu kuti zviratidzo yakadai shoma propensity kuti upise chero mari, muri nyore.

Background: mhuri manwiro Ivanova muna October 2016 yaiva 30 000, uye muna November - 35 000 rubles. Mari yakagamuchirwa muna October 2016 gore vaiva 40 000 rubles, uye muna November - 60 000 rubles.

Mari 1 = 40 000 - 30 000 = 10 000 rubles.

Mari 2 = 60 000 - 35 000 = 25 000 rubles.

MPC = 35 000 -30 000/60 000 - 40 000 = 0,25.

Dzimwe nhengo dzeParamende = 25 000 - 10 000/60 000 - 40 000 = 0.75.

Saka, nekuti mhuri Ivanova:

Reserve propensity kuti uparadze akaenzana 0.25.

Reserve propensity kuponesa akaenzana 0.75.

Relationships uye dependencies

Reserve propensity kuti uparadze uye rokuponesa paminiti mari dzaishandiswa kushandisa chete kutanga Data vanofanira aunganidze kuti kubatana. Zvinoreva kuti hapana tsika idzi semubairo kukarukureta havagoni kuva mukuru 1. Zvikasadaro, unofanira kutsvaka zvikanganiso kana mashoko okuti chepakutanga mashoko.

Kuwedzera mari kuti zviratidzo izvi, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa:

• Pfuma akazviunganidzira nemhuri (kuchengetedzeka, Real Estate). The zvakawanda saizi kwavo, rezasi pachiyero nemari uye yakakwirira kudyiwa. It kunokonzerwa uye mutengo nazvo chepfuma, uye kuramba mumwe nemararamiro, uye kusavapo kusachengeteka kukuru kudikanwa hoarding.
• Kukura zvakasiyana siyana kwemitero uye mari, uye anogona substantially kuderedza uwandu nemari uye uwandu mari.
• Kuwedzera wedzerai pamisika chinowedzera nekukura zvinodyiwa uye, naizvozvo, kuderedza nenhanho kuwanda. Zvikurukuru chenjera anokonzerwa chidzoke itsva chigadzirwa kana basa (somugumisiro nesayenzi uye michina mberi), nekuti pane kurayira itsva kuti hariko kare.
• Zvinotarisirwa Economic aigona rinokonzera kukura sezvo rimwe chakarurama, uye wechipiri. Somuenzaniso, tariro kumuka mutengo chero chigadzirwa mu kunogona kukonzera kudya zvayo zvinhu (billets ramangwana), iro rine inokanganisa mumatanda.
• Zvisingatarisirwi nouchapupu yakawedzera mitengo nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana sei kudyiwa uye aponese akasiyana evanhu mapoka.

ongororo Features

Pane pakawanda kuti zvinofanira kucherechedzwa iri kuongorora zviratidzo zvakadai propensity kuti uparadze ndiro muganhu, uyewo kuponesa. Ndedzipi pfungwa idzi? Chekutanga, kana shoma propensity kuti uparadze ndiye anenge mumwe, saka pane kushaya mari kana pasi azvipire kukura ichienzaniswa kukura mumuviri uye pakunamata. Kakawanda, izvi mufananidzo riri kusimukira vane kusimba upfumi, kana mune yatinenge zvemari uye zvoupfumi zvinetso.

Chechipiri, dzemaitirwe pakati zviratidzi vanhu kana mhuri kuti upfumi hwenyika kana indasitiri ruzivo shoma, saka chinowanzoonekwa vaiona imwe akagadzirwa zvinodyiwa uye mari (nemhuri, magariro mapoka, uye zvichingodaro. D.). Panguva iyoyowo kunakirwa anoverengeka zvokudya pamusoro Keynesian dzidziso. Somuenzaniso, kuparadzwa ndiko kushanda chenhando mari.

Chechitatu, munhu akaidza iri aiwanzoshandiswa zviratidzi havasi nguva mbiri (sezvinoratidzwa kukarukureta muenzaniso), uye netsika pamusoro nguva yakareba. Zvadaro yakanyatsotsanangura kutotaura zvabuda, achiita zvakawanda nemaziso kuongorora uye kuongorora simba. Charting mabasa dzinonzi Keynesian uye kakawanda kuoneka mune kuongorora siyana zvoupfumi mananara.