Magnetosphere yePasi: migumisiro yekuchinja kwayo. Izvo zvikwata zvekunze zvePasi

Magnetosphere inoumba muviri chero upi newo magnetic field. Inoratidzika nokuti zvikamu zvine mhosva zvinoparadzaniswa kubva pamutambo wekutanga wekufambisa pasi pesimba remagnetism mukati. Nzvimbo yekusangana yezuva uye magnetic field inoumba plasma yakafukidza magnetosphere.

Kuchinja kwezuva paNyika

Zuva rinobudisa simba rakakura, iro rinoramba richiwedzera, "rinobuda" kunze. Uku kuwedzera kunonzi solar wind.

Mhepo yezuva inopararira chero ipi zvayo, ichizadza nzvimbo yose yeplanetary. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, plasma yakagadzirwa inoumbwa munzvimbo inonzi interstellar, inonzi solar wind plasma.

Iyo plasma yezuva inofamba-famba mumhepo, paavhareji mukati memazuva mana inokunda muganhu pakati peSuva nePasi.

Zuva rinopa simba, nekuda kwehupenyu huri pasi pano hunoenderera mberi. Zvisinei, Zuva rinobudisa miviri inotyisa, inoparadza zvipenyu zvose zviri panyika yedu. Apo Nyika inofamba-famba-svetza Zuva, miviri inoparadzirwa isina kufanana mukati megore. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, mwaka unoshanduka.

Chii chinodzivirira pasi?

Izvo zvakasikwa zvePasi rinozvidzivirira kubva kune miviri inokuvadza yezuva. Pasi rakakomberedzwa nezvikwata zvishoma:

• Magnetosphere, inodzivirira kupisa kwemazuva masikati;
• Ionosphere, inobvisa X-ray uye ultraviolet mihizha;
• Ozone layer, kudzivirira masero anogara emirairo ye ultraviolet.

Somugumisiro, pasi reBiosphere (nzvimbo inorarama yezvisikwa zvipenyu) yakachengetedzwa zvakakwana.

Nyika ye magnetosphere inzvimbo yakachengetedza, yakasvibiswa kubva pakati penyika. Icho chinopesana nemhepo yezuva inonzi plasma. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, plasma yeSa inoyerera ichikomberedza Nyika, ichiumba gadziriro yakagadzirirwa, iyo inonzi geomagnetic field yakavanzwa .

Nei kune magnetic field?

Zvinokonzera magnetism pasi pano zvakavanzwa mukati mepasi. Sezvo inozivikanwa nezvehutano hwePasi, inosanganisira:

• Core;
• Mantle;
• Kudenga kwenyika.

Pasi pose pane mamiriro akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kuvhiringidza uye magnetic. Simba rezvisikwa nenzira yakanyanyisa ndiko kukokwe kwepasi kune zvinhu zvose zvezvinhu.

Pasi magnetism inosanganisira zviitiko zvinowanikwa pamiganhu yepakati uye mantle. Nyika iyo pachayo inogadzirwa magnetti, simba rakasvibiswa.

Chikonzero chekuita magnetic field ndiyo magetsi emagetsi kana kusagadziriswa magnetization. Masayendisiti anoshanda nechinetso chemagnetism ePasi, ona kuti:

• Zvinokonzera magnetic kukokwa kwePasi;
• Ita hukama huripo pakati pemagnetism pasi uye zvayo;
• Sarudza kugoverwa uye kutungamirirwa kwemagnetic field panyika.

Izvi zvidzidzo zvinoitwa kuburikidza nemageneti ekuongororwa, uyewo kuburikidza kuburikidza nekucherechedza mune zvinyorwa-maonero anokosha munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzenyika.

Magnetosphere inorongwa sei?

Kuonekwa uye urongwa hwemagnetosphere inobudiswa:

• Solar wind;
• Nyika magnetism.

Mhepo yezuva ndiyo inokonzerwa ne plasma, yakagoverwa kubva kune Sun mune imwe nzira. Mhepo inokurumidza kusvika pedyo nepasi iri 300-800 km / s. Mhepo yezuva inenge izere nema proton, electrons, alpha marinha uye inoratidzirwa nekasineutrality. Mhepo yezuva inopa magnetism yezuva, inoshandiswa ne plasma kure kwazvo.

Pasi magnetosphere inzvimbo yakaoma kunzwisisa. Zvose zvikamu zvaro zvakazadzwa nemishonga eplasma, umo nzira dzekusimbirira kwechikamu dzinokosha zvikuru. Kubva parutivi rwemazuva, kureba kubva pakati nepakati kusvika kumiganhu yepasi kunotsanangurwa nesimba rezuva rezuva uye rinogona kusvika kubva pamakumi matanhatu kusvika kune makumi manomwe makiromita, iro rakaenzana ne 10-12 radii yePasi Re. Re yakaenzana ne6371 km.

Miganhu yemagnetosphere yakasiyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo yakatarisana neSuva. Muganhu wakadaro parutivi rwezuva wakafanana nechimiro cheganda. Rutivi rwayo ruregerero ndiRei. Panzvimbo yerima, magnetosphere inotora mufananidzo wegurindrical muswe, nzvimbo yacho ndeye 20-25 Re, kureba kwayo inopfuura 200 Re, kuguma hakuzivikanwi.

Mune magnetosphere kune nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzine simba, dzinonzi "mabhanhire emvura." Iko magnetosphere inogona kutanga kutengesa kwakasiyana-siyana uye iyo pachayo inopa simba remhepo, rimwe rayo rinogona kupinda kuNyika.

Plasma seeps muMagnetosphere Pasi pano kuburikidza nepakati pakati pemagnetopause matanho - polar cusps, uyewo nekuda kwemagromagnetic phenomena uye unyanzvi.

Basa re magnetic field

Magnetosphere Pasi pano inokanganisa maitiro emagetsi, geomagnetic dutu uye zvinyorwa.

Inodzivirira hupenyu pasi pano. Pasina iye, upenyu hwaizomira. Maererano nevasayendisiti, makungwa eMaris nemhepo yakasviba yakapinda munzvimbo nemhaka yekusagadzikana kwemazuva emhepo. Saizvozvowo, mvura yeVenus yakakandwa mumhepo nemhepo.

Iyo magnetosphere inowanikwawo muJupiter, Uranus, Saturn uye Neptune. Pa Mars uye Mercury magnetic shells haana basa. Venus haina kana zvachose, mhepo yezuva inogona kutarisana neionosphere.

Mamiriro eShu

Nzvimbo huru ye magnetic field inopesana. Magnetic tension is a vector quantity. Iyo magnetic field yenyika inomiririrwa nekubatsira kwemitsara yekumanikidzwa, mavanga kune avo anoratidza kutungamirirwa kwevhuni vector.

Izvo simba re magnetic field nhasi 0.5 rakasungwa kana 0.1 ampere. Masayendisiti anobvumira kuchinja kwehukuru munguva yakapfuura. Asi iyo geomagnetic field haina kuchinja kune yekupedzisira 2-3.5 mabhiriyoni emakore.

Pfungwa Pasi pano, apo kukanganiswa kunotungamirirwa, kunonzi magnetic mapurisa. Kune maviri mavari pasi pano:

• Northern;
• Southern.

Mutsara wakarurama unopfuura nepakati pemapuranga - magnetic axis. Denderedzwa iripo perpendicular to the axis ndiyo magnetic equator. Simba remunda muEquator rakanyanyisa.

Magnetic matanda

Iyo magnetic matanda haafananidzi neyekugara geographic poles. Geographic mapurisa anowanikwa pamwe chete nenharaunda iyo nyika inotenderera. Apo Nyika inofamba-famba-svetuka Zuva, kutungamirirwa kwenyika inogumira.

Iyo kambasi inobatsira inoenda kune magnetic north pole. Magnetic observatories anoenzanisa kuchinja kwemasikirini emasikati panguva, vamwe vavo vanobatanidzwa zvikamu zvose zvechipiri.

Kubva kuchamhembe kwepakati kusvika kuSouth kune magnetic meridians. Iko pakati pemagnetic uye geographic meridians inonzi magnetic declination. Chipi nechipi pasi pano chinokonzera kukanganisa kwayo.

Paan equator, magnet magetsi anoiswa mukati-kati. Paunofamba uchienda kumaodzanyemba, kumucheto kwekumusoro kwemuseve kunopera pasi. Iko pakati pemuseve uye yakanyanyisa pamusoro apa ndiyo magnetic inclination. Mumunda wemapuranga, chido ndicho chikuru uye 90 degrees.

Kufambisa magnetic field

Nekufamba kwenguva, urongwa hwe magnetic matanda hunochinja.

Pakutanga, magnetic pole yakavhurwa muna 1831, uye yakange iri mazana emakiromiti kubva panzvimbo yaro iripo. Nharaunda inofambisa yakafamba mugore ndeye 15 km.

Mumakore achangobva kupfuura, chiyero chekufamba kwemagetsi ekuwedzera. Nzvimbo yeNorth Pole inofamba nekukurumidza kwema40 km pagore.

Kutendera maginiti masimu

Nzira yekushandura polarities pasi pano inonzi inversion. Masayendisiti anoziva, zvisinei, anenge masero zana, apo geomagnetic field yakachinja hupfumi.

Zvinotendwa kuti kupinduka kunoitika makore gumi nemaviri kusvika kune gumi nezviviri. Dzimwe shanduro dzinonzi 13, 500 uye kunyange 780 zviuru zvemakore. Zvichida kushandura hakune nguva yakajeka. Masayendisiti anotenda kuti pasi pezvakaitika kare, upenyu hwePasi hwakaramba huripo.

Vanhu vanozvibvunza mubvunzo uyu: "Tichatarisira rini kuchinja kunotevera mumapurisa?"

Chirwere chekuchinja chinenge chikaitika mukati mezana remakore rapfuura. Nzvimbo yeSouth Pole ikozvino iri muIndia Ocean, nechokumaodzanyemba chikepe chiri kuyambuka neActictic Ocean kuenda kuSiberia. Iyo magnetic field pedyo nemapuranga haina simba. Iyo kukanganisa kunopera.

Zvingangodaro, nehupenyu hunotevera huchaita pasi pano huchaenderera mberi. Mubvunzo chete ndewe, mutengo upi. Kana kudengenyeka kunoitika nekuparara kwemagnetosphere pasi pano kwenguva pfupi, inogona kuva nengozi kuvanhu. Nyika isina kudzivirirwa inotarisana nemigumisiro yakaipa yemasikati ekudenga. Mukuwedzera, kuderera kwe ozone yechando kunogonawo kutyisidzira.

Kuchinja kwemapuranga kune Sun, kwakaitika muna 2001, hazvina kutungamira kubvisa magnetic layer. Pachava nemamiriro ezvinhu akadaro pasi pano, masayendisiti haazivikanwi.

Kugadziriswa kweMagnetosphere Pasi pano: migumisiro pavanhu

Pakufungidzira kwekutanga, plasma yezuva haina kusvika kune magnetosphere. Asi pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, kupera kweplasma kunokanganiswa, uye magnetic shell inokuvara. Plasma yezuva uye simba rayo rinopinda mumagnetosphere. Nezvekuyera kwekuuya kwesimba rinoputika, pane zvingato zvitatu zvekupindura magnetosphere:

1. Mamiriro akadzikama emagnetosphere-iyo shell haisi kuchinja mamiriro ayo, sezvo kuwedzerwa kwekugadziriswa kwemhepo kwakanyanya kuduku kana kuenzana nehuwandu hwesimba rakapararira mukati memagnetic sphere.
2. Magnetic substor. Nyika iyo inomuka apo kuwedzerwa kwekuuya kwesimba kwakakwirira kudarika chiyero chekumira kwemavara, uye imwe simba rinopukunyuka kubva kumagnetosphere kuburikidza nemugwagwa unonzi shanduko. Izvi zvinosanganisira kubudisa chikamu chemagnetospheric energy. Chimiro chazvo chakajeka ndeye polar. Emissions ehuwandu hwemhepo inogona kuitika nehuwandu hwemaawa matatu munzvimbo dze polar dzese mbiri dzehemispheres.
3. Magnetic Dutu ndiyo nzira yekushamiswa kwakasimba kwebindu nekuda kwekukurumidza kwemaji kunobva kunze. Inonzi magnetic field inoshandurwawo zvakare pasi, munzvimbo ye equator.

Iyo magnetic field yePasi panguva iyo inoshandura inoshanduka kune imwe nzvimbo, uye munguva yemadutu kuchinja kuri pasi rose. Chero mamiriro ezvinhu, kuchinja uku hakuiti kudarika mazana mashoma, izvo zvishoma kudarika minda yakaitwa nevanhu.

Medicine inofunga kuti magnetic dutu rinokanganisa utano hwevanhu. Munguva iyi, nhamba yevarwere vane hutano hwepfungwa, kuora mwoyo uye mamwe matambudziko eurouropsychic anowedzera.

Iko huru basa reMagnetosphere Pasi munzvimbo dzose dziri panyika. Iri bhokisi rinodzivirira rinochengetedza pasi redu kubva kune dzimwe nzira dzisina kunaka uye kunokonzera mamiriro ezvinhu emamiriro okunze. Pasi pemugumisiro wekuchinja mumagnetosphere, kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, mararamiro ehupenyu nemhuka, nezvimwe zvakawanda kuchinja pasi.