Chii chinonzi motor neuron?

Iko motori neuron iseri iyo, zvakare, ndiyo inotarisira basa remisungo. Somugumisiro wekuparadzwa kwemasero akadaro, mutsvuku inoderedzwa uye yapera. Chirwere chemotokari yegeon chirwere chisingaregi chinotungamirira pakufa kwemurwere.

Zviratidzo zvechirwere

Murefu, ane moton neuron iri mumatanho ekutanga ekugadzirisa, haanzwi zviratidzo zvakajeka. Zvisinei, kune zvimwe zviratidzo zvokutanga zvekutanga kwechirwere: murwere ane utera mukati mehutumburu, zvinova zvakaoma kuti aende uye achichengetedza. Kakawanda kune matambudziko nekumedza. Zvakaoma kubata chimwe chinhu, kwete kunyange chakaremera. Nokufamba kwenguva, zviratidzo zvinowedzera kududzirwa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, motokari inonzi neuron inogona kuchinjwa kune rumwe rutivi, asi gare gare chirwere chinowedzera kusvika kumativi maviri. Mune vamwe varwere, chirwere ichi chinoratidzika sekumanikidzwa. Ichi chiratidzo chinoratidza kuti motokari yepamusoro neuron inokuvara. Mune huwandu hwevarwere vane chirwere ichi, kupera uye kushaya simba kunowanikwa chete pamaoko nemakumbo, asi mukuita, pane zviitiko zvekuderera kwemisungo yechiso nehuro, izvo zvinoita kuti uome kunzwisa. Vakawanda varwere, kunyange muzvikamu zvekupedzisira zvechirwere, vanochengetedza mano ekufunga zvakajeka. Chirwere ichi hachisi chetachiona kana chetachiona, hachikwanisi kutapukirwa kune vamwe, asi varume vanobva kune makore makumi mana kusvika makumi manomwe avo vanonyanya kufanana nemotokari yeuroni neuron. Chirongwa cheupenyu hwevanhu vane chirwere ichi chinowanzoenderana nekurarama kwehupenyu hwemunhu ane hutano. Masayendisiti akadzidza uye akawana kuti kune vanhu vatanhatu chete vanotambura nechirwere ichi ne100 000 vanhu.

Zvinokonzera chirwere chacho

Zvikonzero zvekuratidzwa kwechirwere ichi zvichiri kukakavadzana pakati peyanzvi vezvehutano. Somugumisiro, hapana mhinduro yakajeka yemubvunzo, uye hazvisanzwisisi chinokonzera chirwere ichi. Zvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana zviri mberi pamusoro pezvikonzero zvekutanga kwechirwere. Chimwe chazvo chinokonzera mavairusi, chepfu uye zvinhu zvinokuvadza munzvimbo. Chechipiri chinonzi chikonzero chizvarwa, kureva kuvapo kwechitenduko chemukati mumumhuri yemhuri imwechete.

Chirwere chemotokari inogona kuitika nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, uye inozviratidza pachavo nenzira dzakasiyana. Chinhu bedzi chinoramba chisina kuchinjwa munhoroondo yechirwere ndechekuti mhando dzose nemhando dzenzira yacho zvinoratidzirwa mukusvibiswa kwemotokari dzemakumbo emutsipa wepelinha neuropi. Mishonga yakanyanya neuron ndeye amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, primary lateral sclerosis, kufambira mberi kwemisisitiri atrophy, pseudobulbar kuparara, uye musipinha musori atrophy. Chimwe chinokonzera chirwere ichi muvana chinogona kunge chiri chirwere chetachiona chakashandurwa - chirwere cheporiyo kana chirwere chekushaya chirwere.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Ichi chimiro chemoto neuron chirwere. Iyo inomiririrwa neutera uye hutambo hwemasimba, kazhinji hunoonekwa mumaoko, asi kunewo zviratidzo zvinogona kuitika mumakumbo. Iko kutanga kwezviratidzo zvingave zvakasiyana, asi gare gare vanova vasina kukwana. Nekuwedzera kwechirwere, pane zviratidzo zvinoratidzika, zvinonzi motori neurons yemutsipa wepelinha zvakaderera, izvo zvinokonzera kusununguka kwemisungo yemuviri. Mukufamba kwechirwere ichi, mamwe mabasa chete anoramba asina kuchinja. Izvi zvinodzorwa kukwidzwa, kushamwaridzana kwemaziso eziso nekunzwisisika. Nhamba dzinoratidza kuti 50% chete yevanhu vane chimiro chechirwere ichi chinogona kurarama kwemakore makumi matatu, hafu yakasara inofa pakati pemakore matatu ne10, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekuwedzera kwechirwere.

Primary primary lateral sclerosis

Chimwe chimiro chemotokari yegeuroni. Chimiro chechirwere ichi chinopesana nekuputsika kwekucheka uye kumedza kudya, pamwe nekukanganisa kududzira. Zvinokonzerwa nezvinetso zvepfungwa, zvakadai sokusazvipira uye kusadzora kusaseka kana, zvakasiyana, kuchema. Vakawanda varwere vane fomu iyi havararami kwemakore matatu.

Progressive dorsal atrophy

Ikoko rudzi rwemotokari ye-neuron inowanzoitika kune vanhu vakuru chete, uye iyo inonzi sensitive car neuron inoramba ichinyatsogadzikana. Ichi ndicho chimiro chakavimbika kwazvo chechirwere. Zvinowanzoitika kune vanhu vanopfuura makore makumi maviri nemashanu uye mune 10% yezviitiko zvinotora nhaka.

Progressive bulbar palsy

Ichi chirwere hachina kufanana kupfuura chekare. Icho chiri pamwe chete nekukundwa kwemashure emusoro chete. Chirwere ichi chinoratidzika zvishoma nezvishoma uye chinotanga nekuderera kwemisungo, pamwe nemaspusms spasms. Ichi chirwere chinogona kugara kwemakore mazhinji, zvishoma nezvishoma zvichiita kuti murwere apedzise hurema.