Hydrochloric acid: muviri uye makemikari zvinhu, kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa

Iko yakanyanya hydrochloric acid inoshandiswa mumishonga yekuongorora, nokuti zvinorapwa zvinoparadzaniswa. MuHurumende Pharmacopoeia, pane mahwendefa chaiwo aunogona kugadzirisa nawo muzana weAic acid mumushonga wakanyanyisa. Kuti uite izvi, unongoda kuziva ruzivo rwaro .

Kushandisa matafura aya, zviri nyore kutarisa kuwanda kweiyi asidi mhinduro. Zvisanganiswa (zvisina kukwana zvakajeka) zvinogadziriswa zveasiti zvinogona kukurumidza kugadziriswa uchishandisa nzira dzakawanda. Semuenzaniso, kune hydrochloric acid nechisimba chakanyanya cha 1.19, kureva kuti, chine 37% HC1. Funga kuti unofanirwa kugadzirira 100 millilitres e 10% acid. Kuti uite izvi, chikamu chakakodzera chinofanira kuitwa: pane imwe neimwe zvikamu zana kuburikidza nekuyera kweHC1 iripo ine zvikamu 37 zve hydrogen chloride. Sezvo tichida kugadzirira 10% sarudzo, inofanira kunge ine zvikamu zvine gumi kuburikidza nekuyera mune zana zana remhinduro.

Nokudaro, munyaya iyi, X yakawanda inoratidza kuti zviyero zvakadini zvemazana 37 kubva muzana zvinogadziriswa zvinofanira kuendeswa kuti vadzidzise nemvura nemvura zana kusvika kuyerwa kuwana 10% solution:

100-37

X-10

X = 100 * 10/37 = 27 zvikamu zvine uremu.

Hydrogen chloride chinhu chinonyangadza chinogona kukonzera kupisa kwakanyanya, pamwe nekudhakwa kwehupenyu hwose. Sekudzivirira kwehupfu hweHC1, magnesia anopiswa anoshandiswa. Kuita kuti asidize asidi inogona kushandiswa zvakare uye mvura yakasapi, yakasvibiswa nemafuta emombe, mukaka, zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuvhara mazai.

Apo kusvibiswa kweasidhoni kuburikidza nemuromo hakugoni kurongedzerwa ma emetics, pamwe chete nemishonga inodhaka ine carbonic acid. Kana uine chepfu, dumbu rinoshambidzwa nehuwandu hwemvura uchishandisa probe. Migumisiro yakanaka inowanikwa nekuwedzera kumvura kusvibiswa kwe magnesium oxide. Mukuvapo kwekunze kupisa nemaaridhi, vanachiremba vanokurudzira nzvimbo yechiremera kwenguva yakareba kuti isuke nemvura. Nzvimbo yekutsva uye mutsara wayo yakanatswa ne ethanol yakachena, mushure mokunge gruel inotorwa kubva ku bicarbonate soda, uye pamusoro peiyo ndeyeta yewaini yegorosi.

Hydrogen chloride yakanyanyisa mumvura. Pa 0 ͦ C, imwe yemvura inoparadza mazana mashanu emafuta emhepo. Muchirapa, mumabhizimisi uye kunyange mumunyika yepasi rose, hydrochloric acid inowanzoshandiswa. Chirevo chayo chinomiririrwa neHygengen neHalogen-C1.

HCl inobudiswa mumakemikari makuru emabhizimisi kubva ku hydrogen chloride gasi inogadzirwa nemvura. Hydrochloric acid inowanikwa nekuita sulfuric acid pamwe chete munyu.

Kuyera kwekuyera

Pane zvimwe zvinoda:

- Hydrochloric acid inogadzirwa kwayo haifaniri kunge ine siri yesimbi yakakura, nitrogen, nitrogenous uye sulfuric acid, free chlorine uye arsenic;

- maitiro mashoma chete emasitiriti ematare anobvumirwa, kusvibiswa kwemasununguko C1 kunogona kuwanikwa nemhinduro: С12 + 2К1-2КС1 + 12;

- Kuti uone kusvibiswa kwe sulfuric acid, sarudzo yododini mu iodide ye potassium yakagadzirirwa nechinoridziro - sarudzo yemashizha, ruvara rwebhuruu rwemugadziro muhupo hwe sulfuric acid rinoratidzika mukati memaminitsi makumi matatu

- imwe nzvimbo yakasara iyo ichibuda 10 gramu yeasiti haifaniri kudarika 0.01 muzana (mineral impurity).

Iko kuongororwa kunowanikwa kuburikidza nekuisa mhinduro ye-caustic sodium pamberi pechiratidzo che methyl orange. Zvinyorwa zveHC1 mu acid zvinobvumirwa kuva 24.8-25.2%.

Hydrochloric acid inosanganisirawo chikamu chemvura. Semuenzaniso, mune gastric juice, inongororwa yakakwana kusvika ku5,5%, inobatsira kuparara kwemapuroteni. Diluted HC1 (8,2%) iyo inoshandiswa mukati mhenyu inobatsira kushandurwa kwe pepsinogen (proenzyme) mu pepsin, inowedzera basa rakavanzika repancreas, inobatsira kufamba kwemukati mukati memukumbo. Ane chirwere chinopesana nechokuita nehuwandu hwevirus uye spore microflora. Iyi asidi inochengetwa mukati uye yakaderedzwa acidity, nokuda kwekunwa kwedare mukurapa anemia.