Mafuta Engine nokuti Diesel injini ine turbocharger. Izvo mafuta Diesel injini pamwe turbocharging nani?

Kuumba turbocharged injini pamusoro Diesel huni, vagadziri vakaita pakasikwa gwenya peturu hakusi muduku muzvinhu zvose. Pakutanga turbochargers zvaishandiswa kuwedzera simba womukati injini muna Air Force mukuvamba ramakumi remakore. Nokuti motokari akapinda vakawanda kugadzirwa kusvikira 1978.

Zvisinei, pamwe zvakawedzera simba zvekuvaka injini kunodzikira. Naizvozvo, namafuta anokosha nokuda Diesel injini pamwe turbocharging.

Kweguyo musimboti oparesheni

Zvakaitwa injini inobva chiutsi simba. Kubva humburumbira, vari kutungamirirwa turbine impeller, kuti turbine rotates munhu compressor. Zvakaratidza kuti pano, kusiyana peturu michini, mhepo iri yaipiwa pasi yakakwirira kumanikidzwa. Bhuku mhepo iri humburumbira kunowedzera, uye ane inzwi vanokwanisa yokupisa huni ichiwedzerwa kusvika makumi maviri nezvishanu kubva muzana.

Kuti mhepo anopinda humburumbira zvikuru kushandiswa pakapfava - intercooler. It inotonhodza mhepo isati anopinda injini. Saka, unyanzvi mafuta zvinodyiwa ipfupi uye simba rwuchiwanzwa, riri kubudirira zvinenge pasina kuwedzera chikwata kukura uye uwandu muchichinjana.

Zviri pachena kuti Motors izvi zvinoda chaizvo nzira. MuRussia, vachiwedzera vatyairi vanosarudza kutenga zvakafanana setup. Asi kwete vose anoziva zvakanaka kushandisa Turbo Diesel. Chimboona mazano mashoma kukubatsira kuponesa kwenguva yakareba upenyu basa chikwata.

The mafuta pamwero inofanira kudzorwa

Motors All isakarurama kunokanganisa mafuta nzara. Zvisinei, nokuti Diesel injini namafuta Turbo wakakurira inokosha basa. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, zvavari lubricated kubereka turbocharger. Kana mvura pamwero iri pasi, vari nyore sousingabatsiri.

Naizvozvo, mafuta pamwero injini anofanira kuongororwa kakawanda sezvinobvira. Kana paine kuperevedza, zvakakodzera pakarepo kuita izvozvo. Uyewo, iva nechokwadi kuti azive mhaka nokukurumidza kuderera iri pamwero uye kururamisa nayo.

The unhu lubricating Urume

Mafuta Turbo-Diesel kuva yepamusoro-soro. Pachishandiswa chaizvo basa nayo achitamba muupenyu injini, zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti chenhando zvichaita chatichaita riri kunonoka rufu. Musakanganwa: murwiyo kuti peturu injini rakasiyana Diesel. Uyezve, hazvibviri kusanganisa dzakasiyana viscosity mafuta (parameter ichi, ona pazasi).

Zvimwe Mazano mukushanda Turbo Diesel

Heano mamwe mazano, asiri mafuta, asi kuti vanofanira kuitwa.

mafuta unhu zvinofanira kuva mukuru. Kana hazvina vakadaro, zvichaita kuzadza chinotsva hurongwa, uye simba uchaderedzwa. Somugumisiro, mashoko turbine kushanda panguva kunonyanyisa kumhanya, izvo kuchaderedza upenyu hwayo.

Kwete peregazovyvayte kana injini yacho yakatanga. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya vaya vasina kutanga hurongwa (chemabhazi). Kana chitiviri rikazvisundira kuti turbine mutoro parinoshandiswa, anotanga kuti tenderera, asi pasina mafuta, sezvo yokupedzisira haana nguva kuita. Izvi zvinotungamirira nokukurumidza kusakara nokusunungura mapfundo.

It akakurudzira akatasva panguva unosvikirwa nokukurumidza. Operation yakaderera aimhanya kwenguva refu akarambidzwa nguva. Mushure turbine rakagadzirirwa dzakakwirira zvinorema. Saka, nguva nenguva zviri zvinodiwa kuti zvifambe, uye panguva soro aimhanya. Saka vaonekere maitiro kunotangira kucheneswa, iyo anowedzera upenyu hwayo basa.

Haukwanisi kudzima injini pakarepo pashure kumisa, sezvo turbine impeller richaramba tenderera, uye Diesel injini mafuta ane Turbo kare kurega zvokudya kupinda hurongwa.

Zvikuru pamamiriro pakufamba pa simbe. Hafu yeawa kuti basa iri zvakakwana kuti 'kuuraya' injini, sezvo izvi zvaitika zakoksovka turbine. Rinogonawo kutanga mafuta vhinza kupinda sepombi, ndokusaka mashoko boka pisitoni dzoparara.

Panguva Chaiyo Nokuraramisa kunonyanya kukosha turbocharged Diesel injini. Izwi ndima yayo zvishoma pane mhepo yakapoteredza dzakabatana, sezvo mukuru mitoro zvinoda mafuta zvikuru matsva uye firita itsva.

Main unhu mafuta

Nokutenga ari mafuta, vatyairi tisasiya dzinoverengeka zviratidzo.

Chinonyanya kukosha parameter ndiro viscosity, ndiko kuti, kubuda mafuta wacho. It kunobva tembiricha. High viscosity indekisi rinoratidza zvishoma zvinochinja tembiricha nokufamba.

flashpoint anonzi nechiidzo, sezvamakaropafadzwa kana peya mharidzo pamoto mumhino.

Dururirai pfungwa iri yepasisa kana hazvisi chose anorasikirwa flowability (iri kuongororwa kana zvaidiwa sepombi).

Ichishanda, uye kuvapo yokuvirisa siyana kunoitika oxidation muitiro kana kuumbwa alkaline uye acidic zvigadzirwa. Murabhoritari kugadzirira uye vakaongorora zvachose chawo uye iine acid nhamba. Kubva zviratidzo izvi dzinobva dzemaitirwe mafuta neutralization.

garo girisi

In yayo mafuta-kwakavakirwa vari:

• chicherwa;
• semisynthetic;
• chakaita zvokugadzirwa.

Munguva ichangopfuura, vakawanda vatyairi vanosarudza muzvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemakemikari. Zvisinei, zvakanaka chicherwa lubricating Urume kukwanisa zvakakwana kurarama mabasa ari inodziya okunze. Asi kushanda yakaderera tembiricha zviri nani kwete kuenda. The mafuta rinoumbwa epetroleum zvigadzirwa.

Heano mamwe mafuta pamusoro Diesel injini ine Turbo-mhosva chicherwa-kwakavakirwa anonzi akanaka: Castrol GTX (siyana viscosity mamakisi), "Lukoil Vanguard Professional ari LA", "Lukoil Vanguard Ultra", "Suprotec Active Kugara", "Active Diesel Plus" uye vamwe.

Semisynthetics musanganiswa chicherwa uye chakaita zvokugadzirwa chawo. Chinogona kare kushandiswa gore rose. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti munhu Semi-chakaita zvokugadzirwa mafuta injini kuti turbocharged injini: Statoil MultyWay, "Lukoil Vanguard", Castrol Magnatec uye zvichingodaro.

Chakaita zvokugadzirwa garo chose chakagadzirwa. Ndicho kupfuura zvinodhura uye anonzi kuva nani yepamusoro. Asi zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti pacharo hakurevi Kuwanikwa chakaita zvokugadzirwa kwazvo unongotaura. Kuwedzera nechigadziko, nezvimwe chokuita parameters vanofanira kuonekwa.

Tinogona kutokurudzira zvinotevera mafuta chakaita zvokugadzirwa kuti Diesel injini pamwe turbocharging: ZIC XQ5000, Castrol Edge Sport, "Lukoil Vanguard Professional", Shell Helix Ultra uye nevamwe.

yokuvirisa

Kuwedzera Database, pane zvokuwedzera chaizvo kuti vanonzi yokuvirisa. Vari vakatenda kuvandudza ehupfumi kwemafuta. Yokuvirisa vari akasiyana Migumisiro:

• antioxidant howa kumisa oxidation muitiro;
• Washing - yakaidzwa muinjini;
• dispersants - kudzivirira paumbwe nemavhinga;
• anticorrosion firimu akaumba pamusoro zvikamu pasina kupa kuva ngura;
• Anti chimiro firimu chinodzivirira pechiso zvikamu;
• EP sika firimu kuti kunodzivisa cheek.

Uyewo pane yokuvirisa kuti kuderedza kudurura pfungwa, viscosity improvers, uye zvichingodaro. Ndinogona kushandisa vose? Chokwadika kwete. mafuta Motor nokuti Diesel injini pamwe turbocharging, uyewo mamwe mafuta anotova anodiwa zvinoriumba vari sezvamunoita yavo. Naizvozvo, kana kuti mari iri kushambadza makambani - Vagadziri yokuvirisa kana kwete, kugadzirisa muridzi motokari.

kupatsanura

Pane akasiyana classifications kuti lubricating zvinwiwa. Avo akasiyana viscosity mukirasi, kuita, seasonality.

Domestic kupatsanura ane dzaari vakokwa. Asi ivo inenge vatyairi havazivi. Vakawanda kupatsanura pakati mhiri kwemakungwa: SAE, API, ACEA uye CCMC. The yokupedzisira iri yomusi, asi unogona achiri kuwanikwa zvimwe zvinyorwa.

SAE

SAE rinoreva kushandiswa mafuta mumhepo tembiricha. Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, pane yechando uye shanu zhizha makirasi matanhatu vari. Winter kuzivikanwa tsamba W. epamusoro nhamba kirasi, dzakanga dziri mafuta viscosity. Zvinonyanyozivikanwa multigrade anonhuwirira. Vane Dual izita. Nguva dzose dzimwe mugadziri yakarumbidza mafuta injini kuti Diesel injini ine turbocharger. "Volkswagen" Somuenzaniso, anoenda Castrol kukuru. Tips dzinobva zvinoitwa injini mazano uye urongwa Vagadziri motokari uye mafuta pamwechete. Nokuti kirasi imwe neimwe ine kunonyanyisa viscosity.

Kupatsanura nokuda Diesel dzakabatana API

kupatsanura iyi yakatsunga yakavakirwa unhu: wakachena nouipi, uwandu chin'ai. The API lubricating mvura munzvimbo inotevera zvidzidzo.

S (Service), zvakakodzera mana neronda peturu injini.

C (Commercial) kuti Diesel michina ezvokutengeserana uye mumaindasitiri mhando, uyewo zvokurima uye kuvakwa michina.

Two-tsamba S kana C, A kuti L zvinoreva chikamu (pakutanga) uye pfuma pamwero (wechipiri). Chokupika dzakanga, achigura kubva pakutanga arufabheti ndiyo tsamba yechipiri.

SG / CD, SJ / CF - chinhu kirasi inoshanda kuti peturu uye Diesel injini.

EC - zvakanyanya simba-kuponesa unhu.

Ngationei kugara pachigaro lubricating Urume kuti Diesel dzakabatana. Ikodzere zvinotevera zvidzidzo:

• SS wakanyatsokodzera nokuti Motors nechiedza wedzera kana pasina zvakadaro.
• CD ndiro Diesel injini ine Turbo uchiraira uye yakakwirira nesimba yaida zvakafanira kumanikidzwa zvikuru uye antiscaling unhu. Somuenzaniso, boka iri mafuta yakakodzera Diesel injini ne Turbo "Toyota Diesel", RV Special.
• CE vanoda kuti simba turbocharger uye basa pasi kumusoro chaizvo mitoro. It rinoenderana mafuta injini kuti Diesel injini vane turbocharger uye particulate firita.
• CF inogona kuvhiyiwa munhu turbocharged motokari rori diesels.
• Cf2 - yapfuura abvume unhu kwakawedzera maviri sitiroko Diesel injini.
• CF4 ndiyo nani shanduro CE mukirasi.
• CG4 uye boka mutsva CH4 rinoenderana mafuta injini kuti rori Diesel injini pamwe turbocharging, izvo zvinoda zvikurukuru mutoro.

kupatsanura ACEA

Ichi European hurongwa, kugutsa zvikuru inoomesera zvinodiwa kuti injini miti pane yapfuura mumwe. Rine makirasi 12, izvo anoparadzirwa pamusoro 3 nezvipoka apo:

• Uye nokuti mhepo yakapoteredza injini;
• C - nokuti Diesel injini;
• C - nokuti Diesel michini, kukodzera kupinda Euro-4 zvinodiwa;
• E - nokuti zvebhizimisi Diesel injini.

The nhamba Mapato zvinoreva mwero zvinodiwa. Higher nhamba zvinoreva yepamusoro zvinodiwa. Kubva musi kupatsanura ichi, zvinokwanisika kuti "verenga" nemafuta akakodzera Diesel injini vane turbocharger uye particulate firita. Izvi Somuenzaniso, mvura lubricants dzekirasi C.

mhedziso

Pachishandiswa zvataurwa, zvinoreva kuti unofanira kutungamirirwa dzinoverengeka parameters, kusarudza mafuta injini kuti Diesel injini pamwe turbocharging. "Hyundai", "Honda", "BMW" uye "Mercedes": chero mugadziri anokurudzira vamwe mafuta muchiso. Zvisinei, ichi hachisi huru chakarurama pakusarudza mafuta. Huru dzokurumbidza, izvo zvinofanira kutevedzerwa - ndiko kuwana mafuta pamusoro parameters raanotaura kupatsanura pedyo mugadziri. Zvadaro, pasi nemitemo kushanda kwenyu Turbo Diesel kugara achashumira yose nguva muganhu.