Lexicon - ndiye nesayenzi kuti vanodzidza iine mashoko

Izwi iri Musoro ino, rine mbiri rinoreva. Definition kwemashoko kunogona chete zviviri-nzira: ichi mitauro chaiyo, uye kudzidza sainzi yake.

Chii duramazwi

Chokutanga, mashoko - mumwe vanochengeta mashoko imwe mutauro, chigadzirwa (mu iyi kutaurawo pamusoro thesaurus), murume. Mukupera nyaya, unogona vanowanzoona nenzira yakarongeka rokuti "mashoko".

Chechipiri, lexicology - kudzidzwa shoko. Vanogona kuongorora nemapoka mazhinji: zviri vakarinda kuona sei kuchinja mari vamapoka imwe mutauro, uye pamusoro sei zvakafanana kana siyana tumitauro pedyo, uye kuti mumwe nomumwe zviratidzo. vamwe vakawanda nyaya zvakare ikoko. Inesungano mashoko zvachose.

Logology

Shoko inogona kudzidzwa kubva kumativi akasiyana-siyana. Morphology muchifunga ayo zvivakamutauro zvinoreva, morphemics uye neshoko inotungamirwa - zvayo morphemic marongerwo uye muenzaniso. Lexicon - kudzidzwa shoko sezvo vakadaro: zvarinoreva, nhoroondo uye ukama nevamwe kwomutauro dzakabatana.

Shoko (kana lexical zvinhu, zviratidzo) mumutauro yakatsauka anonakidza, upenyu uye rinopindirana yazvo ino. Vamwe vavo chaizvo akafanana nevamwe mukati zvinoreva uye anowanzoshandiswa uchitsanangura (kwakafanana hurongwa), nepo vamwe vari pakatarisana zvaanoreva (nayo antonyms uye pedyo, zvakafanana zvinoshamisa mumatenga). Mumwe anogona pamwe mune chete wenyaya, vamwe saka dzinopikisana, kuti kushandisa kwavo rimwe rugwaro anotarira shamisa kana anosetsa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvakakodzera kushandisa chikwata oga, vamwe vanoshandisa hakumbogamuchiriki zvachose (nyaya idzi chakagadziriswa manyorero). Naizvozvo, sezvo mashoko yezvidzidzo sayenzi haisi mumwe shoko nomumwe, asi maitiro pacharo, nemitemo yayo, mitemo, mirayiro uye zvinogona.

Sections Mutauro

Sezvaunogona kuona, mashoko akashandiswa - icho sayenzi riine nzvimbo kufarira, saka ose pakona Kutarira shoko kana duramazwi hurongwa inoongorora chikamu chayo chinokosha. Chokutanga, pakati pavo onomasiology (sayenzi "kutumidza", kana "category"), semantics uye semasiology (mukati kwavari rinoongorora zvinoreva, ukoshi, ayo mamiriro), mitsara (zvidzidzo zvakafanana zita mitauro chakajairika), onomastics (kukurukura hunotovapo mazita ), iyo mabviro (kudzidza kwakabva mashoko), manyorero (iyo yambotaurwa) uye lexicography (tsananguro chinotarisa mashoko, rokunyora maduramazwi).

Vamwe zvikamu izvi tichaita kunyatsotarisisa munyaya ino.

mitsara

Mutauro - kudzidzwa kwete chete mashoko, asi anofambidzana kwakadaro uko kunobvumirwa kushamwaridzana simba. Izvi "kubatana" ndiko saka indivisible kuti ushande ari kutaura anenge ari ndima nemashoko. mubatanidzwa yakadaro inonzi Mitsara.

Zvakanaka vanoziva mashoko akadai seokuti "maviri mhando", "vadzime pasi mudende", "chipikiri imba kumbovadzinga" uye zvichingodaro. D. nomumwe mashoko ari Zvinoumba anofambidzana zvakadaro anenge arasika zvakunoreva. Kusaziva zvinorehwa phraseological Unit, kazhinji hazviiti kuti "ngavabude" kubva mashoko ayo constituent "zvikamu" (sezvo hazvisi chaizvo zviratidzo, nyanzvi dzemitauro dzinoti ndiko "chinoumba" phraseologism). Kazhinji idzodzo akadaro Kuvhiringidzwa vatorwa nokuda chokwadi kuti zvazvinoreva - hakusi vakaverenga zvichirehwa mashoko, asi, kana akakungurutsa kupinda mashoko munhoroondo kana zvimwe mufananidzo hwokudhirowa. Nhoroondo chidzoke Mitsara - mumwe zvikuru nevanhu uye anonakidza nzvimbo tsvakurudzo.

mubatanidzwa izvi zvakasimba, pamwe yaivapo zviratidzo, vari muna hwepedyo nomumwe uye lexical dzakabatana. Saka, kana tinotaura chaizvo duramazwi - kudzidza mashoko uye idioms.

Mabviro

Nhoroondo Its harisi chete phraseologism neumwe, asi chimwe nechimwe chiratidzo. Lexicon - kudzidza nechipo uye yapfuura mashoko. Mabviro anoona kwakabva mutauro dzakabatana. Nokuti vanachiremba mumunda ichi zvinokosha, nei mubatanidzwa uyu mazwi kamwe rakanga riri (ainzi) ichi kana kuti chinonakidza. Zvichida shoko rakanga kamwe akatorwa kubva mumwe mutauro? Kubva chii? Zvichida, pamusoro nguva chiratidzo saka akavhiringika, zvakatanga kuridza saka haana kufanana yepakutanga Shanduro yayo, kuti ano vezvenhau varega kuona ukama vayo mudzi shoko, akarega ziva kuti kunobva - inozivikanwa mudzi. Etymological zvinoreva (zvinoreva rave midzi muna chiratidzo panguva panowanikwa mumutauro) kazhinji chinoshamisa uye anogona anojekesa zvinorehwa lexical chikwata wechokwadi; chinowanzoonekwa kwete chete zvinoita kuti tifunge shoko, asi afungezve mafungiro avo kuti Chiitiko iyo rinoratidza.

Chero shanduro kwakabva shoko rinofanira kubva pamusoro masterly ruzivo nezvenhoroondo mutauro. Zvinosuruvarisa mumakore achangopfuura, pasinei kukura wemitauro nhoroondo data, pane zviitiko zvemasanga kududzirwa yokuberekwa zviratidzo. Kazhinji unprofessional etimologizirovanie anoshanda ideologues mudziyo kuti aunganidze "nesayenzi" nokuda kwavo mumagariro uye enyika pfungwa.

Semantics uye semasiology

Senzira semantics ari mashoko - sayenzi zvinoreva shoko. "Sema" - vamwe zvishoma zvinhu zvaanoreva. Meaning nechimwe chiratidzo - zviri rakasiyana mubatanidzwa wavo. Zvinonyanya dzinonakidza kuenzanisa nemamiriro zvinorehwa nemashoko vezera kubva mumitauro. Musiyano pakati marongerwo Zvinoumba izvi zvishoma zvinhu zvichireva pachena kwete chete kuratidza sei zvakasiyana akafanana Pakutanga, shoko tumitauro siyana, asi pachena sei siyana nemafungiro vanhu avo vaigona 'wekuvamba ".

Chokwadi, pasinei "specialization" vose mapazi aya sayenzi chokuita mumwe uye kudzidza, mune chokwadi, mumwe Fani, pfungwa kumativi ayo zvakasiyana, uye kunosanganisira nzira dzakawanda kunoita mutauro mumwe kunakidza uye kukurumidza kuwedzera munzvimbo wemitauro.