Lev Kuleshov: Biography uye pikicha

Nyaya ino inotsanangura Biography uye basa Lev Kuleshov. Muupenyu hwake, iye akakwanisa kuwana screenwriter, mudzidzisi, chiremba Art History uye vanhu Artist yeSoviet Union. Uyezve, airidza basa rinokosha iri kudzidza specificity ose filming uye fora ounyanzvi.

chikuru date

Lev Kuleshov akararama inopenya uye zvinonakidza upenyu, huzere zviitiko. Iye kakawanda kusunungurwa mabhuku autobiographical, zvakanakisisa kuzivikanwa pakati pavo akasvika "Cinema Art" uye "sei ndava mukuru," uyewo anoverengeka nyaya mumagazini inonzi "Bulletin mu Cinematography", chinangwa chikuru chakanga kuratidza vaverengi ake hwokudhirowa ruzivo.

Pamabasa ake, Kuleshov yakanga pfungwa kuti mutambi uye zvayainge vakaenzana, uye kakawanda, vapedzisira kutamba chinotokosha zvikuru basa. Somugumisiro, chikuru munhoroondo mubishi rakasikwa firimu kunyange mutungamiriri uye mifananidzo. Ndokusaka kana wekambani asina afunge unyanzvi hwakakwana, iwe havazombokwanisi kusika vakadzikama mabasa.

Somuenzaniso, Leo anotaura nyaya apo chena hairpin kugadzirwa musoro pamusoro musikana vakapamba zvose pfungwa vachiridza vatambi Playing dzakapoteredzwa zvandakaona kuti vatema vherevheti. Aidavira kuti firimu anongofunga kutarisana, achiita Arts, saka ndicho yokudhirowa-mukuru zvinofanira kuita basa guru mukuita kuti firimu.

Learning

Kufanana nababa vake, uyo akafa muna 1911, Leo nokukurumidza akanzwa kukara yakaisvonaka uye kufarira yakaisvonaka Arts, asi kuti ndifambire mberi kwayo Kunyatsoongorora Lev Kuleshov aigona chete pashure akanga muna 1914 naamai vake uye hanzvadzi vakatamira kurarama muMoscow. Ikoko, pashure ichingoshanya kune unyanzvi Studio, akasarudza kudzidzira kunyora uyewo vemifananidzo makuru, uye anotanga kutora zvidzidzo kubva yokudhirowa-mudzidzisi I. F. Smirnova. Panguva nokudzidziswa akakwanisa kwete chete kuti vade Leo dzekare painting, asi kuti kudzidza kusiyanisa kunoshamisa basa mudzidzi. Rakanga riri kurumbidza kwacho ari mudzidzisi Kuleshov uye kuverenga bhuku rake rekutanga enyika wezwi, akadai "Capital" Karla Marksa uye Lenin uye zvinyorwa Plekhanov vake.

Pashure pokupedza kurovedza nomumwe, akapinda yakakurumbira Moscow School of Painting, apo kare vakadzidziswa baba vake kwete chete, asiwo mudetembi yakakurumbira Vladimir Mayakovsky, uyo akapedza zvishoma apfuura. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti naye panguva Kuleshov gare gare vakaumba ushamwari hwakasimba.

mhuri

Hapana munhu ari mumhuri haana pfungwa sei murume kunoshamisa achava Lev Kuleshov, ane upenyu pachake yakazara guru zviitiko. Akaberekwa musi January 1st (Rekare) 1899 muna Tambov. baba vake, Vladimir Sergeyevich, aibva vanokudzwa mhuri varombo. Pane imwe nguva, kuteerera vabereki, Vladimir anouya kudzidza wakanaka hwemashiripiti pachikoro ichocho Moscow, izvo acharamba kudzidza uye mwanakomana wake Leo.

Ndapedza, iye, zvinosuruvarisa haana kukwanisa kutanga basa mumunda kupenda uye akaenda kubasa anopfuura mwero chinzvimbo Tambov remingtonista kanzuru yepasi. Kutaura zvazviri, iye zvikabatanidzwa mafungiro maviri kamwe, uye akanga ari mumwe mabharani uye mutaipi. Panguva iyoyowo kuda okugadzira zvinhu zvakamutungamirira kutanga kuitei kupembedza nguva mufananidzo wako ruoko-yakavhomorwa. Mother Lion Pelagia Alexandrovna vaipfeka zita musikana Shubin. Achiri muduku yaaipedza ari nherera, pashure nokubudiswa chiri kumusoro muchato vaishanda mumusha somudzidzisi. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti yake asian akaita panguva baba vake, vachiri yakarembera mufurati Lev Kuleshov. Zvinofadza kuti Kuleshov aiva Mukoma Boris, uyo akafa panguva Second World War.

chido mitambo

Kufanana vakawanda vanhu okusika, Lev Kuleshov haana kutiza chido yemitambo.

Kunyange kuva mboni the artist-mudzidzisi I. F. Smirnova, akakwanisa kuzoshanda pakasikwa girl kuti mumwe mabasa kutamba "Eugene Onegin" nokuda yemitambo Zimin, asi nekuda yakazvimirira basa iri yemitambo Kuleshov, haina kuzivikanwa panguva iri afunge yeChina, saka hapana akakokwa. Ndokusaka, pasinei ake kuita zvose, Kurota chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo basa uye akakundikana miviri.

Early basa

Kuleshov Lev Vladimirovich kutanga akasangana kinodeyatelnostyu muna 1916, apo iye akakwanisa basa decoration rokupenda ari firimu Studio A. Khanzhonkov. Not yokupedzisira basa rakanga reDare mai mumwe vokuchikoro ake, uyo akatanga filmmaker Leo patronage A. Gromov, vanotova akamubatsira kuti firimu Studio. Ndiyo apo tarenda rimwe jaya akakwanisa dhipuroya zvakazara simba. Vachitungamirirwa mukuru Evgeniya Bauera, uyo akasangana kubasa, Leo nokukurumidza anonzwisisa zvinokosha munhu basa idzva. Mune rimwe remabhuku ake autobiographical Kuleshov anotaura kuti basa pamwe Bauer akanga yakasiyana kushanda nevamwe vatungamiriri, sezvo unfettered okugadzira zvinhu pamusoro Leo, vachibvumira mukomana kuti zvakazara anoratidza tarenda ravo.

Mune ramangwana, kushanda nevamwe vatungamiri nenzira Kuleshov kuti waivako kwazova rume hunhu. Pasinei nokuti panguva iyoyo aiva nemakore 18 chete okuberekwa, iye akatotanga zvishoma nezvishoma kutora rokutanga matanho kuti vave yako manyorerwo kana waita firimu girl.

Kubudirira yokutanga

Pasinei kuvapo kwavo dzidziso mumunda kupfura firimu, Lev Kuleshov, ane mafirimu richaramba nevakawanda zvikuru, yakaramba chikuru vaiita. Saka, pakutanga kwake basa, anoisa pamwe firimu kutungamirirwa V. Polonsky, rinonzi "Rudo Song Nedopetaya". Zvisinei, zvinosuwisa, firimu iri firimu haana rakapona kusvikira nhasi.

Muna 1918, anoisa firimu rake rinonzi "Project Engineer Prayta". Zvinosuruvarisa, basa iri akaramba ndima, asi ari Tera zita Kuleshov rinotaurwa kaviri: vaviri sezvo mutungamiriri uye sezvo emhizha. Anoedza kuratidza zvatinosiita simba uye utano vanhu vanogara munyika chaiyo, saka akawanda chiito firimu yakanga filmed mumafekitari, njanji dzemapurisa nemasangano edzidzo. Nguva pfupi pashure firimu wakabuda, iye anowana basa panguva Kuleshov kinofotootdele Narcompros sezvo musoro Chikamu firimu fora uye Panguva Kumutungamiriri newsreels.

The mafirimu dzakakurumbira

Zviitiko Kuzarurwa mune zvematongerwe enyika muna 1918-1920, akawana zvinoratidza chaiyo iri mifananidzo, ayo filmed Lev Kuleshov. Filmography yake yakakura. The yakakurumbira newsreel matepi:

• "Nyaya zvisaririra Sergiya Radonezhskogo".
• "Revision of Central Executive Committee iri Tver province."
• "Ural".
• "The First All-Russian basa zuva."

In pakati filming kufirimu "On the Red Front" uye "The hunoshamisa Adventures pamusoro Mr. West muna Kunyika Bolsheviks," Kuleshov, vakanga vakabudirira yakasimbiswa pacharo somunhu mukuru, Anokwanisa kusika yayo kinomasterskuyu, nyora zvinoverengeka nyaya uye basa somudzidzisi rehurumende firimu chikoro.

chinokudza

Pasinei chokwadi kuti Lev Kuleshov filmed yakawanda zvake mafirimu, ake chaiwo rokusika kutora-kure chakaitika chete pakuguma kwake directorial basa:

• 1933 - "The Great muyananisi."
• 1942 - "The kwezvawakapikira Katya" Muchiitiko nokuda A. P. Gaydara.
• 1943 - "Tiri kubva Urals."

Muna 1941, zvikuru basa Kuleshov rinonzi "Basics of Film kutungamirira" yakabudiswa, iro rakashandurirwa mumitauro yakawanda wokumwe uye aiva chinokosha kwakabatsira kukura cinematic muitiro.

Pashure paizvozvo, Leo anosarudza kuzvipira kudzidzisa pana VGIK, kuitira kuti vakwanise kudzidzisa unyanzvi vaduku vatungamiriri kuita mafirimu.

Kuleshov kushanda

Kana munhu aigona kuva zvakananga kukanganisa firimu kupfura unyanzvi, saka zviri Lev Kuleshov, kugadzwa iyo kekutanga kubvumirwa kubatanidza aparadzane atora nezvimedu mumwe pavanoparidza chiso chomunhu vanonzi kuona uye kunzwisisa zvinoverengeka manzwiro akasiyana. Pfungwa iyi anonzi "Kuleshov Kunoita" iri cinematic nyika.

Papera Kufungisisa migumisiro kwaisanganisira kuti vanoverengeka inzwi seari pamusoro ziso, uye iyewo, ari polyphonic uye zvichienderana noruvara munzira dzakasiyana vakaratidza kugutsikana kwavo.

mhedziso

Muupenyu hwake, Kuleshov akagashira inoverengeka vanokudzwa mibayiro, dzakakora uye dhigirii nesayenzi:

• Doctor of Arts.
• Vanhu Artist yacho RSFSR.
• The Order of Lenin.
• Order of Red Banner of Labor.

Mumakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake Lev Kuleshov vanosarudza uine wake Aleksandroy Hohlovoy. Akafa musi waMarch 29, 1970, uye akavigwa Novodevichy kumakuva (1 nzvimbo, rechi14 mutsara).