Labor Dzidziso kukosha uye utility dzidziso - ari kunyanyisa maviri rwose

Wati wambofunga pamusoro chii rinotungamirirwa Vagadziri nenhumbi nokuzvisarudzira vamwe mutengo? Zviri pachena kuti ivo kufungawo mutengo zvibereko vakwikwidzi ayo, asi ipapo vakwikwidzi vane chinhu kufamba. Tinogona kutaura kuti avo Pricing gwara kunoenderana maitiro vatengi. Eya, hunobata chisarudzo mutengi?

Labor Dzidziso ukoshi

Wokutanga kuedza kutsanangura chii chinoratidza kukosha zvimwe zvinhu, waiva umwe kupfuura Adam Smith. Akati haana kuti sirivha nendarama zvaiva pakutanga vawana zvose fuma yenyika, asi chete kushanda. With ichi zvakaoma chaizvo kwete kubvumirana. The basa Dzidziso ukoshi yambokurukurwa mberi murugwaro V.Petti, Ricardo uye, chokwadi, Karl Marx.

nezvoupfumi izvi vaidavira kuti mutengo upi chigadzirwa kusikirwa musika mukutsinhana kunobva basa chiyamuro vanoenderana kwayo kugadzirwa. Izvi ndizvo kutsunga chinjanai zvikuru. Panguva iyoyowo basa pacharo angava akasiyana. Vapiwa hapana zvinodiwa uye, Ukuwo, achitsive. Kana zvapedzisira kunoda nokudzidziswa risati, mumwe ruzivo uye unyanzvi, zvinonzi aikoshesa zvishoma yepamusoro. Izvi zvinoreva kuti awa rimwe basa nenyanzvi inogona kuenzaniswa maawa mashoma nyore mushandi. Saka, basa dzidziso inokosha inoti kuti mutengo nenhumbi achabviswa pakutsvaga zvakakodzera munzanga (paavhareji) mutengo nguva. Uyu dzoga tsanangudzo? Zvakaratidza kuti hapana!

Dzidziso shoma utility

Fungidzira kuti iwe ambopedza nguva mugwenga, uye upenyu hwenyu hunotsamira vashoma sips mvura inopa upenyu. Panguva iyoyo une ane miriyoni madhora mari. Nokuti mutengo ichi, kuti muzvinashawo akasangana inopiwa kutenga kwaari achipisa, nechirongo chemvura yakachena chando. Munobvuma kuti kuchitsinhanisa kwakadaro? Mhinduro yacho iri pachena. Non-basa dzidziso kukosha, vakatanga zvakanga D. Böhm-Bawerk, uye Wieser F. Menger, anoti kukosha zvinhu uye mabasa hakubvi pakutsvaga mari basa uye mari zvepfungwa pane mutengi, mutengi anobatsira zvinhu. Kana uchifunga nezvazvo, mashoko aya rine zvimwe chokwadi. Zvechokwadi, munhu rinofungidzira kuti zvimwe zvikomborero, zvichienderana nemamiriro avo ezvinhu muupenyu. Uye kuzviitira kukosha chete chigadzirwa sezvo ayo kutora kunoderedza. Somuenzaniso, muna richipisa, tinosarudza vandozvitengera aizikirimu, anoridya, tingada kutenga wechipiri uye kunyange wechitatu. Asi wechina, rechishanu nerechitanhatu havazofaniri kuva ukoshi yakadai wokutanga. Labor Dzidziso ukoshi kutsanangura maitiro akadaro haagoni uye utility dzidziso kurarama nayo nyore.

Pfungwa kudiwa uye kugoverwa (neoclassical chikoro)

Vamiriri ichi kuitika, muvambi raiva Economist huru Alfred Marshall, akaona kukosha tsanangudzo muzvirevo rimwe-sidedness uye takasarudza kupinda maviri kare anotsanangurwa kusvika. In kwavo Dzidziso kukosha zvinhu zvinogona kurondwa zvakajeka kubva pakuedza kuwana chimwe tsime chigadzirwa mitengo. Kubva pfungwa nemaonero A. Marshall, kukurukurirana pamusoro chii nokudzorwa mutengo - mari kana utility - yakaenzana nharo pamusoro sei chaizvo chipande (repamusoro kana kudzika), chigero akacheka mapepa. Neoclassicism vanodavira kuti kukosha hazvo iri pakutsvaga ukama mutengi uye mutengesi. Naizvozvo, vane pakutanga ndiwo zvinokonzera kuti rive uye kudiwa. Nemamwe mashoko, kwakakura kukosha kunoenderana nhamba mari yacho mugadziri (mutengesi) uye nevatengi mari (mutengi). reshiyo Izvi vakaenzana, uye mumwe divi inofungidzira kukosha ichi yazvo nzira, kufungisisa vaifanira zvinoita basa mumwe.