La Boheme - chii ichi? Zvinoreva uye nhoroondo kwakabva kutaura.

Chii Songaniro chaunacho neshoko "bohemian"? Ndiyo nzira youpenyu uye manyorerwo, zita dhanzi kana iri izwi rinogona kunan'anura dzakananga boka revanhu? Kuti tinzwisise zviri nani zvinorehwa neshoko iri, zvinokosha kutanga zvishoma Dip munhau ...

First paiva "wechigypsy"

Chokutanga, senguva dzose, ishoko uye shoko raiva - "wechigypsy". Zvinoita sokuti shanduro kubva pashoko French "boheme". Zvakangotanga yakatanga chokwadi kuti Paris pakutanga pamusoro XV remakore rokutanga rweAustro-Hungary town muBohemia yakasvika kusvikira kumboitika French, vakasununguka uye nomufaro yorudzi vechiGypsy. Sezvo Roma akararama kare?

Ndivo marudzi anongofamba chokuzvisarudzira vanhu, kwete kuti aparidze zvatinosiita kuti vagari European muchinyatsongwarira zveupfumi nemagariro evanhu dzemitemo uye mitemo. Panguva iyoyo Parisian tsika uye tsika nevagari matsva vakaita guru pfungwa. Uyewo, Roma kunge vachinzwisisa kukwanisa siyana ounyanzvi: zvakakwana vaiimba, vachitamba, akaratidza mazano akasiyana. Kazhinji, hazvibviri vanorovha aiva navo.

VokuParis akadana eccentrics muBohemia, musoro nharaunda, kubva apo vakauya, uye kubva ipapo tsanangudzo iyi iri zvakasimba dzikavaka matendere mitauro yakasiyana avanhu, rinoratidza vanhu yakasununguka, runochengeta upenyu. Asi bohemian ano - ichi hakusi vechiGypsy. Chinorevei shoko iri zvino?

Kunyora Anri Myurzhe

Zvino zvinhu zvaiva seizvi: muna 1851 muFrance akauya munyika mabhuku Anri Myurzhe akadana "Zvinhu kubva Life weBohemia." Uye vatambi mubhuku rino havana Roma, uye vaduku uye varombo vagere Latin Quarter: vemifananidzo, vatambi uye vadetembi.

Izvi okusika vechidiki sezvo asina yakarongwa muupenyu hwezuva nezuva, sezvinoita rudzi vechiGypsy, vanotora zvakasiyana nzvimbo uye zvokudya zvakanaka chinyakare hupenyu bourgeoisie French. Kune rumwe rutivi - ndivo chikamu kushanda vanhu, asi pane dzimwe - achiri hazvigoni iri kugara chokusawirirana nzanga mupfumi.

Zvadaro, kwakavakirwa zvakanyorwa Anri Myurzhe Dzhakomo Puchchini akanyora dhanzi "La Boheme", akunda mukurumbira guru munyika yose. Gare gare munyori Imre Kalman, Achivakira nyaya "Mifananidzo Bohemian Life", yakabudiswa muna chiedza operetta "Violet pamusoro Montmartre". Kubva zvino, shoko "bohemian" achinja zvikuru.

The ano kududzirwa mashoko

Asi kana pezvatinotaura zvarinoreva iri pamazuva edu, kuti bohemian - ichi hachisi pakunzi unyanzvi asi murombo uye harimboonekwi Artists vapanduki. Nhasi, izwi iri kazhinji akaita kushandisa kana totaura zvikuru yakakurumbira, vapfumi, panguva imwe chete, vamiririri kunoshamisa siyana nezvemaitiro panguva unyanzvi.

Zviri, asi rudzi vepamusoro munzanga yedu, inozivikanwa fashoni vagadziri, vaimbi, firimu vatambi, vatungamiri, playwrights, Painters, vanyori uye vadetembi. bohemian mararamiro avo pave yakawanda makuhwa uye anoshumira dzose replenishment nokuda zvikuru nevanhu uye scandalous mumabhuku magazini anokwezva.

Russian muBohemia

Zvino ndinoda kutaura pfungwa "Russian muBohemia" pamusoro. Mashoko aya anoreva kuti vamiririri rokusika intelligentsia wokuRussia Silver Age. chido chavo unyanzvi rusununguko aiva harbinger vechimurenga kuuya. Hedzino zvishoma mazita vamwe chakajeka vamiririri Russian bohemian Sergei Yesenin, Anna Akhmatova, Marina Tsvetaeva, Maximilian Voloshin, Valentin Serov, Konstantin Korovin, Valeriy Bryusov, Vera Hlebnikova, etc ...

In pre-echimurenga makore, zvakanga zvichiri zvikuru vechidiki, vachitsvaka kusika-siyana okusika mibatanidzwa. Vakanga vachitsvaka zvitsva siyana okuti uye sevatsvene vaidavira kuti chimurenga achasika mutsva, akasununguka murume. Naizvozvo, vose vaifanira kuenda kuburikidza kugumbuswa, sezvo neunyengedzi vaiva zvisingaitiki.