Kuwanda pensioners muRussia: nhamba

Pamudyandigere akataura munhu anowana mugove kubva State chokuita kubudirira munhu akarongwa zera, kugamuchira urema, mudyandigere kana akapona kuti zvakanakira mushure rechiuto. Maererano wevanotungamirira matambudziko munyika dzakawanda vanotaura kudiwa kuchinja munharaunda iyi. Kuwanda pensioners yokuRussia iri kukura zvishoma nezvishoma, zvakanga 35 163 000 vanhu 2015. Ichi 24% vomuUmambo zvose Russian. Saka, muna 2015, vanhu 1000. kushanda-zera vemo nezvokuvandudzika 411,7 pensioners.

chechinyorwa chenhoroondo

Kokutanga akatanga kubhadhara pensions kuti vakuru Navy. Izvi zvakaitika muna 1673 muFrance. Waifarirwa mudyandigere hurongwa yakatanga chinozoiswa muGermany makore 200 gare gare, muna 1889. In youmambo nguva, hakuna akaonekwa Russia. Mudyandigere akagamuchira chete vamwe Mapato varanda echiuto uye vehurumende. Legislating waifarirwa maitiro akanga chete USSR. Muna 1930 zvakanzi akasimbisa mudyandigere zera: makore 60 - varume, 55 - vakadzi.

Mhando mudyandigere nehurongwa

Pane nzira dzakawanda mari zvikomborero zvakadaro. Zvinotevera zvokuzvivaraidza mudyandigere gadziriro vangazivikanwa:

• Distribution. Kwakavakirwa evanhu inishuwarenzi. Kunosanganisira mubatanidzwa nomunhu uye seboka zvinhu.
• NDC. Kwakavakirwa wevanotungamirira uye macroeconomic mamiriro ezvinhu munyika. Panyaya iyi, kuti mudyandigere akatsunga pachishandiswa zvimiso mari uye upenyu anotarisirwa.
• Mari. Pasi ino, kuti mudyandigere anoenderana mubairo, mari vachipinda yoga nyaya. Kusiyana wambotaurwa hurongwa, zvose kunobva chaiye, kwete notional mari. The mushandi ane kodzero yokusarudza mudyandigere Fund, umo iye anoita mari.

Munyika

Munyika dzakawanda, mudyandigere zera iri makore 65. Mune dzimwe nyika, kuti EU uye US vari kuramba kutaura nezvokukosha kuchisimudza nokuda "kukwegura" marudzi. Zvinofungirwa kuti zera pamudyandigere nokuda 2060 kuchawedzera makore 70. MuGermany, uchida kuita kudaro munguva yemberi iri pedyo. Sezvo nhamba pensioners kuwedzera kuRussia, dzimwe nyanzvi nezvezviyeuchidzo tinofanira kushandura nyika yaivapo yokuwana zvikomborero hurumende zera.

Munguva Russian Federation

Musi waJanuary 1, 2015 yakatanga itsva mudyandigere wemuTesitamende Russia. Chine zvenyaya kuchengetera, inishuwarenzi uye vimbiso wavanobhadhara. Muna 2015 nhamba pensioners mu Russia zvasvika vanhu mamiriyoni 43. A rinokosha anopiwa mudyandigere, uwandu Iyo iduku pane shoma mubayiro akasimbisa kuti akakodzera zera boka. Kunyanya njodzi Mamiriro ezvinhu vanhu vasina mubayiro makuru maererano kudikanwa vatarisire hama vanorwara.

Russia ndiyo maviri weDanho hurongwa. Vagari vanogona kusarudza pakati mudyandigere Fund uye asiri ehurumende vatambi. Two Mhando zvinobatsira kunogonawo dzoga. Ivo zvisingapindirani kunobva zvavo mari. Ndicho chikuru mhando basa pensions. Right kwavari unovapo panyaya kubudirira womumwe zera kana urefu basa. The mhando mudyandigere yechipiri vanobhadharwa mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Somuenzaniso, basa rechiuto, kushanda vatevedzere mutemo.

Statistics: Nhamba pensioners Russian

Senior Vagari muna Russian Federation inochengetedza Constitution, izvo anovimbisa kuti mamiriro rutsigiro. kodzero dzavo anoita dzinoverengeka dzakawanda zviridzwa vakagamuchirwa muUnited Nations. Kuitira kuvandudza upenyu vagari vakuru Russian Federation akaita vava nhamba nzira dzinokosha magwaro Hurumende, uyewo normative nomutemo mabasa RF nyaya.

Mazwi rokuti pensioners zvingasiyana zvishoma. Zvisinei, vakawanda kuchiitwa classifying chavagari boka iri zera racho: Varume - makore 60 vakadzi - makore 55. Uwandu pensioners yeRussia kuti 2016 ndiro 35 986 000 vanhu. Ichi 24.6% of zvachose vakawanda, 0,6% kupfuura muna 2015. Mumakore gumi mutoro pamusoro anobatwa zera vemo yakawedzera zvinooneka. Kana muna 2006, vanhu 1,000 akanga 326,7 pensioners, ipapo muna 2015 - 411,7.

Kuwanda vanhu vanoshanda zera yakawedzera nokuda kuwedzera upenyu anotarisirwa. Uyezve, iyi muitiro ndizvo kuti aroorane. Zvisinei, rufu mwero varume mudyandigere zera vachiri yekudyidzana kupfuura vakadzi. Uye pakakoromoka ichi kuramba kuwedzera. Zvinotarisirwa kuti muna 2031 vachava 42.324 sezvo zviuru pensioners mu Russia. Ichi 28.7% of zvachose kwevanhu. The kushurudzira inoratidza kuti 1000 vanhu yokushanda zera achava chikonzero 533,8 pensioners.

Nhamba isiri kushanda pensioners muRussia

Muna 2017, bhiri iri kutarisirwa, maererano chikamu kushanda zera vanhu haangazodzingi kugamuchira zvavaisiita kubatsira hurumende. Kuchinja zvinogona kurondedzera chete kune vaya vanoramba kushanda pamudyandigere. Mukuwedzera, kwete zvose, asi chete chiduku chikamu - vanhu vane mari kupfuura rubles miriyoni imwe.

Nhamba kushanda pensioners muRussia yakaderera nezvikamu 36% panguva yokutanga chikamu 2016. Kana muna 2015 kwakanga mamiriyoni 15, ikozvino 9.6 chete. Somugumisiro, hurumende kwete chete akatadza kuponesa pamusoro kurambirwa indexation pamusoro pensions, asi aifanirawo govera chimwezve kuchinjirwa kune inishuwarenzi zvairayirwa. Kana isu funga kuti pensioners vakawanda muRussia akaramba kushanda kuti zvino nhamba iri kuramba ichiwedzera. Muna 2014, 34,9% vanhu vanoshanda zera akanga basa. Pakati hukuru zvikonzero rinosunda vakwegura kuti basa:

• Kushaya mari.
• Kudiwa yokukurukura.
• Chido kuti mamwe nemari.
• Chido rusununguko zvemari.
• Kufarira basa rinoitwa.
• Tsika.

Saka, muenzaniso Ongororo yokushanda pensioners muzvinhu edzidzo, utano uye zvemagariro mabasa anoratidza kukosha evanhu chido zviri simba basa vanhu pasi pemakore vakaremara. Zano iri rinokosha kwete chete vanhu asiwo nyika yose, sezvo Russia rinoreva "kukwegura" marudzi.

Dzinoratidzwa katsika kuwedzera basa kuti pensioners uye nokuda EU uye OECD nyika. Kana washanda muna 2014, muna 2004 chete 26% makore 60 kusvika 65 makore - kare 35.3%. MuRussia, mufananidzo uyu zvishoma yakaderera. Munguva ino boka muna 2013,% chete 30 vakaramba kushanda. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti tinogona kuwedzera mari basa pensioners.

Muchiuto bhora

Rinozivisa mapoka akawanda evanhu anobatsirwa iyo accrues neimwe kuitira. For pamudyandigere muchiuto, kunze vaya vakashumira vari Armed Forces of Russian Federation, uyewo dzakakora muganhu varindi, vemoto, mapurisa uye dhipatimendi mapurisa. mumwe kuwedzera zvinobatsira avo vakaronga kubva October 2016. Nhamba pamudyandigere vechiuto muna Russia ndiyo, maererano Defence Ushumiri, vanhu mamiriyoni 1,1. Paavhareji kubatsira chikamu ichi kwavanhu kumativi 20 zviuru rubles.

mari matambudziko

Kuwanda pensioners muRussia gore negore yakawanda uye vachiwedzera zvikuru. Somugumisiro, mutoro uri anobatwa zera vagari ari kuramba achiwedzera. The chenjera kuperevedza budgetary mari kunotungamirira kuti dzimwe nyanzvi anopa yakakura mhinduro ndiyo abolition pakati pensions vanhu vanoramba kushanda. Zvisinei, apo gwaro hunongotaura avo vanhu vane mari kwazvo miriyoni remadhora. Chimwe mhinduro chingava kumutswa zera vakaremara. Nhasi, hapana rairambidzwa kuripwa pensions kuti vashandi.