Kushandurwa kwekodzero: mienzaniso. Mutoro wekupomerwa kwekodzero

Zvinonzi zvichishandurwa sezvo vechinyorwa kunze komutemo kubereka kana kuparadzirwa zvinhu kuti runochengetedzwa Copyright :. Music, mabhuku, software, mafirimu, etc. Kodzero vaiva rezvedzidzo pfuma runochengetedzwa mutemo munyika dzakawanda.

Chii chinonzi "piracy" uye counterfeiting?

Copyright kukanganisa kungaratidzwa conjugated pfungwa: Counterfeiting (chitsotsi) uye "piracy" (nyepera, asi kana toreva pfuma yose Copyright). Izvi zvachose mhosva, iro kunobva pakushandisa mifananidzo, sainzi uye mabhuku, pasi kudzivirira Copyright, pasina mvumo munyori kana Copyright muridzi, uye izvi zvinosanganisira kutyora kunyorwa chibvumirano pakushandisa zvakananga mabasa anoverengeka ezvinhu.

The Mhando chikuru Copyright kukanganisa

Govera kakawanda izvi zvisiri pamutemo zviito pamusoro pavo vose:

• kungatonziwo (replicating mabhuku, zvinyorwa, etc.);
• Kuparadzira chigadzirwa (Rental, sale, etc.);
• pachena kuratidzira;
• voruzhinji chokupika basa konzati dzimba, dzemitambo uye zvichingodaro d..
• kutepfenyurwa pamusoro redhiyo, terevhizheni, uye zvichingodaro nezvimwewo..
• Shanduro kupinda mimwe mitauro;
• kugadzira basa (plagiarism).

In tsika Rinobva kwemarudzi aya kutyorwa Copyright, saka kutaura, "kufamba pamwe chete nguva." Fraudsters, kutevera chinangwa chavo zvinhu vapfume, mubasa yakagadzirwa haisi pfungwa yepakutanga, uye yakasiyana nzira rakavapa Copyright kwairi.

Mumazuva ano vatevedzere mutemo, mutemo uye forensic tsika, mwero iri mhosva inowanzopiwa pakutsvaga muridzi Copyright. Saka, chero chinhu kuti haadi kana anoona izvozvo chipingamupinyi kuti super-purofiti, ichakurukurwa nedare iri fanira hwaro kusarudza akakodzera maererano kukwezvana (kana inokwezva) mutadzi kuti imwe basa.

Historical zvinhu pamusoro rokuti "piracy"

Kutaurwa nezvazvo wokutanga inogona kutakurirwa 1603 Papera chinguva, shoko rokuti "piracy" rinowanikwa munhanganyaya pamusoro munhetembo Alfreda Tennisona «The Anoda kuti ngano»: «... achangobva pasi utsinye piracy".

Kazhinji anogona kuwanikwa magwaro mabasa pamutemo Somuenzaniso, mumutauro Chirungu of Berna Convention 1886:. "... yokunyepedzera makopi basa inozviisa nezvokubvuta chero munyika Union uko basa inahwo kudzivirirwa nomutemo."

Shoko rokuti "piracy" nenzira yokureva "Copyright kukanganisa" iri mumutauro wokuRussia magwaro, nomutemo zvinyorwa panguva yeUnited pamwero hakuitiki, asi rinoshandiswa kakawanda zvakakwana paruvanze zvinyorwa, mabhuku pamutemo uye nemirayiro nemakanzuru.

Maererano nemamwe mabhuku, kushandiswa kwayo anotaurwa pamwe journalistic cliche.

Maererano muvambi wakasununguka-software sangano Richarda Stollmana, vaiona izwi akava zvikuru kushandiswa pachinhu kufuratira nemakwenzi noruremekedzo kuti-software kutyora, ndinosika nhema dzaitendwa pamusoro wake zvikuru nezvacho. Maererano naye, iye mukusaziva chokuita piracy, izvo zvinozoita kwagara chokuita kuba, kupamba, kupamba, umhondi, mubatwa-kupinza, ngarava kunyura uye dzimwe mhosva dzechisimba.

The zvinokonzera piracy

Chekutanga, zvinonyanya zvakanaka pamusoro mutengo nzira kuti zvimubatsire tichienzanisa mari Licensing kunobva.

Zvakawanda ruzivo ano vakaita muitiro nokukopa mashoko ari nyore chaizvo uye kokupata zvakawanda.

Kare, nomutemo vagadziri vane dzinongoitika kudzivirira: hwokugadzira zvinobatsira uye upfumi akamboona. Munhu aigona manually nyorazve mashoko kana kuzadza pamusoro netapureta, asi unhu uye mutengo makopi izvi zvaizova yekudyidzana muduku shanduro yepakutanga.

To musi, zvose hwachinja. Somuenzaniso, mumwe mutemo mahofisi michina (, aidhinda bhainda uye kombiyuta) Zviri nyore achaita analogue mubhuku kutsikisa muna Paperback, pamwe rinodhura achava akaenzana kumusika mutengo. Yakanga tariro super-mari - chinokonzera piracy.

Kazhinji kupararira munyika umo mwero kwemubairo paminiti capita iwayo yakaderera. Naizvozvo, chikuru chinokonzera piracy munyika idzi mune nyasha insolvency chavagari (mutengo counterfeiting zviri kudzika pane mari inoshandiswa pamutemo).

Kusiyana "piracy" pamusoro plagiarism

Hazvina chinangwa-zvakamira. Kana "piracy" kuti mutadzi ari kutsvaka napo zvinhu zvinobatsira, vasingateereri chokuita nomutemo zvinoumba mhosva.

Kana plagiarism, ane akasiyana chinangwa - kuzivikanwa zviri akainangisa basa rake (zvisiri pamutemo akakweretwa kubva chipo munyori). Pamwe muitiro uyu, dzinowanzoona chipo uye vezvokutengeserana tibatsirwe.

Chii mhedzisiro Copyright kukanganisa?

Fani iyi iwayo akakurumbira mazuva ano. Kana nyaya haina pamutemo mvumo yokushandisa womumwe zvokunyama, zvinokwanisika kutaura kuti pane chaiwo kutyora Copyright. In yechinangwa mumutemo Russian akapa wehurumende uye ruzhinji basa.

Public kuita kuti kukanganisa pamusoro Copyright dzinoratidzwa mamiriro chirango muchimiro fines kana kutorerwa pfuma, kana zvimwe matanho.

Zvinogona kuva:

• mupari wemhosva;
• administrative.

The mupasa uchifarira chete mumwe apa. Maererano nomutemo, asi administrative basa rinogona kubatanidzwa somunhu repamutemo (pasina kukamurwa) uye vehurumende (kana kutyora harwuwire pasi muchikwata mhosva: kukuvara asingasviki zviuru 50 rubles ..). Zvikasadaro, vari kare avepo tsotsi.

Hwaro hwokurevererwa administrative basa iri uri. 7.12 of Administrative Code uye nokuda mhosva - Art. 146 yemutemo weCriminal Code: ". Zvaipesana Copyright"

Saka, yokupedzisira mabasa sezvo migumisiro zvikuru kutyorwa: yezvokutengeserana yezvakaitwa pamwero, izvo kwakaguma kunze komutemo kushandisa Copyright kana ukama kodzero, somugumisiro iyo pfuma kupfuura zviuru 50 rubles .. kana 250 zviuru. varikwizire. (Kana pamwero).

Civil kuita kuti kukanganisa pamusoro Copyright zvinoda kushanda chete apo vomufi chido. Panyaya iyi mutadzi kana mubayiro zvakakodzera muripo kuti munyori kana dzosera kuti kwakakanganisa kana kurasikirwa purofiti.

Legal chinhu kudzivirira Copyright

In nyika yedu, zviri inopiwa achiita July 9, 1993 N 5351-1 «On Copyright uye Related Rights", kutaura zvazviri, chikamu chayo rechishanu - "The kudzivirira Copyright uye vakarondedzera kodzero", izvo zvinosanganisira nhatu nyaya iyi (48, 49, 50).

Saka, nyaya 48 akasimbisa mutemo Copyright kukanganisa, iro rinotaura zvinotevera mashoko:

1. On the zviito kuti kukonzera mhosva, administrative uye yevagari kuita.
2. Chokwadi kuti vasiri zvaidiwa pamusoro zvinodiwa nomutemo uye zviri pamutemo uye utano vanhu vanoonekwa Vanotyora mutemo.
3. About achiongorora zvaive chii inoshanda uye makopi phonogram vari yokunyepera.

The yaidzorwa tsotsi kuita kuti Copyright kukanganisa?

Kuti aite izvi, munyika yedu pane runoenzanirana nyaya (146) weCriminal Code - ". Zvaipesana Copyright uye vakarondedzera kodzero"

It iroro kuti vairangwa Copyright kukanganisa - ndiwo mumwe zvirango zvavakatemerwa pamusoro mhosva munhu (zvichienderana hunhu nezviito zvake).

Kana basa rakanyorwa (plagiarism), achiteverwa nomumwe anotevera marangirwo:

1. Raida oparesheni, izvo zvinogona kutora kubva 180 kusvika 240 maawa.
2. Chirango Copyright kukanganisa mu uwandu 200 zviuru rubles.
3. Kusunga kwenguva mitatu kusvika mwedzi mitanhatu.

Kunopiwa Nokushandisa (kuchengetwa, kutora, chokufambisa) chokunyepera makopi zvinotevera zvirango vari rinorambidzwa:

• chirango Copyright kukanganisa (200 zviuru rubles, kana mari, kusanganisira mubayiro kwenguva gumi mwedzi ..);
• basa raida (180 - 240 maawa);
• kusunga (kusvika makore maviri).

Copyright kukanganisa (nyaya UFPA) boka dzinoungana vanhu kana iboka rakarongeka kana munhu, uyo akashandisa nzvimbo yake yepamutemo, kana mune zvizhinji anotarisana zvinotevera zvirango:

• mujeri (kusvika 6 years);
• yakanaka (kusvika 500 zviuru. varikwizire., kana zvimwe mari, kusanganisira mubayiro kwemakore matatu).

Chii nzira ndicho ari kuumbwa Copyright unodzivirira?

Chokwadi, zviri nekuripira kukuvadza. Nekuripira Copyright kukanganisa - imwe nzira nzira yokudzivirira tichienzanisa kuzoita kukuvadza. Mune mamwe manzwi, rworudyi anaro anofanira kodzero chero muripo kana kuzoita kukuvadza.

Zvisinei, chinofanira kufungawo zvokuti rakarurama vakaverenga uwandu kukuvadza ari mhosva Copyright kukanganisa nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakaoma kusimbisa.

Kana chirango muripo, hazvina zvakakodzera kuratidza kukura, zvichiguma kudzivirira munyori dzevanhukadzi kuti tiite nyore uye nyore.

mhando muripo

Nekuripira Copyright kukanganisa kunogona kusimbiswa pana:

• zviuru 10 -. 5 miriyoni rubles. (Kufungisisa yezvakaita kukanganisa, nguva yayo, zvinokonzerwa, ukuru mhosva mutadzi uye mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu);
• kaviri kukosha kodzero kushandisa basa (rezinesi), kufungisisa nzira kubatsirwa;
• kaviri kukosha yokunyepera makopi basa.

Pakusarudza kukura muripo kutonga nenheyo kururamisira uye kunzwisisa (p. 3, ndima. 1252 GKRF).

Zviri zvinotaura Copyright kukanganisa

It zvinoenderana mhando. Kazhinji, kutaura zviri Zvisinei rakakamurwa zveupfumi uye mutsika,, inobva chaizvo ari Copyright zvinodiwa imwe romunyori zvakaoma kusiyanisa pamusoro hwaro ichi, saka vari kazhinji dzikarongwa pamwe chete kwacho.

Vasiri pfuma mhando zvinosanganisira zvinotevera kodzero:

• akataura;
• rakanyorwa;
• pamusoro ongororo uye chinyorwa basa;
• kudzivirira yaivapo mukurumbira.

A zvokuti Copyright kukanganisa kunogona rinotungamirirwa vaviri pavazhe uye miviri Kubvunzisisa rokutanga kuferefeta kushanda mirayiridzo iyi.

Non-pfuma rumhan'aro zvingasanganisira zvinotevera zvinodiwa:

• pamusoro kuziva chete zvakanaka (somuenzaniso, pamusoro kuziva co-rakanyorwa);
• lzheavtorstva kusimbisa chokwadi yomupomerwi;
• kudzorerwa kutanga zvokudya murayiro (kuti kwokurityora);
• nokuti kudzvinyirira mabasa pangozi ramangwana kutyorwa kurudyi kana akatyorerwa nayo kare;
• Bhuku chisarudzo roruvanze chokuita kutyora (tichiregeredza mutadzi);
• muripo tsika kukuvara.

Chiito nokuda kukanganisa pamusoro Copyright zvinhu zvakasikwa zvingasanganisira zvinotevera zvinodiwa:

• nokuti kuzoita royalties (Copyright royalties);
• muripo kubva kukuvadza kunokonzerwa nokuziva kuti Copyright kukanganisa;
• pamusoro kuziva groundless vapfume (akapa collaborator uyo zvisiri kutorwa womumwe kubhadhara).

Video piracy sezvo muenzaniso wakajeka Copyright kukanganisa

Izwi iri kazhinji runotaurwa zvisiri pamutemo kuparadzirwa uye kukopwa zvinhu (epaTV, mafirimu, etc.) Achishandisa disks, makaseti, uyewo Internet. Video piracy inogona nangananga sezvo mari (kutengeswa yokunyepedzera zvinhu muzvitoro, kiosks uye zvakafanana. D.), Uye mubereko (kugoverana vhidhiyo neshamwari uye nevamwe.).

Muchiitiko chokutanga munhu pirated shanduro firimu zvingaitika refu asati wevakadzidza (somuenzaniso, pane dzimwe nguva apo munhu kushanda shanduro firimu, chakabiwa kubva vashandi vari kare kutengeswa).

The kutsikisa unhu mune iyi inogona yekudyidzana kwakasiyana kuti ane marezinesi kopi, asi hazvisi zvakakodzera.

In yedu nyika, mavhidhiyo uye piratical zvinyorwa - Ndivo mienzaniso yakawanda zvinowanzovapo Copyright kukanganisa, asi asingazomboregi zvinoreva chete.

Kune yakarongerwa zviratidzo muchimiro abbreviations kuti ichawedzerwa inokosha faira mazita kuti anoratidza mhando makopi akaita.

Vane chimiro:

1. "Ekranki» (CAMRip - Cam). Kazhinji, zvinhu yakadaro filmed mu kwakajairika Movie theatre vateereri, ane zvakakwana kbps.
2. Telesync (TS). Nani kopi filmed kunyanya theatre mushandi pamwe nenyanzvi kamera akatasva mutiraipodhi.
3. "Bhaudhi» (telecine - TC). The chatingatevedzera footage rinowanzova kupfuura avhareji. Ongororo iyi vaberekawo theatre mushandi, asi kuburikidza telecine.
4. Leakage rwekuita version (workprint - WP). Ichazivikanwa svikiro yepamusoro zvinhu akabatwa firimu Studio.
5. Leaked Promo makopi (DVD screener - DVDSCR uye Screener - UYU), riri kuparadzirwa firimu vatsoropodzi, firimu chewaini, etc. zvakare mediocre ...
6. DVDRip dzinoratidzwa yepamusoro makopi, vakawana kubva pavhidhiyo kana chitoro zvitoro.
7. R5 DVDRip - kopi, akaronga kuti nyika rechipiri uye rechitatu nyika nyika.
8. HDTVRip, CATVRip, TVRip, SATRip - vakakopa zvinhu zvinowanikwa nhepfenyuro.
9. BDRip (Blu-ray Disc Rip) - basa yokunyepedzera mukuru chaizvo quality, zvinonzi vakawana BD Disc kungatonziwo nezvevhidhiyo nokuparadzirwa.
10. VHS Rip - yakaderera chaizvo unhu kopi, vakawana kubva makaseti evhidhiyo.

Kuwedzera pavhidhiyo piracy, unogona achiri kutaura mienzaniso iyi kukanganisa kuti Copyright sezvo piratical records, yokunyepedzera software, mitambo yepakombiyuta nemavhidhiyo.

Rakajairika mhosva iyi zvoushumiri

Pane zvinotevera nyaya Copyright kukanganisa:

• asiri muripo kana rushoma kuripwa muripo;
• bhuku basa pasina mvumo yemuridzi nhengo munyori;
• Copyright kukanganisa pamusoro toga nemabasa ake;
• kushayikwa chaiyo zita romunyori.

Uye ichi hachisi chinhu mishoma iri mhando yezvigumbuso. Zvisinei, zviitiko izvi zviri Copyright kukanganisa, kunyanya kusada kutaridzwa munyori wechokwadi, kubudirira evanhu vemazuva ano.

Inokosha Maitiro zvinhu hama kuti excitation nezvakatongwa muchidimbu nyaya Copyright kukanganisa

Chekutanga, vari sechinhu nyaya (kufara panguva chikumbiro wemunhu).

Chechipiri, nokuti excitation akuvara anofanira kuzviisa pasi kunyunyuta zvakananga dare, zvinofanira kuratidza zvinotevera: nguva nenguva mhosva, uyo akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze, kuti kwaiva mugumisiro ipa chiito uye chii chaizvo vanotsigirwa omuJudha nharo pamusoro kunobatanidza mutadzi vachazvidavirira.

Chechitatu, dare haana kodzero kusiya pasina kunzwa chero zvichemo akagamuchira nokuda kwayo chisingakoshi, kana nokuda kushaya nouchapupu hwakati, kana kuti chero chikonzero.

Kana unozotevera kuramba kutanga vasaenderera mberi, rinofanira rakapa Maitiro Mutongo mutongi, uyewo zvinofanira kutaura zvikonzero chisarudzo chakadaro.

Chechina, nyaya Copyright kukanganisa hadzina yakaturikwa nokuda kuyananiswa vemapato. Production paruchaitika pavo neimwewo nzira (nokuramba mitumbi rokutanga kuongorora muhofisi muchuchisi wacho).

Chechishanu, kana Copyright kukanganisa ndee kokutanga, uye ruzivo nezveanomiririrwa mutadzi uye hunhu nezviito zvake kunoratidza guru inorwara mukana yawo kururamiswa pasina kushandisa mhosva matanho, dare angasarudza kugumisa vasaenderera zvakadaro haizopereri kutapurirana zvinhu zvose pamusoro payo hanya ane dare ushamwari.

Maererano nenhamba, izvozvo anoyera vasaenderera kuita ngakusava mhosva haawanzopiwi rakatangwa.

Zvakawanda uye iri nyore paIndaneti basa nenziyo pasina Copyright

A dzakawanda mumhanzi makwara, uyewo accompaniments vane Copyright, uye chavo chezviyo dzeruzhinji dzimwe nzvimbo hakubvumidzwi.

In nyika yedu kushandisa mutemo pamusoro kudzivirira Copyright pfuma yakadaro pamutemo zviito, kufanana kungatonziwo uye kuparadzira. Naizvozvo, nemitambo rinobatsirwa kuvhara nzvimbo zvakatendeka kuzivikanwa kutyora Copyright.

Music pasina Copyright kukanganisa - Musical kugutsikana, riri akasununguka uye anogona kutorwa pasina kutyorwa.

Nhasi tinogona govera dzakawanda uye zvakakunakira mabasa akadai kuti mumhanzi pasina kurambidzwa, yakadai se:

• Youtube.ru;
• Freemusicarchive.org;
• Nzvimbo pasi pokudzora Creative Commons, kusanganisira danosongs.com, audionautix.com uye sweetsoundeffects.com;
• rutube.ru;
• Jamendo.com.

Mune dzimwe nyika izvi kupararira mhosva?

Maererano nenhamba, kuti kutyora zvinodiwa muchikwata ichi kodzero yokuisira mhando iyi kwakazara munyika dzakadai Russia, China, Mexico, Ukraine, Brazil uye Indonesia.

Chikuru Chikonzero chinoita ichi ndivo zvoupfumi zvatinofarira, kunyanya:

1. Rights yokuisira monopolistic dzika rezvedzidzo pfuma anoshanda ari mukuru kwazvo mitengo, izvo kazhinji kacho hakurevi Nenyaya Iyi pamwe nevatengi zvinhu kubaya musika chidimbu.
2. Pane mutsauko pakurarama mitemo munyika umo kupinza chigadzirwa ungwaru pfuma (mutengo hazvirevi kunowirirana avhareji pamwero mubayiro asina kufungwa padanho rokubva mitero uye nevamwe.) Kunyange vaiona zvikuru zvinogamuchirika munyika-mugadziri mitengo kuti marezenisi zvigadzirwa.