Kureva zita: "Mwoyo Dog" by Bulgakov

basa rinoshamisa kuzivikanwa vanyori Soviet Rogue 'workshop - Mikhail Bulgakov - iri kukamura uchishandisa kukosha kuti nhaurirano panyaya yake achiri kuramba nhasi. Edza kunzwisisa uye kunzwisisa zvinorehwa nezita "Mwoyo Dog."

nhoroondo mashoko

Pakarepo mushure Pakunyora itsva muna 1925, zvakanga vachiwana kupomera kubva vatsoropodzi. Power nevanyori, yakafanana chakaitwa bhuku, izvo akasungwa kufungisisa munzanga yacho munyori. The Manyoro zvakatorwa, uye voruzhinji havana kutomboziva nezvokuvapo basa iri zvikuru, uye achangobva, atova makore 60 remakore rechimakumi maviri, akawana kwete chete muverengi, uye, zvadaro, ivo Fafitera, uyo akakwanisa kunzwisisa matarenda sezvo munyori uye vatungamiriri isingaori manyoro. Uye kana pakutanga bhuku zvaizoparadzirwa chete samizdat, muna 1968, pakupedzisira akaona chiedza, uye kunze, riri zvinokosha chaizvo. Wokutanga bhuku mukuru nemasango, nemavhinga nyaya nyika yedu akaona zvikuru ichangopfuura - muna 1987.

Kurwisa pamusoro chigadzirwa, sezvo, zvirokwazvo, uye munyori waro rakatanga nokuda pamberi OGPU mutumwa pakuverengwa basa yokutanga. Search, nezvokubvuta zvinyorwa, zvose izvi peji matema zvachose kusenza, kwakaitika muna zvichiitika ezvinhu vashandi uye vanhuwo zvavo. Asi shure munyaya vimbiso huru. Tisati funga zvinorehwa nezita nyaya "Mwoyo Dog", inofanira kuva zvishoma kupinda chikuru ndeechokwadi zvinhu zvakadzama.

A zvishoma pamusoro nyaya

Professor Preobrazhensky, nenzira, inimitably akaurayiwa firimu kwadzakabva hwakazonaka mutambi Evgeny Evstigneev, anoisa tarenda kuedza ndinobvisa yevanhu pituitary shwanu uye seminal mumasero mumuviri rembwa.

Asi kuti nhengo yakatorwa akuvara mukurwisana akadhakwa. Kunobudirira transplantation chinoguma rinonyanya unoshamisa migumisiro purofesa. Dog ainzi Sharik pakarepo anotanga kurichinja kuva munhu. Uye Professor Frankenstein harisi chete rakanaka anonzwisisa munhu, asi chinosemesa kwazvo, yendarira uye kusanyara 'mamwe masoja' vari kuedza kurarama iye achibva mufurati rake. Zvinhu, kunyange naka, asi zviri pachena zvikuru anotaura kupambwa simba muSoviet Union vanhu kubva makirasi rezasi, kuti proletariat, makore mashoma apfuura chinhu pachakwo haina, asi anotanga pamusoro enyika nyika nhandare netsvimbo iri vakagadzirira.

inokosha zvinoreva

Saka, zvinorehwa nezita yokufungidzira "Mwoyo Dog" Bulgakov raMwari, sokuti, zvinogona kushamisa nenzira mbiri. Kudivi rimwe, muviri wembwa, uye nawo mwoyo, akanga inopiwa nedzimwe nhengo dzakavandika dzevanhu, izvo zvakakonzera sanzwisisika nemigumisiro, anenge kwakatungamirira kwokuputsika musiki. Tinowana kuchiratidza chii mwoyo wembwa ari mumuviri womunhu - hazvina chete ngozi, asi kungaita kwataisvika kwenzanga rinoumbwa nedolyudey kwakadaro.

Ukuwo, zvinoreva zita "Mwoyo Dog" ndizvo zvikuru nemadimikira. Achiyeuka vanhu pasina mwoyo, mumwe pane vakawanda neshamwari womunhu ano. Kuti kubiridzira kana akatengesa munhu pedyo kwete chete hazvina matambudziko, uye zvakare, kazhinji pfungwa hwavo.

The "mutsva" vanhu

Kuramba kutaura pamusoro dimikira nyaya, tinogona kuzivisa chakadzama zvaireva zita chigadzirwa "Mwoyo Dog." "Humanity New", vakasikwa Mukuru October Revolution, kwakaratidzwa munhu kutyisa chiso dzoutsinye mumiririri wake. It chaizvoizvo chinhu akasikwa, zvakafanana mune pamusoro ringanidzo pakati Frankenstein, chikara kubva chubhu, asi boka rose. The proletariat, chipatapata asunungurwa kupinda munhandare simba, uncultured, nibble mbeu sunflower kuti, kuburikidza neshoko nezvokuvaka mai wake. Iye pakarepo akatanga kutonga nyika pamwe guru zvenhau netsika nhaka raasina chete kukanganwa zvachose, asi damn, zvinowanzoita kuti kudzvinyirira mavari uye zvakavapoteredza.

Dimikira iri, kupenga for ichi chakaitwa Bulgakov kare 1925, apo nyika yakanga ichangobva Akasimuka kubva pamabvi ake, kwangopera anozunungusa Civil War, akaridza anotyisa turakiti. Ndokusaka kusenza pakarepo tsikwa kunoshamisa nesimba rayo uye Kufembera chigadzirwa, mupendero pfungwa kunzwa kuti zviri pamusoro wake, pamusoro nechisimba kirasi plebeians pakarepo kutora pamusoro guru uye simba nyika.

The kushurudzira akaruramiswa

Uye zvakanaka sei akanga! Zvinorehwa nezita "Mwoyo Dog" Bulgakov kwete chete rakapinda mumba musimboti ezvinhu muSoviet Union, iye yakafanotaura zvinotyisa nenjodzi rakamuka pamusoro nyika, achikanda nawo patsika kune emakore akawanda akapfuura. Pashure pezvose, yava kare hapana chakavanzika sei zvakawanda vakadzidza vepamusoro pashure mamwe makore ora Stalin wake clique mumisasa sharashkas.

Kuti moyo kirasi yose imbwa, boka mutongo webato midziyo, zvakakonzera nemafashamo migumisiro yose nyika, nokuti ayo pfungwa kupfuma. Tisingabvumiri naye kuva tsika mwe zvokushandisa yose ano, uye akabvumira kuti ave mumiririri provocateur pakati Keteni Resimbi, renyukireya maoko rudzi uye vamwe maturo kubva pfungwa nemaonero rationality, vanhu kupenga zvoupengo.

izvi zvose anoenderera mberi kuti tinzwisise zvinoreva zita "Mwoyo Dog." The "mutsva" vanhu, akaumba pfungwa collectivism, zvakatorera kunoparadza sefungu tsika, ndinosika Soviet Union, sezvo munhu akatadza kutsveyama musoro pfungwa pamusoro vanhu anodzorwa kururamisira. Uye, zvinosuruvarisa chizvarwa Sharikovs achiri ichiriko, uye pfungwa yakanaka vanhu zvakaramba imwe pfungwa, zvichiita kuti tirambe kufungidzira zvisingabviri.

mhedziso

Saka, zvinorehwa nezita "Mwoyo Dog" inobva pemvura. Munhu ane simba uyu haafaniri kodzero iripo panyika pano. Bulgakov akarota kwenzanga akadaro.

Akaona chii chaizvoizvo ichichinja umo "vose vakaenzana", "Kubva nomumwe maererano nemano ake" uye navamwe yakatarwa pakati masirogani vasina chisimbiso chaiyo. Nzanga inoumbwa ne October Revolution, kubvira pakutanga zvakanga sauka. Chinangwa chake chaiva afumure kusawirirana ichi, uye iye sowakajeka yakakunda basa iri.